St. Katharina (Schmatzhausen)
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Katharina in Schmatzhausen , a district of the municipality of Hohenthann in the Lower Bavarian district of Landshut , is an originally Romanesque or Gothic church, which was converted to Baroque style around 1680 and thus essentially received its current structural shape. The baroque and rococo style interior was adapted to the tastes of the time between around 1720 and 1775. The parish church is dedicated to St. Catherine of Alexandria (Remembrance Day: November 25th).
Location and surroundings
The parish church of St. Katharina is located in Schmatzhausen, a village on the eastern edge of the Hallertau , at an altitude of 457 m above sea level. NN . It stands on a hill above the upper reaches of the Kleine Laber .
The village cemetery extends around the church , with a soul chapel at the western end . This is a massive building with a steep pitched roof from the first half of the 19th century. Next to the entrance door, a figure of Our Lady of Lourdes is set in an arched niche . On the outside of the cemetery wall is the war memorial , on which the fallen and missing of the wars of 1870/71 , 1914-18 and 1939-45 are commemorated.
history
The history of the parish of St. Katharina is closely related to the local history of Schmatzhausen, which was first mentioned in 1133 . At that time, the wife of Udalrich von Wolfstein transferred the Smuteshusa estate to the St. Kastulus monastery in Moosburg . Schmatzhausen was then in the area of the parish of St. Peter in Münster . The first documented pastor of Schmatzhausen, Wilhelm Precht, died in 1300. The parish and parish church are likely to have been built only a little earlier. Schmatzhausen, and with it the parish of St. Katharina, often switched between the possessions of different noble families and monasteries in the Middle Ages . Around 1350 it finally came into the possession of the Ziegelhauser, whose best-known representative, Greimwold Ziegelhauser, was a canon in Regensburg . After the family died out in 1415 with the death of Ulrich Ziegelhauser, the right of presentation was transferred to the pastorate of the dukes of Lower Bavaria and Bavaria. Even today, the government of Lower Bavaria (purely formally) has a say in filling the pastoral position.
During the Thirty Years' War , the old Romanesque parish church, including the Gothic choir and tower, was burned to the ground by the Swedes . It was rebuilt in the baroque style around 1650. Between 1720 and 1775, the church was essentially given its current interior in the Baroque and Rococo styles.
architecture
Exterior construction
St. Katharina is a stately, east-facing hall church with a high gable roof. Under this are the Romanesque nave from the 13th century and the originally Gothic choir. The nave comprises three bays , the two front bays essentially going back to the previous building from the 13th century. The rear nave yoke was added later; In contrast to the other upright rectangular windows, which each have a slightly retracted round arch, there are only transversely oval oculi at a great height. The window openings are each framed with white pilaster strips , which clearly stand out from the backs of the walls whitewashed in soft green. The yoke separation on the exterior is also made by white pilaster strips. A pilaster strip was not attached between the two rear bays on the south side, as a sundial is located exactly here .
The originally Gothic choir also includes three bays and closes on three sides of the octagon. Like the nave, it contains tall rectangular windows with slightly drawn-in, baroque changes to the end. The yoke is separated here by triangular pilaster strips; In addition, the coffin cornice and frieze tape refer to the Gothic period when this building was built. The sacristy and the church tower (a so-called choir flank tower) are attached to the choir on the north side , the latter also being built in the Gothic period. The tower substructure is built on a square floor plan and is enlivened by pointed arches . On the north side of the tower there is a painting of the Crescent Madonna with the baby Jesus about halfway up ; The church patroness Katharina kneels at her feet, recognizable by her attribute, the broken wheel. The work of art was only made in the 20th century. A relatively high, octagonal shaft, which contains the clockwork and belfry , is built over a protruding cornice . A modern, eight-sided pointed helmet with a tower ball and cross rises above eight small triangular gables . A small porch with a hipped roof and oval windows is attached to the otherwise largely undivided west facade of the nave , through which access to the interior of the church is made.
inner space
The interior of the parish church of St. Katharina was also redesigned in Baroque style at the end of the 17th century. In the choir, the Gothic pointed barrel with yellow-washed stabbing caps and belt arches was preserved; however, the ribs were chipped off from the original reticulated vault . The nave vault, a baroque barrel vault, also has yellow whitewashed stitch caps and belt arches. As with the choir vault, the latter arise from flat pilasters with strongly profiled cornices. In the rear nave yoke an organ gallery has been inserted, which is supported by filigree wooden supports on both sides of the central aisle.
