Gunsel

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Gunsel
Geneva Gunsel (Ajuga genevensis)

Geneva Gunsel ( Ajuga genevensis )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Ajugoideae
Genre : Gunsel
Scientific name
Ajuga
L.

Günsel ( Ajuga ) of medium high German Gunsel , is a genus within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae). The approximately 65 species are mainly distributed in Eurasia and North Africa.

description

Illustration of the Pyramiden Günsel ( Ajuga pyramidalis )

Vegetative characteristics

In Ajuga TYPES is one- or two-year or perennial herbaceous plants rarely, also shrubs , with most species remain rather small (up to several decimeters ). The opposite arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blade is undivided, rarely deeply lobed ( Ajuga chamaepitys ). The leaf margin is serrated or notched, rarely with almost the entire margin.

Generative characteristics

In most Ajuga species, the bracts of the whorls are similar to the leaves, but smaller and often differently colored. The transition can be gradual, but it can also be sudden. In a few species, the bracts are also larger than the leaves.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The corolla is purple to blue, with a few species also white, yellow, pink or red. Similar to the germander , the crown here appears to be single-lipped. However, the flat and very short upper lip is only slightly split into two short lobes. The much larger lower lip is three-lobed, with the middle lobe being significantly larger and, in many species, more or less deeply heart-shaped at the front. The crown does not fall off after flowering, but remains until the fruit is ripe.

There are Klaus fruits formed, which fall into four part-seeded fruit (Klausen). The partial fruits are obovate with an areole on 1/2 to 2/3 of their length. The partial fruits have an elaiosome .

Systematics and distribution

Ajuga australis
Ajuga boninsimae
Yellow Gunsel ( Ajuga chamaepitys )
Ajuga decumbens
Geneva Gunsel ( Ajuga genevensis )
Mediterranean Gunsel ( Ajuga iva )
Ajuga laxmannii
Ajuga multiflora
Ajuga nipponensis
Ajuga orientalis
Pyramiden Günsel ( Ajuga pyramidalis )
Creeping Gunsel ( Ajuga reptans )
Ajuga vestita
Ajuga yesoensis

The genus Ajuga belongs to the subfamily of Ajugoideae within the family of Lamiaceae . The approximately 65 species of the genus Günsel ( Ajuga ) occur all over Eurasia as far as Japan and northern Africa , occasionally as far as central Africa, South Africa ( Ajuga ophrydis ) and Madagascar . The Middle East and the Himalayas are particularly rich in species . Two species come from Australia (one of them Ajuga australis ). Individual species are neophytes worldwide , for example the creeping günsel ( Ajuga reptans ). The following ten species occur in Europe: Yellow Günsel or Acker Günsel ( Ajuga chamaepitys ), Geneva Günsel ( Ajuga genevensis ), Mediterranean Günsel ( Ajuga iva }), Ajuga laxmannii , Ajuga orientalis , Ajuga piskoi , Pyramiden Günsel ( Ajuga pyramidalis ), Creeping Gunsel ( Ajuga reptans ), Ajuga salicifolia , Sicilian Gunsel ( Ajuga tenorei ).

There are around 65 species of Ajuga :

