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Lethbridge

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For other uses, see the city in Alberta, Canada.
City of Lethbridge
Downtown Lethbridge as seen on 4 Avenue south facing west
Downtown Lethbridge as seen on 4 Avenue south facing west
Flag of City of Lethbridge
Flag
Coat of arms of City of Lethbridge
Coat of arms
Country Canada
Province Alberta
RegionSouthern Alberta
Census division2
Incorporated1906
Government
 • MayorRobert D. Tarleck
(Past mayors)
 • Governing bodyLethbridge City Council
 • MPRick Casson (Cons.)
 • MLAsClint Dunford (P.C.),
Bridget Pastoor (Lib.)
 • City ManagerBryan Horrocks
Area
 • City127.19 km2 (49.11 sq mi)
 • Metro
2,975.59 km2 (1,148.88 sq mi)
Elevation
910 m (2,990 ft)
Population
 (2007)
 • City81,692
 • Rank46th
 • Density607.0/km2 (1,572/sq mi)
 • Metro
95,196
 • Metro density32/km2 (82.86/sq mi)
Postal code span
T1H to T1K
Area code403
HighwaysHighway 3, 4, 5, 25
WaterwaysOldman River
WebsiteCity of Lethbridge

Lethbridge is a city in the province of Alberta, Canada, and the largest city in southern Alberta. It is Alberta's fourth largest city by population after Calgary, Edmonton, and Red Deer and the third largest in area after Calgary and Edmonton. The nearby Canadian Rockies contribute to the city's cool summers, mild winters, and windy climate. Lethbridge lies southeast of Calgary on the Oldman River.

Lethbridge is the commercial, financial, transportation and industrial centre of southern Alberta. The city's economy developed from drift mining for coal in the late 19th century and agriculture in the early 20th century. Half of the economy is in health, education, retail and hospitality, and the top five employers are government-based. The only university in Alberta south of Calgary is in Lethbridge, and two of the three colleges in southern Alberta have campuses in the city. Cultural venues in the city include performing art theatres, museums and sports centres.

History

Main article: History of Lethbridge

Before the 19th century, the Lethbridge area was populated by several First Nations at various times. The Blackfoot referred to the area as Aksaysim ("steep banks"), Mek-kio-towaghs ("painted rock"), Assini-etomochi ("where we slaughtered the Cree") and Sik-ooh-kotok ("coal"). The Sarcee referred to it as Chadish-kashi ("black/rocks"), the Cree as Kuskusukisay-guni ("black/rocks"), and the Nakoda (Stoney) as Ipubin-saba-akabin ("digging coal").

After the US Army stopped alcohol trading with the Blackfeet Nation in Montana in 1869, traders John J. Healy and Alfred B. Hamilton started a whiskey trading post at Fort Hamilton, near the future site of Lethbridge. The post's nickname became Fort Whoop-Up.[1] The whiskey trade led to the Cypress Hills massacre of many native Assiniboine in 1873. The North West Mounted Police, sent to stop the trade and establish order,[1] arrived at Fort Whoop-Up on 9 October 1874. They managed the post for the next 12 years.[1]

Lethbridge's economy developed from drift mines opened by Nicholas Sheran in 1874 and the North Western Coal and Navigation Company in 1882. North Western's president was William Lethbridge, from whom the city derives its name.[2] By the 20th century, the mines employed about 150 men and produced about 300 tonnes of coal each day.[1] By the time production peaked during World War I, local collieries were the largest coal producers in the Northwest Territories.[3] After the war, increasing oil and natural gas production gradually replaced coal production,[1] and the last mine in Lethbridge closed in 1957.

