Théophile de Bordeu

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Théophile de Bordeu (1722–1776)

Théophile de Bordeu (born February 22, 1722 in Izeste , in the French province of Béarn , † November 23, 1776 in Bagnères-de-Bigorre in the province of Gascogne ) was a French doctor and an early representative of vitalism . He is one of the founders of hydrotherapy .

Life

Mountain valley of the Aussau

Théophile de Bordeu's father had married into a lower aristocratic family as a doctor in Izeste near Pau . His name was Antoine Seigneur de Jurque de Bordeu (1695-1776) since March 30, 1721 with Adriana Touya de Jurque (1698-1750) married. The couple had fourteen children in all, some of whom died early. Anne (1734–1737), Catherine (1736–1814), François (1735–1781), Jean (1727–1748), Jean (1733–1734), Jean François (1724–1819), Jeanne (1730–1809), Louis (1729–1766), Magdeleine Jeanne Philippe (* 1737), Marie Anita (1726–1797), Marie Esther (1723–1725), Marie Esther (* 1725), Théophile (1722–1776), Ursule de Bordeu (1739 -1819).

There, in Izeste, Théophile was born. The place of birth lies in the valley of the mountain river Aussau (spelling also: Ossau). The remoteness of nature allows one to understand Bordeu's preference for natural healing methods. In doing so, however, he was also following a trend of his time, in which he particularly advocated the use of baths. From 1750 Spa became the equivalent of the English seaside resort Bath .

Bordeu first studied medicine in Montpellier and received his doctorate there in 1743. Together with his friend Arnulphe d'Aumont , Bordeu carried out anatomical studies in the Masonic lodge La Liberté during their studies in Montpellier between 1742 and 1744 , both of which were involved in the founding of the lodge . These studies formed the basis of his vitalistic interests, Doctrine médicale de l'École de Montpellier . There he came into conflict with the initially purely anatomical thinking of Herman Boerhaave , which was still predominant at that time. He then stayed for a short time in his home in Pau, where he discovered thermal springs in the Pyrenees .

From 1752, through the mediation of the family, he was again active as a scholar in Paris and maintained relations with the court of the king, Louis XV. where his cousin, Louis de Lacaze, was court doctor. Bordeu was also Madame Dubarry's doctor . After 1773 Bordeu u. a. Philippe Pinel's teacher in Montpellier. Together with Paul Joseph Barthez (1734–1806), Bordeu is considered the founder of vitalism in the École de médecine de Montpellier . His teachings were u. a. taken over by Marie François Xavier Bichat (1771–1802), who, along with Barthez, is considered to be Bordeu's successor. From 1750 he was a member of the Académie des Sciences .

Services

Bordeu's merit lies in the discovery of the specific services of the organs and their specific structures. For Marie François Xavier Bichat, the specific organ structures became the basis for a histologically and chemically-physically oriented anatomy that ensured France's dominance in medicine. The vitalistic approach of these researchers can therefore also be described as physiological thinking, which goes beyond a purely mechanical explanation of life processes. In addition to the nervous system, Bordeu viewed the blood as a way through which the organs are controlled (this is how he explained the dependence of the occurrence of sexual maturity and the failure of the gonad function due to increased or absent penetration of gland secretions into the blood sap). This idea anticipates what is now referred to as internal secretion and hormonal control . Hence the attention of Bordeu et al. a. especially on the glands . He described their work as "emanations". Bordeu left an extensive work behind. This included the newly acquired knowledge of the nervous system since Georg Ernst Stahl and Albrecht von Haller with Robert Whytt , Francis Glisson and Luigi Galvani, as well as the older humoral theories (in the form of glandular activity) and the natural philosophy-based teachings of the crisis in the patient process , the critical days and the influence of the moon and tides on the state of mind. However, he also contributed to overcoming the teachings of steel-based animism by demonstrating the point of view of multiple organ involvement in psychological processes and thus relativizing the thesis that psychological processes are metaphysical . Animism, Stahl's doctrine, largely recognized as valid, turned more into psychodynamism , a doctrine of the basic forces of the organism and the partial forces of the organs (see also sympathy ). Bordeu wrote an article for Denis Diderot's encyclopedia and is therefore counted among the encyclopedists . Another reference to Diderot is the appearance of de Bordeu as a fictional character in the trilogy Le Rêve de d'Alembert (1769), one of his most important philosophical works .

The importance of Bordeu in the history of psychiatry, and thus medicine in general, results from the emphasis he placed on the biological foundations of reason and thus on the autonomy of all organs that do not require an absolutist interpretation of the interests of power. In this respect, the encyclopedic publication, which Bordeu also pursued, developed into a not only moral, but especially political intention in the age of political upheaval.