  • Ajuga × adulterina Wallr. (= Ajuga genevensis × Ajuga pyramidalis ): It occurs in Germany , Austria , the Czech Republic , France and in the former Yugoslavia .
  • Ajuga arabica P.H.Davis : The home is Saudi Arabia .
  • Ajuga australis R.Br. : The homeland is eastern and southern Australia .
  • Ajuga austroiranica Rech. F. : The homeland is Iraq and Iran .
  • Ajuga × bastarda Makino (= Ajuga decumbens × Ajuga jesoensis ): It occurs in Japan.
  • Ajuga bombycina Boiss. : It occurs on islands in the Aegean Sea and in southern Turkey .
  • Ajuga boninsimae Maxim. : This endemic occurs only on the Japanese Ogasawara Islands south of Honshu .
  • Ajuga × borbasiana (Rouy) Prain (= Ajuga pyramidalis × Ajuga reptans ): It occurs in Austria and France.
  • Ajuga brachystemon Maxim. : The homeland is the north Indian Uttarakhand and Nepal .
  • Ajuga campylantha Diels : It thrives in alpine areas in rhododendron thickets, pine forests and on pastures at altitudes of 2800 to 3500 meters only in the Chinese province of Yunnan . It is used as a medicinal plant.
  • Ajuga campylanthoides C.Y.Wu & C.Chen : There are two varieties:
    • Ajuga campylanthoides var. Campylanthoides : It thrives on grassy slopes at altitudes of 2200 to 2800 meters in the autonomous region of Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.
    • Ajuga campylanthoides var. Subacaulis C.Y.Wu & C.Chen : It thrives on grasslands on sandy, stony soils and along running waters at altitudes of 2000 to 2600 meters in the Chinese province of Gansu .
  • Ajuga chamaecistus Went. ex Benth. : There are six subspecies and two varieties:
    • Ajuga chamaecistus var. Bachtiarica Jamzad : It was first described from Iran in 2012 .
    • Ajuga chamaecistus subsp. bamianica Rech. f. : It was first described from Afghanistan in 1982 .
    • Ajuga chamaecistus Went. ex Benth. subsp. chamaecistus : It occurs in Iran.
    • Ajuga chamaecistus subsp. euphrasioides (Boiss.) Rech.f. : It occurs in Iran.
    • Ajuga chamaecistus var. Heterophylla Jamzad : It was first described from Iran in 2012.
    • Ajuga chamaecistus subsp. multisecta (Rech. f.) Rech. f. : It occurs in Afghanistan.
    • Ajuga chamaecistus subsp. scoparia (Boiss.) Rech. f. : It occurs in Iran.
    • Ajuga chamaecistus subsp. tomentella (Boiss.) Rech. f. : It occurs in Iran.
  • Yellow Günsel or Acker-Günsel ( Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. ): It is distributed in at least 14 subspecies in Western Europe and in the entire Mediterranean area to Central Asia.
  • Ajuga chasmophila P.H.Davis : The home is Syria .
  • Ajuga ciliata Bunge : There are six varieties:
    • Ajuga ciliata var. Chanetii (H.Lév. & Vaniot) CYWu & C.Chen : It thrives at altitudes of around 1800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei and Shaanxi .
    • Ajuga ciliata Bunge var. Ciliata : It occurs in Korea and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shandong , Shanxi , Sichuan and Zhejiang .
    • Ajuga ciliata var. Glabrescens Hemsl. : It thrives on grassy slopes and in forests at altitudes of 1100 to 2500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan.
    • Ajuga ciliata var. Hirta C.Y.Wu & C.Chen : It thrives in forests at altitudes of around 2000 meters in Sichuan.
    • Ajuga ciliata var. Ovatisepala C.Y.Wu & C.Chen : It thrives on grassy locations at altitudes of around 2500 meters in Sichuan.
    • Ajuga ciliata var. Villosior A.Gray ex Nakai : It occurs on the Japanese islands of Hokkaido , Honshu and Kyushu .
  • Ajuga davisiana Kit Tan & Yildiz : The home is Turkey .
  • Ajuga decaryana Danguy ex RAClement : The home is Madagascar .
  • Ajuga decumbens Thunb. : There are two varieties:
    • Ajuga decumbens var. Decumbens : It is widespread in large parts of China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan.
    • Ajuga decumbens var. Oblancifolia C.Y.Wu & S.Chow : It thrives in humid locations in bamboo forests and on roadsides at altitudes of 1500 to 2300 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou and Sichuan.