The first rail line in Lethbridge was opened on 28 August 1885 by the Alberta Railway and Coal Company,[1] which bought the North Western Coal and Navigation Company five years later.[4] The rail industry's dependence on coal and the Canadian Pacific Railway's efforts to settle southern Alberta with immigrants boosted the economy of Lethbridge. After the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) moved the divisional point of its Crowsnest Line from Fort Macleod to Lethbridge in 1905, the city became the regional centre for Southern Alberta.[1] In the mid-1980s, the CPR moved its rail yards in downtown Lethbridge to nearby Kipp, and Lethbridge ceased to be a rail hub.[5]

Between 1907 and 1913, a development boom occurred in Lethbridge, making it the main marketing, distribution and service centre in southern Alberta.[1] Such municipal projects as a water treatment plant, a power plant, a streetcar system, and exhibition buildings — as well as a construction boom and rising real estate prices — transformed the mining town into a significant city.[1] Between World War I and World War II, however, the city experienced an economic slump. Development slowed, drought drove farmers from their farms, and coal mining rapidly declined from its peak.[1] After World War II, irrigation of farmland near Lethbridge led to growth in the city's population and economy. Lethbridge College (previously Lethbridge Community College) opened in April 1957 and the University of Lethbridge in 1967.[1]

Government

Lethbridge City Hall
See also: Lethbridge City Council

Eight aldermen and a mayor make up the Lethbridge City Council.[6] City voters elect a new government every three years, in October. Lethbridge does not have a ward system, so voters choose all eight aldermen.[6] The City of Lethbridge has an operating budget of C$200 million, more than half of which comes from property tax.[7] One Member of Parliament (MP) representing Lethbridge sits in the House of Commons in Ottawa, and two members of Alberta's legislative assembly (MLAs), representing Lethbridge East and Lethbridge West, sit in the legislative assembly in Edmonton.

Traditionally, political leanings in Lethbridge have been right-wing. Federally, from 1917 to 1930, Lethbridge voters switched between various federal parties,[8] but from 1935 to 1957, they voted Social Credit in each election.[8] Progressive Conservatives held office from 1958 until 1993, when the Reform Party of Canada took power.[8][9][10] The Reform party and its various subsequent incarnations have dominated the polls since.[10]

Geography and climate

See also: List of neighbourhoods in Lethbridge
Map of southern Alberta

The city of Lethbridge is located at degrees 49.7° north latitude and 112.833° west longitude and covers an area of Template:Km2 to mi2. The city is divided by the Oldman River; its valley has been turned into one of the largest urban park systems in North America at 1,600 hectares (4,000 ac) of protected land.[11] The city is Alberta's fourth largest by population after Calgary, Edmonton, and Red Deer. It is the third largest in area after Calgary and Edmonton and is near the Canadian Rockies, 210 kilometres (130 miles) southeast of Calgary.

Map of Lethbridge

Lethbridge is split into three geographical areas: north, south and west. The Oldman River separates West Lethbridge from the other two while the Crowsnest Highway and the Canadian Pacific Railway rail line separate North and South Lethbridge.[12] The newest of the three areas, West Lethbridge (pop. 27,154)[13] is home to the University of Lethbridge. Much of the city's recent growth has been on the west side, and it has the youngest median age of the three. The north side (pop. 23,241)[13] was originally populated by workers from local coal mines. It has the oldest population of the three areas, is home to multiple industrial parks and includes the former town of Hardieville, which was annexed by Lethbridge in 1978.[14][15] South Lethbridge (pop. 28,318)[13] is the commercial heart of the city. It contains the downtown core, the bulk of retail and hospitality establishments, and the Lethbridge College.

