St. Kastulus (Vilsheim)
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Kastulus in Vilsheim , a municipality in the Lower Bavarian district of Landshut , is a late Gothic building that is attributed to the Landshut Bauhütte. The patronage of St. Kastulus (memorial day: March 26th) is a very rare one, but can be explained by the proximity to the cities of Moosburg and Landshut . The collegiate monastery St. Kastulus in Moosburg, which kept the relics of its namesake, was transferred to Landshut in 1598 , where they remain to this day. The parish of Vilsheim is now part of the Parish Association of Altfraunhofen and is looked after by pastoral care from there.
Location and surroundings
St. Kastulus is located in the center of Vilsheim, a village around ten kilometers south of Landshut and 13 kilometers east of Moosburg. The address is Ulrich-von-Pusch-Straße 2, named after the builder of the church. The church and the local cemetery directly to the south are located on the northern bank of the Kleine Vils .
history
Vilsheim was first mentioned in a document in 926 AD as the property of the bishops of Baiern . The previous building of the present church was in 1142 by Bishop Otto II. Of Freising in honor of St. Mary Magdalene ordained as Karl Meichelbeck states in his history of the Diocese of Freising.
Today's parish church, a remarkable late Gothic building, was built between 1440 and 1450 by Ulrich Pusch von Vilsheim, then court lord . As can be seen from his gravestone, which is part of the collection of the Bavarian National Museum , Ulrich Pusch von Vilsheim founded a daily mass in 1451 on the three-king altar in the parish church of St. Kastulus in Vilsheim . He died in 1458. His two sons Hans and Gabriel Pusch donated four quarters of November on the same altar in 1481 . The construction should have been completed around this time, as the two eastern keystones in the nave bear the marriage coat of arms of the aforementioned brothers.
The parish church has been redesigned several times according to the current tastes. The first major renovation took place in the course of the Baroque transformation around 1730, when, among other things, the Gothic high altar had to give way to a Baroque copy. In 1786 the tower was partially destroyed by a lightning strike , but was quickly rebuilt despite great financial hardship with the active help of the branch communities . In 1862, the master bricklayer Simon Pausinger from Landshut extended the nave by one yoke to the west in order to accommodate the increased number of church visitors. In the following years a regotization was carried out, the baroque altars were replaced by neo-Gothic altars. The two side altars, which are no longer preserved today, were purchased in 1868 ( Holy Three Kings ) and 1875 (St. Stephen ). In 1892, pastor Wiesbauer carried out renewed renovations. However, since these were not approved by the Archbishop's Ordinariate , the local priest had to pay a fine.
Under Pastor Wilhelm Knab (1947–1980) the appearance of the church changed again significantly. As a result of the Second Vatican Council , the neo-Gothic high altar was removed, a modern popular altar was built and the stalls were completely renewed. Numerous renovations were carried out in the period from the early 1990s to the late 2010s . In 1992, among other things, the church roof, the exterior facade and the interior shell were renovated. The neo-Gothic altar could be re-erected in 1997 after some missing parts had been added, for example the figure of Saint Castulus. New pews were also purchased, which, as before, are arranged on both sides of a central aisle. In the years that followed, the tower was finally renovated. In 2009 the cemetery walls were renewed, in 2012 the western porch was repaired and in 2017 another tower renovation with renewal of the roof structure , the tower clock , the tower cross and the paintwork. For the tower roof, more durable larch wood shingles were used instead of cedar wood shingles .
architecture
Exterior construction
The single-nave hall church in the late Gothic style has since the expansion in 1862 a four-bay nave and a recessed, two-bay choir with a three-sided end. The brick building , which is typical for the Landshut area , is structured on the outside by detached buttresses on the nave, where the upper ledge is placed over a corner , and triangular pilaster strips on the choir. The roof frieze is also characteristic of the Landshut construction works . The window openings are pointed arch, the window at the apex of the choir is blocked.