  • Ajuga dictyocarpa Hayata : The range extends from the Nansei Islands and Taiwan to Vietnam .
  • Ajuga fauriei H.Lév. & Vaniot : The home is Korea .
  • Ajuga flaccida Baker : The home is Madagascar .
  • Ajuga forrestii Diels : It iswidespreadfrom Nepal to the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet .
  • Geneva Günsel ( Ajuga genevensis L. ): The range extends from Europe to the Caucasus .
  • Ajuga grandiflora Stapf : The home is southern Australia.
  • Ajuga × hybrida A. Kern. (= Ajuga genevensis × Ajuga reptans ): It occurs in Europe.
  • Ajuga incisia Maxim. : This endemic occurs on the Japanese island of Honshu only in the districts of Kanoto and Chubu .
  • Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. : The distribution area extends from tropical Africa to New Guinea .
  • Mediterranean Günsel ( Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb. ): The distribution area includes the Mediterranean and Macaronesia .
  • Ajuga japonica Miq. : It thrives on mountains on the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu.
  • Ajuga laxmannii (Murray) Benth. : It iswidespreadfrom southeastern Slovakia to the North Caucasus .
  • Ajuga leucantha Lukhoba : It is distributed from Ethiopia to western Uganda .
  • Ajuga linearifolia Pamp. : It thrives on dry grass slopes and in gorges at altitudes of 700 to 900 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hebei , Hubei , Liaoning , Shaanxi and Shanxi .
  • Ajuga lobata D.Don : The range extends from Nepal to Tibet and Yunnan.
  • Ajuga lupulina Maxim. : There are two varieties:
    • Ajuga lupulina var. Lupulina : It occurs in Nepal, Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai, Shanxi and Sichuan.
    • Ajuga lupulina var. Major Diels : It thrives at altitudes of 2800 to 4200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Ajuga macrosperma Wall. ex Benth. : There are two varieties:
    • Ajuga macrosperma var. Macrosperma : It occurs in Bhutan , Nepal, Laos , Myanmar , Thailand , Vietnam , Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan.
    • Ajuga macrosperma var. Thomsonii (Maxim.) Hook. f. : It occurs in the eastern Himalayas in India and in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
  • Ajuga makinoi Nakai : This endemic occurs only on the Japanese island of Honshu .
  • Ajuga × mixta Makino (= Ajuga decumbens × Ajuga nipponensis ): It occurs in Japan.
  • Ajuga mollis Gladkova : This endemic was first described in 1974 and only occurs in eastern Crimea .
  • Ajuga multiflora Bunge : There are two varieties:
    • Ajuga multiflora var. Multiflora : It occurs from south-eastern Siberia to China, Korea and Russia's Far East.
    • Ajuga multiflora var. Serotina Kitag. : It occurs only in the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang and Liaoning .
  • Ajuga nipponensis Makino : The range extends from East Asia and China to Vietnam.
  • Ajuga novoguineensis A.J.Paton & RJJohns : The home is western New Guinea .
  • Ajuga nubigena Diels : It thrives at altitudes of 2500 to 4800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet.
  • Ajuga oblongata M.Bieb. : The distribution area is the eastern Caucasus and northern Iraq.
  • Ajuga oocephala Baker : The home is Madagascar.
  • Ajuga ophrydis Burch. ex Benth. : The distribution area is southern Africa .
  • Ajuga orientalis L .: It is distributed from Sardinia to northwestern Iran .
  • Ajuga ovalifolia Bureau & Franch. : It thrives on grassy slopes and in thickets at altitudes of 2800 to 3700 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Gansu and Sichuan.
  • Ajuga pantantha Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives on dry slopes in low grass at altitudes of 2400 to 2700 meters only in the Chinese province of Yunnan. It is used as a medicinal plant.
  • Ajuga parviflora Benth. : The distribution area extends from eastern Afghanistan to the Himalayas.