Climate

Lethbridge has a moderate continental climate with an average maximum temperature of 12.3 °C (54.14 °F) and an average minimum temperature of -1 °C (30.2 °F). With an average precipitation of 386.3 millimetres (15.21 in), Lethbridge is the second driest city in Canada.[16] An average wind speed of 18.20 km/h (11.31 mph) places Lethbridge second in the country for the most windy days of 40 km/h (25 mph) or more.[16]

Its high elevation of 929 metres (3,048 ft) and close proximity to the Rocky Mountains provides Lethbridge with cooler summers than other locations in the Canadian prairies.[17] These factors protect the city from strong northwest and southwest winds and contribute to frequent chinooks during the winter. Lethbridge winters have the highest temperatures in the prairies, reducing the severity and duration of winter cold periods and resulting in fewer days with snow cover.[18] Lethbridge's winter climate is similar to that of Calgary, which has a 59 percent chance of a "white Christmas" (more than two centimetres of snow) and 4 percent chance of a "perfect Christmas" (snow in the air and at least two centimetres of snow on the ground).[19]

Weather averages

Month Record
Low (°C) 		Average
Low (°C) 		Average
Temp (°C) 		Average
High (°C) 		Record
High (°C) 		Average
Rainfall (mm) 		Average
Snow (cm)
January -42.8 (Jan 3, 1950) -13.8 -7.8 -1.8 16.7 (Jan 19, 1944) 0.1 21.9
February -42.2 (Feb 9, 1939) -10.7 -4.6 1.5 21.8 (Feb 27, 1992) 0.4 13.5
March -38.0 (Mar 8, 2002) -6.5 -0.2 6.0 26.8 (Mar 30, 2004) 1.4 25.5
April -25.6 (Apr 11, 1940) -0.9 6.0 12.9 31.1 (Apr 28, 1939) 16.1 16.3
May -11.7 (May 1, 1954) -4.2 11.3 18.2 34.2 (May 30, 1986) 49.4 4.0
June -1.7 (Jun 1, 1951) 8.6 15.5 22.3 38.3 (Jun 23, 1941) 63.0 0.0
July 0.9 (Jul 16, 1999) 10.5 18.0 25.5 39.4 (Jul 10, 1973) 47.5 0.0
August -1.0 (Aug 25, 1992) 10.0 17.7 25.4 38.9 (Aug 3, 2001) 45.1 0.8
September -9.4 (Sep 25, 1972) 5.1 12.6 20.1 36.7 (Sep 3, 1950) 37.6 2.1
October -26.7 (Oct 31, 1984) 0.0 7.0 14.0 31.7 (Oct 4, 1943) 8.8 10.4
November -34.7 (Nov 21, 1996) -7.2 -1.5 4.3 22.8 (Nov 6, 1949) 1.2 17.3
December -42.8 (Dec 29, 1968) -12.0 -6.2 -0.2 19.6 (Dec 30, 1984) 0.5 18.8
Year -42.8 (Dec 29, 1968) -1.76 5.65 12.35 39.4 (Jul 10, 1973) 271.1 130.6

Weather records

Type Record Date
Hottest temperature 39.4 °C (103 °F) July 10, 1973
Coldest temperature -42.8 °C (-45 °F) January 3, 1950
Hottest humidex 40.9 °C (106 °F) July 11, 2002
Coldest windchill -55.7 °C (-68 °F) December 28, 1968
Most rain in one day 85.4 mm (3.36 in) May 23, 1980
Most snow in one day 55.1 cm (21.7 in) September 21, 1968
Deepest snow cover 86.0 cm (34 in) April 30, 1967
Highest sustained wind 121 km/h (75 mph) November 19, 1962
Highest wind gust 171 km/h (106 mph) November 19, 1962
Highest solar radiation 17.4 RF4 July 14, 1975

Economy

Main article: Economy of Lethbridge

Lethbridge is southern Alberta's commercial, distribution, financial and industrial centre (although Medicine Hat plays a similar role in southeastern Alberta). It has a trading area population of 275,000, including parts of British Columbia and Montana,[17] and provides jobs for up to 80,000 people who commute to the city from a radius of 100 kilometres (60 mi).[17]