Fonts

  • Analysis medicinale du sang , Montpellier 1775.
  • Aquitaniae minerales aquae , Paris, Quillau, 1754 .
  • Correspondance , Montpellier , Center national de la recherche scientifique, 1977 - 1979
  • Homage à la vallée d'Ossau , 1774 .
  • L'usage des eaux de Barèges et du mercure, pour les écrouelles: ou dissertation sur les tumeurs scrophuleuses , Paris, Debure, 1757
  • Lettres contenant des essais sur l'histoire des eaux minérales du Béarn sur leur nature, différence, proprieté; sur les maladies from source elles conviennent, & sur la façon dont on doit s'en servir .
  • Lettres contenant des essais sur l'histoire des eaux minérales du Béarn et de quelques-unes des provinces voisines , Amsterdam, Poppé libraires, 1746 ; seconde édition revue et augmentée en 1748 .
  • Lettres inédites , Bordeaux , Bière, 1960
  • Nouvelles observations sur le pouls intermittent: qui indique l'usage des purgatifs , Paris, Vincent, 1761
  • Œuvres complètes précédées d'une notice sur sa vie et sur ses ouvrages , Paris, Caille et Ravier, 1818 . Volume I (digitized version) . Volume II (digitized version)
  • Précis d'observations sur les eaux de Barèges et les autres eaux minérales du Bigorre et du Béarn , Paris, 1769
  • Recherches anatomiques sur la position des glandes et sur leur action , Paris, Quillau, 1751
  • Recherches anatomiques sur les articulations des os de la face , Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1755
  • Recherches sur l'histoire de la médecine , 1764 , improved new edition: Paris, G. Masson, 1882
  • Recherches sur le pouls par rapport aux crises contenant les décisions de plusieurs savans médecins sur la doctrine du pouls; ... on ya joint un dissertation nouvelle sur les sueurs critiques & leurs pouls , Paris, Fr. Didot jeune, 1779 - 1786
  • Recherches sur le pouls par rapport aux crises , Paris, Didot, jeune, 1772
  • Recherches sur le tissu muqueux: ou, L'organe cellulaire, et sur quelques maladies de la poitrine , Paris, Didot le jeune, 1767
  • Recherches sur le tissu muqueux, ou l'organe cellulaire, et sur quelques maladies de la poitrine , Paris, Didot le jeune, 1790
  • Recherches sur les maladies chroniques: leurs rapports avec les maladies aiguës, leurs périodes, leur nature, et sur la manière dont on les traite aux eaux minérales de Barèges, et des autres sources de l'Aquitaine , Paris, Gabon: 1775
  • Recherches sur quelques points d'histoire de la medecine: qui peuvent avoir rapport à l'arrêt de la Grand 'Chambre du Parlement de Paris, concernant l'inoculation, et qui paroissent favorables à la tolérence de cette opération , Liège  : [sn] , 1764
  • Recherches sur quelques points d'histoire de la médicine qui peuvent avoir rapport à l'arrêt de la grand 'chambre du Parlement de Paris, concernant l'inoculation, et qui paroissent favorables à la tolérence de cette opération .. , Paris, Rémont, 1764
  • Traité de médecine théorique & pratique , Paris, Ruault, 1774

literature

  • Joseph Jaques de Gardane: Eloge historique de M. Théophile de Bordeu. - Paris 1777 (digitized version)
  • Roussel. Eloge historique de M. Théophile de Bordeu. - Paris 1778 (digitized)
  • Dictionnaire des sciences médicales. Biography médicale . Tome 2. Paris, Panckoucke , 1820, pp. 387–402 (digitized version )
  • Jean Baptiste Isidore Bourdon, Illustres médecins et naturalistes des temps modern , Paris, Comptoir des Imprimeurs-Unis, 1844.
  • Heinrich Haeser . Théophile de Bordeu. In: Ernst Julius Gurlt and August Hirsch . Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples. Volume I, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna and Leipzig 1884; P. 527-528 (digitized version )
  • Max Neuburger . Théophile de Bordeu (1722–1776) as a forerunner of the doctrine of internal secretion . In: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift , Vol. 24 (1911), No. 39 (digitized version)
  • Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Bordeu, Théophile de. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 200.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Family genealogy
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Klaus Dörner : Citizens and Irre . On the social history and sociology of science in psychiatry. (1969) Fischer Taschenbuch, Bücher des Wissens, Frankfurt / M 1975, ISBN 3-436-02101-6 ; (a) to district “Badeleben”; (b) on tax office “Teacher Pinels after 1773”, page 152; (cd) to cover “Vitalism of the Montpellier School” pages 121 f., 152; (e) on Stw. “Approaches to natural philosophy and especially humoral theory”, pages 122, 134; (f) re. “Basic forces” on page 122; (g) Re. “Encyclopedic activity”, page 121
  3. ^ Directory of members since 1666: letter B. Académie des sciences, accessed on September 23, 2019 (French).
  4. ^ Otto Westphal , Theodor Wieland , Heinrich Huebschmann: life regulator. Of hormones, vitamins, ferments and other active ingredients. Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1941 (= Frankfurter Bücher. Research and Life. Volume 1), in particular pp. 9–35 ( History of hormone research ), here: p. 10.
  5. ^ Théophile de Bordeu: Analysis medicinale du sang. Montpellier 1775.
  6. ↑ Science Photo Library on Google.de
  7. ↑ Théophile de Bordeu on Personenlexikon.net
  8. ↑ Bodamer, Joachim : On the phenomenology of the historical spirit in psychiatry . Neurologist 19: 303 (1948)
personal data
SURNAME Bordeu, Théophile de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bourdeu, Théophile de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French doctor
DATE OF BIRTH February 22, 1722
PLACE OF BIRTH Izeste
DATE OF DEATH November 23, 1776
Place of death Bagneres-de-Bigorre