  • Ajuga piskoi sword & soon. : It occurs only in southeastern Albania near Leskovik and on Lake Ohrid in Macedonia .
  • Ajuga postii Briq. : The home is southern Turkey.
  • Ajuga × pseudopyramidalis Schur (= Ajuga pyramidalis × Ajuga reptans , Syn .: Ajuga × rotundifolia Willk. & Cutanda ex Willk. ): It occurs in Europe.
  • Ajuga pygmaea A.Gray : The range extends from Japan and Taiwan to China.
  • Pyramiden-Günsel ( Ajuga pyramidalis L. ): There are two subspecies:
    • Ajuga pyramidalis subsp. meonantha (Hoffmanns. & Link) Fern.Casas : It occurs only from southwestern France to the northern Iberian Peninsula.
    • Ajuga pyramidalis L. subsp. pyramidalis : It is widespread in Europe.
  • Ajuga relicta P.H.Davis : The home is Turkey.
  • Creeping Gunsel ( Ajuga reptans L. ): It is distributed from Europe to Iran and northwestern Africa.
  • Ajuga robusta Baker : The home is Madagascar.
  • Ajuga salicifolia (L.) Schreb. : It occurs from Bulgaria to Turkey.
  • Ajuga saxicola Assadi & Jamzad : The homeland is Iran.
  • Ajuga sciaphila W.W.Sm. : It thrives on grassy slopes, on moist banks of flowing waters in pine forests and in laurel forests at altitudes of 2500 to 3700 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan .
  • Ajuga shikotanensis Miyabe & Tatew. : It occurs only on the islands of Japanese Honshu and southern Kuril Islands .
  • Ajuga sinuata R.Br. : The home is eastern Australia.
  • Ajuga spectabilis Nakai : The home is Korea.
  • Ajuga taiwanensis Nakai ex Murata : The range extends from Taiwan and the Nansei Islands to the Philippines .
  • Sicilian Gunsel ( Ajuga tenorei C.Presl ): It occurs only in central and southern Italy and in Sicily .
  • Ajuga turkestanica (rule) Briq. : It occurs in Tajikistan .
  • Ajuga vesiculifera Herder : It occurs in Kyrgyzstan .
  • Ajuga vestita Boiss. : It occurs from southeastern Turkey to northern Iraq.
  • Ajuga xylorrhiza Kit Tan : It occurs only in east-central Turkey.
  • Ajuga yesoensis Maxim. ex franch. & Sav. : There are two varieties:
    • Ajuga yesoensis var. Tsukubana Nakai : It occurs on the Japanese islands of Honshu and Shikoku.
    • Ajuga yesoensis Maxim. ex franch. & Sav. var. yesoensis : It occurs on the Japanese islands of Hokkaido , Honshu and northern Kyushu.
  • Ajuga zakhoensis Rech. F. : It occurs only in northern Iraq.

use

For example, some varieties of the creeping günsel ( Ajuga reptans ) are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.

swell

literature

  • Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 14th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
  • Peter William Ball: Ajuga L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 128–129 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Ajuga. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 17 : Verbenaceae through Solanaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X , pp. 63 (English, online ).
  • Werner Greuter, Hervé-Maurice Burdet, Guy Long (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 3: Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae - Labiatae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1986, ISBN 2-8277-0153-7 , p. 276-279 ( online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Ajuga. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 17 : Verbenaceae through Solanaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X , pp. 63 (English, online ).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Ajuga. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  3. ↑ Antonio Scrugli, Luigi Mossa, Maria Pia Grasso: Ajuga orientalis L. (Labiatae) per la nuova flora di Sardegna. Considerazioni fitogeografiche. In: Candollea. Volume 38, No. 1, 1983, ISSN  0373-2967 , pp. 125-129.
  4. ↑ Volker Hellmann, Siegmund Seybold: Ajuga piskoi (Labiatae) - new for Yugoslavia. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. Volume 135, No. 3-4, 1980, pp. 295-297, doi: 10.1007 / BF00983193 .

Web links

Commons : Günsel ( Ajuga )  - collection of images, videos and audio files