Lethbridge's economy has traditionally been agriculture-based; however, it has diversified in recent years. Half of the economy is in health, education, retail and hospitality,[20] and the top five employers are government-based.[21] Several national companies are based in Lethbridge. From its founding in 1935, Canadian Freightways based its head office there until moving operations to Calgary in 1948, though its call centre remains in Lethbridge.[22] Taco Time Canada was based in the city from 1978–1995 before moving to Calgary.[23] Minute Muffler, which began in 1969, is based in Lethbridge.[24] International shipping company H & R Transport has been based in the city since 1955.[25] Braman Furniture, which has locations in Manitoba and Ontario, has been headquartered in Lethbridge since 1991.[26]

Lethbridge serves as a hub for commercial activity in the region by providing services and amenities. Many transportation services, including Greyhound buses, four provincial highways, rail service and an airport, are concentrated in or near the city. In 2004, the police services of Lethbridge and Coaldale combined to form the Lethbridge Regional Police Service.[27] As well, the city provides municipal water to Coaldale, Coalhurst, Diamond City, Iron Springs, Shaughnessy and Turin.[28]

In 2002, the municipal government organized Economic Development Lethbridge, a body responsible for promoting and developing the city's commercial interests.[29] Two years later, the city joined in a partnership with 24 other local communities to create an economic development alliance called SouthGrow, representing a population of over 140,000.[30] In 2006, Economic Development Lethbridge partnered with SouthGrow Regional Initiative and Alberta SouthWest Regional Alliance to create the Southern Alberta Alternative Energy Partnership. This partnership promotes business related to alternative energy, including wind power, solar power and biofuel, in the region.[31] Economic Development Lethbridge won first place at the Economic Developers Association of Canada 2007 Marketing Canada Awards for its "County of Lethbridge Business Investment Profile 2007–2008".[32] In 2007, Site Selection magazine ranked Economic Development Lethbridge as fourth among Canadian economic development groups for volume of capital investment and job creation.[33]

Demographics

2001 distribution of ethnic population in Lethbridge
2001 distribution of religions in Lethbridge

The population of Lethbridge was 81,692 in 2007.[34] In 2006, the federal census reported a population of 74,637 in the city and 95,196 in the metropolitan area.[35] In 2001, Lethbridge had a predominantly white population; only one out of ten people were non-European.[20] Of those, over a third were aboriginal, most of whom came from the nearby Peigan and Kainai nations. Of the remaining 63 percent, Chinese and Japanese made up the largest portion at over 1,200 each.

The most commonly observed faith in Lethbridge is Christianity. According to the 2001 federal census,[20] 50,245 residents, representing 76 percent of respondents, indicated they were Christian. Twenty two percent of Lethbridgians reported no religious affiliation, which is higher than the national average of 16 percent. The percentage of residents reporting other religions amounted to nearly 2 percent, including Buddhists, Muslims, Hindus, Jews and Sikhs. While Statistics Canada reports no separate census numbers for Mormons, a subset of the Christians, an estimated 5,500 adherents of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and Community of Christ live in Lethbridge.[36] At 7 percent of the city's population, this is significantly higher than the national average of one half of one percent.

Culture

See also: Festivals in Lethbridge

Lethbridge was designated a Cultural Capital of Canada for the 2004–2005 season.[37] The Southern Alberta Ethnic Association (Multicultural Heritage Centre) promotes multiculturalism and ethnic heritage in the community.[38] The city is home to venues and organizations promoting the arts. Founded in 1957, the Allied Arts Council of Lethbridge is the largest organization in the city dedicated to preserving and enhancing the local arts.[39] Lethbridge has three major museum/galleries. The Southern Alberta Art Gallery is a contemporary gallery; the Bowman Arts Centre, administered by the Allied Arts Council, operates three galleries; and the University of Lethbridge Art Gallery displays work from its historical and contemporary art collection.[38]

The Lethbridge Symphony Orchestra has been performing in the city since 1960. It has produced spin-off music groups, the Lethbridge Musical Theatre and the Southern Alberta Chamber Orchestra.[40] Vox Musica is a community choir based at the University of Lethbridge and has been performing since 1984. Theatrical productions are presented by the University of Lethbridge's theatre department and the New West Theatre, which produces seven shows annually. New West Theatre performs at the Genevieve E. Yates Memorial Centre using its two theatres: the 500-seat proscenium Yates Theatre and the 180-seat black box Sterndale Bennet Theatre.[41]

