St. Martin (Pfeffenhausen)
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Martin in Pfeffenhausen , a market in the Lower Bavarian district of Landshut , is a three-aisled basilica in the neo-Gothic style , built from 1885 to 1888. Due to its size, it is also known as the Hallertau Cathedral .
history
The church was first mentioned in a document in 1040 as a baptistery for a larger area. Thus Pfeffenhausen is considered an original parish, in the surrounding places such as Niederhornbach, Pfaffendorf and Rainertshausen own parishes were only established over the centuries. Today all four parishes in the political community of Pfeffenhausen are reunited to form a parish community.
At least two previous buildings of the current church are considered to be secure. Almost nothing is known about the Romanesque building, which is considered to be secure . In the second half of the 15th century it had to give way to a late Gothic church, which was equipped with four altars (high, Johannes, Sebastian and cross altars). Even then, the tower substructure could have been taken over from the old church, while the choir and nave were certainly significantly enlarged. From the construction plans for today's church, drawn up in 1884, it can be seen that the previous building was a three-aisled staggered hall with a choir in the width of the central nave, which was probably made by the Landshut Bauhütte.
After damage to the church in the Thirty Years War, the church was gradually rebuilt and given a baroque interior. On July 30, 1696, five new altars were consecrated. The exterior was also heavily modified during this time; For example, a curved baroque facade was placed in front of the front of the nave, the tower was raised around the octagonal superstructure that is still preserved today and provided with an onion dome with a lantern . This work was carried out by the local master mason Hans Widtmann, who among other things also built the pilgrimage church in Heiligenbrunn . He is also likely to have built the still existing rectory, a two-storey hipped roof building. These construction measures were already completed in the early 18th century (before 1723) when Michael Wening's view of the town was created. In the great market fire of 1779, the baroque dome was destroyed and replaced by today's cranked pointed helmet .
Since this church building had become too small at the end of the 19th century and due to the low location there was moisture and thus a rotten smell in the walls, it was decided in 1884 to rebuild the church. In addition, Pfeffenhausen experienced a considerable economic boom due to the hop cultivation and the imminent railway connection , so that the plan to extend the nave to the west was abandoned in 1856. The contract for the planning of the new building, which ultimately cost around 120,000 marks, was awarded to Landshut building inspector Anton Völkl. The foundation stone was laid on June 14, 1885, and the first service in the new church was celebrated on Christmas 1886. The church consecration was done by the Regensburg Bishop Ignatius of Senestrey after three years of construction on June 9, 1888.
During the first major church renovation in 1933 and 1934, among other things, the previously dark vaulted ceiling was brightly painted over, and the depiction of the Holy Trinity by Landshut painter Franz Högner on the choir arch was created. In 1978, the Landshut sculptor designed Karl Reidel the people's altar with a bronze relief of the Last Supper and the ambo and the Martins fountain in the church square. In 1988 the church received a new organ for the 100th anniversary . The last interior renovation was carried out between 2005 and 2013; Among other things, the altars, which were painted over in stone, were brought back to their original oak-wood visibility.
description
architecture
The parish church is a neo-Gothic bare brick building based on the model of brick Gothic with granite and yellowish sandstone structures . The famous Landshut Martinskirche , about 25 kilometers away , may have served as a model here. In terms of design, it is a three-aisled basilica with five bays. To the north-east of the central nave, the same width is connected to the choir with a five-eighth end . A double gallery has been inserted in the rearmost yoke of the central nave, and the organ is on the upper floor . The side aisles end with straight end walls at the level of the choir arch . On the side of the front yoke there are two chapels, which are mainly used for silent devotion . This gives the church a cross-shaped floor plan, but without being a central building in the classic sense . The entire interior is equipped with a star vault .
The 62.5 meter high, seven-storey tower with an octagonal tower and pointed helmet was completely taken over from the previous building. To the northeast of the left aisle, it connects directly to the chancel as a so-called choir flank tower. In its basement there is a sacristy room which still contains an original Gothic reticulated vault . On the opposite side of the chancel, a two-story sacristy was added in the course of the new church building, resulting in an almost symmetrical floor plan.
The exterior of the church is structured by double buttresses with a monopitch roof and ogival tracery windows. The latter have three lanes in the side aisles and the upper aisles and two lanes in the two. Except for simple keel arches, the three choir closing windows are free of tracery, as they have elaborate glass paintings . The rear window of the organ gallery is designed as a rose window .