Furnishing
Altars
The altars of the parish church were made in 1754 by the carpenter Lorenz Grindtl from Pfeffenhausen and are kept in rococo style. The high altar stands on a wide, almost head- high plinth that supports the four pillars that frame the structure . While the two inner columns are smooth, the outer, more advanced columns are coiled. The gilded capitals in particular are very elaborately designed and decorated with gilded fruit pendants. Above the cafeteria is the tabernacle, richly decorated with shell work, with an exposure niche , which is framed by two pairs of gilded volute pilasters . Above it, on a plinth that appears to rise from a silver-plated cloud, stands the main figure of the altar: a crowned Mother of God with Child Jesus, who is surrounded by a golden halo and flanked by two graceful putti . The latter apparently stretch a dark green canopy with numerous gold-plated tassels . At the feet of the Mother of God there are two figures related to the Dominican Order : on the left, the founder of the order Dominic with a small dog; on the right St. Catherine of Siena with a crown of thorns , who is also considered the patroness of Europe . In the altar extension, which is flanked by two volutes set with putti, there is a painting of the church patroness Catherine of Alexandria with a palm branch in a curved frame. There are two more sculptures above the two side passages of the altar: on the left, St. Sixtus with the Pope's cross and tiara; on the right a figure of St. Paul , which is a work of the early Renaissance and probably comes from around 1550.
The side altars, which are located on both sides of the choir arch , are designed as counterparts. They each have a structure that is supported by two pilasters and two winding columns with elaborate capital decorations. On the tabernacle, which is flanked by two small columns, there is a pedestal, which carries the central figure. The curved altar extension is flanked by two putti sitting on volutes and is asymmetrical - a typical Rococo style feature. In each case there is a painting in a gilded frame, which also has an irregular contour. The main figure of the left (north) side altar symbolizes the martyrdom of St. Sebastian ; A guardian money can be seen in the extract . On the right (southern) side altar, St. Leonhard acts as the central figure; on the extract from the altar there is a depiction of St. Joseph carrying the baby Jesus on his arm. In addition, the tabernacle doors on the right side altar were removed so that a view of a small carving of the Holy Family is free.
pulpit
The pulpit with stairs was created in 1773 and, like the altars, is kept in the Rococo style. It is placed on the Gospel page between the first and second nave yoke from the east. The curly pulpit is structured by four volute pilasters, on which the evangelist symbols of the four evangelists are located. In clockwise direction these are: the lion for Mark , the winged person for Matthew , the eagle for John and the bull for Luke . On the side facing the church there is an open book with the biblical words “Blessed are they who hear the word of God and heed it” ( Lk 11.28 EU ). A kind of stuccoed , dark green curtain with a gilded hem is draped over the parapet of the pulpit . There are numerous gold-plated tassels on the sound cover of the pulpit. With this design, the creator of the pulpit made clear reference to the canopy on the high altar, which is around 20 years older.
Other equipment
There is a mission cross across from the pulpit . At the lower end of it sits on a console a figure of the Erid Christ . A crucifix is attached to the choir arch, with a small putto with a flowing robe attached to each of the arms of the cross. Next to the left side altar there is also a more recent figure of the Sacred Heart of Jesus . The baroque cheeks from around 1720 are also of particular interest. These are decorated with acanthus . a grooved band runs along the edge.
The oldest pieces of equipment in the parish church are two Gothic reliefs made of Kelheim limestone that are attached to the outer walls. One is the grave monument of Dean Ulrich Ziegelhauser († 1415). On it you can see a large coat of arms with a crest. The other stone relief is divided into two parts. In the upper, slightly larger part, a crucifixion group with Mary and John is shown. In the lower field you can see the saints Castulus (left) and Katharina (right) as well as kneeling two members of the Brick House family. On both sides there is a small coat of arms with a crest.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Mediaprint Infoverlag GmbH (Ed.): Living, living, working and relaxing in the community of Hohenthann. Brochure, 1st edition, Mering 2017.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Churches and chapels of the homeland: Schmatzhausen, St. Katharina . Online at kirchturm.net ; Retrieved November 25, 2017.
Coordinates: 48 ° 39 ′ 35.8 " N , 12 ° 1 ′ 59.7" E