Sports and recreation

Henderson Lake

Lethbridge has designated 16 percent of the land within city boundaries as parkland, including the 755 hectare (1,865 acre) Oldman River valley parks system.[42] It has facilities for field sports and baseball, a disc golf course, a skate park, a BMX track, a climbing wall, a dozen tennis courts, and seven pools. It is home to three golf courses, including the award-winning Paradise Canyon Golf Resort, and is within Template:Km to mi of several others.[38]

Built for the 1975 Canada Games, the ENMAX Centre is Lethbridge's multipurpose arena. The 6,500-seat facility has hosted concerts, three-ring circuses, multicultural events, national curling championships, basketball events, banquets, skating events and the Lethbridge Hurricanes, a major Western Hockey League franchise. The arena has a running track, racquetball and squash courts, and a full-size ice rink.[43] An outdoor sports field with capacity for 2,000  people is adjacent to the centre. In 1997, the 58,000 square foot Community Savings Place (formerly the Lethbridge Soccer Centre) was built directly south of the ENMAX Centre and added two regulation size indoor soccer pitches to the complex.[44]

Several winter sports venues are in or near Lethbridge. The city has six indoor ice arenas with a total ice area of 11,220 square metres (120,766 sq ft) and a total seating capacity of 8,149. Other than the ENMAX Centre, all ice surfaces are available from October to April only. Lethbridge is 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of the Castle Mountain ski resort.[38]

Current amateur teams
Team Sport League
Lethbridge Bulls Baseball Western Major Baseball League
Lethbridge Hurricanes Hockey Western Hockey League

Major attractions

High Level Bridge near downtown Lethbridge

The city, which began as a frontier town, has several historical attractions. The Lethbridge Viaduct, commonly known as the High Level Bridge, is a steel trestle bridge. It was completed in 1909 on what was then the city's western edge.[45] Indian Battle Park, in the coulees of the Oldman River, commemorates the last battle between the Cree and the Blackfoot First Nations in 1870.[46]

Fort Whoop-Up in Lethbridge

Originally known as Fort Hamilton, Fort Whoop-Up was a centre of illegal activities during the late 19th century. It was first built in 1869 by J.J. Healy and A.B. Hamilton as a whiskey post and was destroyed by fire a year later. A second, sturdier structure later replaced the fort.[47]

As the cultural centre of southern Alberta, Lethbridge has notable cultural attractions. Nikka Yuko Japanese Garden in south Lethbridge was opened in 1967 as part of a Canadian centennial celebration attended by Japan’s Prince and Princess Takamatsu.[48] Galt Museum & Archives is the largest museum in the Lethbridge area; the building housing the museum served as the city's main hospital during the late 19th century and early 20th centuries.[49]

Skyline of downtown Lethbridge

Several structures such as the post office are prominent on the skyline of Lethbridge. Less well-known than the High Level Bridge, the post office is one of the most distinctive buildings in Lethbridge. Built in 1912, the four-storey structure is crowned by a functioning clock tower.[50] Other prominent buildings include office towers; the water tower, which was originally built in 1958 and sold to a private developer who converted it into a restaurant;[51] and the Alberta Terminals grain elevators.

Education

The public Lethbridge School District and the separate Catholic Holy Spirit Division administer grades kindergarten through 12 locally. The Palliser School Division, which is based in Lethbridge, administers public primary and secondary education in the outlying areas. The Third Academy private school has a campus in Lethbridge.