The sacristy is attached to the choir on the north side and the five-storey choir flank tower in the south . The latter is built on a square floor plan and is the only part of the church that is plastered and whitewashed. The three middle floors are decorated with slender pointed arches . The top floor is enlivened by ogival sound openings on all sides and two friezes. The transition to the pointed helmet at the top is provided by four square corner turrets, which is reminiscent of the tower design of the Church of St. Johannes in Moosburg.
In the corner between the tower and the nave there is an extension that contains the staircase to the tower. On the third yoke of the nave, a Lourdes grotto is built on the south side , which opens outwards with a pointed arch. This previously served as a vestibule for the south portal, which has now been added . In 1862, a small porch was placed on the new west facade with a pointed arched portal, which has since been used to access the interior of the church.
inner space
The choir is spanned by a star-shaped ribbed vault with pointed arches in the late Gothic style. The birnstabförmigen ribs spring from weak, chamfered pilasters , which semicircular services with neo-Gothic Weinlaub capitals are presented. The plate-shaped keystones are of different sizes and have partially painted reliefs of saints . The choir arch at the transition between the chancel and nave is pointed, bevelled on the west side and stepped and bevelled on the east side.
The nave contains a late Gothic net rib vault. The ribs, in turn, are in the shape of a pear rod and arise from the same pillars as in the choir. The plate-shaped keystones have pointed heraldic shields, the two eastern keystones have four-pass -shaped heraldic shields with protruding points. The latter were created in 1481 and bear the marriage coat of arms of the brothers Hans and Gabriel Pusch, each with a helmet. The vaults in the choir and nave stand out clearly from the white vault ribs with their yellow paint.
In the basement of the tower there is a late Gothic ribbed vault . A wooden organ has moved into the rearmost nave yoke .
Furnishing
Altars
The neo-Gothic high altar, which was re-erected in 1997, shows a relief-like depiction of the coronation of Mary by the Holy Trinity in the center . This is flanked by the figures of St. King Ludwig (left) and St. Sebastian (right). In the altar extension, which is decorated with numerous pinnacles , there is a figure of the church patron Kastulus with his attribute , the shovel.
The also neo-Gothic side altars were removed in the 1960s. Only the altar leaves of St. Stephen (left) and the Three Wise Men during the visit of the baby Jesus (right) are preserved.
High altar
Altar painting of the former left side altar
Altar painting of the former right side altar
Other equipment
Figures of Maria with the inclined head (left) and the holy brother Konrad (right) are attached above the side doors in the choir room . On the south side of the nave and the tower outside, some epitaphs of the noble families residing at Vilsheim Castle from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries have been preserved.
organ
An instrument by the Munich organ builder Joseph Gloner from 1730, which was repaired by Leonhard Veichtmayr from Straubing in 1752 and Johann Schweinacher from Landshut in 1765 and 1784 , was replaced in 1827 by a new one by Joseph Schweinacher from Landshut. This comprised seven registers on a manual and pedal . The successor instrument with eight registers on a manual and pedal was created by Franz Borgias Maerz in 1899. Today's organ with a free-pipe prospect was built between 1972 and 1974 by Wilhelm Stöberl from Munich . The slider chest instrument with electric game and stop action comprises 14 stops on two manuals and a pedal. The disposition is as follows:
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- Coupling : II / I, II / P, I / P
Web links
- Internet presence of the parish Vilsheim in the parish association Altfraunhofen on the pages of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Anton Eckardt (Hrsg.): Art monuments of the Kingdom of Bavaria - District Office Landshut. Oldenbourg, Munich 1914, pp. 219-222 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b c d e f g Sebastian Tremmel: Church leader St. Kastulus in Vilsheim . Compiled from various reports on the history and furnishings of the church. Vilsheim, around 2010.
- ↑ Parish Association Altfraunhofen: Christmas Parish Letter 2017 (PDF; 4.2 MB), p. 16f. Online at www.erzbistum-muenchen.de; accessed on December 24, 2017.
- ↑ Bavarian organ database online
Coordinates: 48 ° 26 '54.2 " N , 12 ° 6' 29.2" E