Furnishing
The rather simple interior is almost uniformly neo-Gothic. The equipment of the previous building was publicly auctioned in 1885; only the choir arch crucifix , some baroque church chairs (today on the gallery), a baroque statue of Sebastian (today on the Sebastian altar ), the baptismal font and the late Gothic holy water basin at the south portal have been preserved. The five altars ( high altar , Marien , Sebastian, family , cross altar ), the choir stalls , the four confessionals and the pulpit with reliefs of the four Latin church fathers come from the Munich company Alois Riesenhuber, at that time a major producer of church furnishings in southern Germany . The structure of the altars is based on late Gothic carved altars, while topics such as the veneration of the Holy Family or the Sacred Heart of Jesus only came up recently.
The high altar in the choir is built on three axes with a figure niche, the middle axis being elevated by a tabernacle and exposure niche . In this central niche there is a Sacred Heart figure, on the side the apostles Peter with key and Paul with sword are housed. On the front walls of the north (left) side aisle is the Marien Altar. It shows a figure of the Mother of God, flanked by the Saints Barbara and Catherine . A figure of Maria Immaculata can be seen next to the choir arch . The counterpart on the right is the Sebastian Altar. The figure of the eponymous saint is accompanied by St. Leonhard and St. Florian . The family altar is housed in the left side chapel next to the late Gothic font made of Kelheim marble . Figures of Saint Wolfgang (left) and Saint Benno (right) can be seen on both sides of a relief-like representation of the Holy Change . The south side chapel contains the cross altar. This shows a crucifixion group in the middle with Mary and the apostle John as a relief, to the side figures of St. Veronica (left) and the evangelist John . Consequently, a distinction is already made here between the apostle and the evangelist John, which according to more recent research should also be correct.
The choir is impressively illuminated by three colorful glass windows from the royal glass painting establishment Franz Xaver Zettler from Munich. The motifs show scenes from the life of St. Martin . Zettler, whose father was born as a baker's son in Pfeffenhausen, made the middle window a gift to the parish. For the late Gothic choir arch crucifix from the 16th century, Franz Högner painted a representation of the Holy Trinity at the top of the choir arch in the 1930s. The Stations of the Cross from 1886 are neo-Gothic and were made by the sculptor Sebastian Wirsching. Today's organ by Georg Jann replaced an instrument by Max Maerz from the 19th century on the 100th anniversary of the church in 1988 .
In the central nave below the upper aisle, eight curly framed medallions with paintings can be seen, which bring the beatitudes from the Sermon on the Mount closer to the viewer through saints with corresponding life stories. The following are shown:
- Blessed are the poor in spirit. - Francis of Assisi
- Blessed are those who mourn. - Mary Magdalene
- Blessed are the meek. - Francis de Sales
- Blessed are they who hunger for righteousness. - Ignatius of Loyola
- Blessed are the merciful. - Philipp Neri
- Blessed are the pure in heart. - Agnes of Rome
- Blessed are the peaceful. - Johannes Gualbertus
- Blessed are the persecuted. - Stephen
Picture gallery
High altar
Side altar
pulpit
Pulpit
confessional
Baptistery with family altar
Cross altar
literature
- Kath. Pfarramt Pfeffenhausen (Ed.): A guide for the churches of the parish community Pfeffenhausen-Niederhornbach-Pfaffendorf-Rainertshausen . Self-published, Pfeffenhausen 2013.
Web links
- Website of the parish of Pfeffenhausen
- Pictures of the parish church of St. Martin in Pfeffenhausen on kirchturm.net
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Marktgemeinde Pfeffenhausen: Sights in and around Pfeffenhausen . Online at www.pfeffenhausen.de. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
- ↑ a b c d A guide for the churches of the Pfeffenhausen-Niederhornbach-Pfaffendorf-Rainertshausen parish community , pp. 4–7.
- ↑ a b c d Parish Pfeffenhausen: Information on the parish church of St. Martin ( Memento of the original from June 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Online at www.pfarrei-pfeffenhausen.de. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
- ↑ a b c A guide for the churches of the Pfeffenhausen-Niederhornbach-Pfaffendorf-Rainertshausen parish community , p. 8.
- ↑ a b c d A guide for the churches of the Pfeffenhausen-Niederhornbach-Pfaffendorf-Rainertshausen parish community , pp. 8–13.
Coordinates: 48 ° 39 '53.7 " N , 11 ° 57' 53.4" E