Lethbridge is home to Lethbridge College, founded in 1957, and the University of Lethbridge, founded in 1967. Red Crow Community College has a campus in the city. During the 2003–2004 school year, the University of Lethbridge and the Lethbridge College had a combined enrolment of 14,000, which was 20 percent of the city's population.[52]

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Lethbridge

Mass transit in Lethbridge consists of 40 buses (with an average age of 10 years) operating on more than a dozen routes.[53] Traditionally, bus routes in the city started and ended downtown. In the early 21st century, however, Lethbridge Transit introduced cross-town and shuttle routes, such as University of Lethbridge to Lethbridge College, University of Lethbridge to the North Lethbridge terminal, and Lethbridge College to the North Lethbridge terminal. Several routes converge near the Chinook Regional Hospital, although it is not officially a terminal.

The Parks and Recreation department maintains the citywide, 30-kilometre (19 mi) pedestrian/cyclist Coal Banks Trail system (map). The system was designed to connect the Oldman River valley with other areas of the city, including Pavan Park in the north, Henderson Lake in the east, Highways 4 and 5 in the south and a loop in West Lethbridge (including University Drive and McMaster Blvd).[54]

Four provincial highways (3, 4, 5, and 25) run through or terminate in Lethbridge. This has led to the creation of major arterial roads, including Mayor Magrath Drive, University Drive and Scenic Drive. This infrastructure and its location on the CANAMEX Corridor has helped make Lethbridge and its freight depots a major shipping destination.[18] Lethbridge is 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of the United States border via Highways 4 and 5 and 210 kilometres (130 mi) south of Calgary via Highways 2 and 3. Highways 2, 3 and 4 form part of the CANAMEX trade route between Mexico, the United States, and Canada.[18]

Lethbridge is near the Lethbridge County Airport and the CPR rail yards in Kipp, Alberta. The rail yards were moved to Kipp, just west of the city, from downtown Lethbridge in 1983 to make way for commercial expansion.[55] The county airport provides commercial flights—to Calgary, Edmonton and other Alberta cities, and to Mexico—as well as private and charter flights elsewhere. The airport provides customs services for flights arriving from the United States.

Sister cities

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Greg Ellis (2001). "A Short History of Lethbridge, Alberta". Retrieved 2007-01-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ^ "Indian Battle Park". City of Lethbridge. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  3. ^ City of Lethbridge website
  4. ^ "Alberta Railway and Coal Company". Table of Private Acts (1867 to December 31, 2006), Railways. Department of Justice Canada. 2007-01-25. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  5. ^ "Executive Summary" (PDF). Highways 3 & 4, Lethbridge and Area NHS & NSTC, Functional Planning Study, #R - 970. Stantec Consulting Ltd. February 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  6. ^ a b "City Council". City of Lethbridge. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  7. ^ 2006–2008 Preliminary Operating Budget Overview, City of Lethbridge
  8. ^ a b c "LETHBRIDGE, Alberta (1914 - 1977)". History of Federal Ridings since 1867. Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  9. ^ "LETHBRIDGE--FOOTHILLS, Alberta (1977 - 1987)". History of Federal Ridings since 1867. Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  10. ^ a b "LETHBRIDGE, Alberta (1987 - )". History of Federal Ridings since 1867. Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  11. ^ "2007 National Fair Program Preview". Historica Fairs. Historica. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  12. ^ Ellis, Faron (November 2004). "Alberta Provincial Election Study" (PDF). Citizen-Society Research Lab. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  13. ^ a b c City of Lethbridge, "Lethbridge Census 2006 - City population up 1.96% per cent since 2005", 25 May 2006
  14. ^ "William Duncan Livingstone Hardie". Alberta Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2007-03-23.
  15. ^ "Hardieville/Legacy Ridge/Uplands Area Structure Plan" (PDF). UMA Engineering Ltd. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  16. ^ a b Weather Winners, Environment Canada. Accessed 26 December 2006.
  17. ^ a b c Business Investment Profile 2005/2006, Economic Development Lethbridge. 2005. Accessed 7 November 2006.
  18. ^ a b c Community Profile, Lethbridge Chamber of Commerce. Accessed 24 December 2006.
  19. ^ "Chance of a White Christmas". Environment Canada. 2002-12-11. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
  20. ^ a b c Lethbridge Community Profile Statistics Canada. 2002. 2001 Community Profiles. Released June 27, 2002. Last modified: 2006-12-14. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 93F0053XIE
  21. ^ Major employers of Lethbridge - 2005, Economic Development Lethbridge, accessed 2 August 2006
  22. ^ Company History, Canadian Freightways. Accessed 24 December 2006.
  23. ^ Company History, Taco Time Canada. Accessed 24 December 2006.
  24. ^ The First 30 Years, Minute Muffler & Brake. Accessed 24 December 2006.
  25. ^ Company History, H & R Transport. Accessed 24 December 2006.
  26. ^ Braman Furniture International, Canadian Company Capabilities, Industry Canada. Last Updated: 2005-11-09.
  27. ^ Police Commission, Lethbridge Regional Police Service. Accessed 24 December 2006.
  28. ^ "Pipeline Project Flows Along". Sunny South News. 14 March 2002.
  29. ^ About Economic Development Lethbridge. Accessed 24 December 2006.
  30. ^ Annual Report 2006, SouthGrow. 21 June 2006.
  31. ^ Southern Alberta Economic Development Organizations Partner to Launch Major Alternative Energy Initiative. Southern Alberta Alternative Energy Partnership news release. 6 November 2006.
  32. ^ "2007 Marketing Canada Awards" (PDF) (Press release). Economic Developers Association of Canada. 2007-09-17. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
  33. ^ "Lethbridge and Economic Development Lethbridge Ranked in the Top 10's of National Survey for Best to Invest Canada" (Press release). Economic Development Lethbridge. 2007-09-04. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
  34. ^ "City Population up 3.78 per cent since 2006". City of Lethbridge. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  35. ^ Lethbridge Community Profile Statistics Canada. 2007. 2006 Community Profiles. Released 13 March 2007. Last modified: 2007-03-13.
  36. ^ This figure is derived from counting the 18 LDS congregations in Lethbridge and multiplying by the average Mormon congregation membership of 300.
  37. ^ Cultural Capitals of Canada, Canadian Heritage. Accessed 24 December 2006.
  38. ^ a b c d "Recreation & Leisure". Choose Lethbridge. Economic Development Lethbridge. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  39. ^ "About Us". Allied Arts Council of Lethbridge. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  40. ^ Nelson, Margaret. "Lethbridge, Alta". Encyclopedia of Music in Canada. Historica. Retrieved 2007-02-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ "About Us". New West Theatre. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  42. ^ "Bikeways and Pathways Master Plan". City of Lethbridge. March 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-28. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ "ENMAX Centre". City of Lethbridge. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  44. ^ "Lethbridge Soccer Centre". City of Lethbridge. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  45. ^ "High Level Bridge". City of Lethbridge. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  46. ^ "Lethbridge". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  47. ^ Allen, Robert. "Fort Whoop-Up". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  48. ^ Neugebauer, Dierk (January 2003). "Nikka Yuko - A Special Place". The Journal. Toronto Bonsai Society. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  49. ^ "Our History". Galt Museum & Archives. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  50. ^ "Buildings". City of Lethbridge. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  51. ^ "Landmarks". City of Lethbridge. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  52. ^ Lethbridge Profile, 2003–2004, City of Lethbridge
  53. ^ Mabell, Dave (2006-09-09). "Richard keeps the city's buses on the road". Lethbridge Herald. p. A4. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  54. ^ "Coal Banks Trail". City of Lethbridge. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  55. ^ Coalhurst, Alberta : History, The Virtual Crowsnest Highway. Accessed 26 December 2006.

External links


49°41′39.0″N 112°49′58.3″W / 49.694167°N 112.832861°W / 49.694167; -112.832861

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lethbridge&oldid=167248411"