Man shield

Man shield
Eyelash man's shield ( Androsace chamaejasme )
Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons Asterids Order : Heather-like (Ericales) Family : Primrose Family (Primulaceae) Subfamily : Primuloideae Genre : Man shield
Scientific name
Androsace
L.

The plant genus Mannsschild ( Androsace , emphasis on the o ) belongs to the family of the Primrose family (Primulaceae). This genus includes at least 125 species from the cooler regions of the northern hemisphere . The Mannsschild species also include, for example, the Swiss Mannsschild , which is one of the most typical plant species in the Alps .

description

Illustration by Androsace hausmanni in Atlas of the Alpine flora

Appearance and leaves

Androsace species are annual, biennial or perennial herbaceous plants . Most species are stemless (acaulescent), so the leaves are usually in basal rosettes; if there are leaves on the stem, then they are arranged alternately. The simple leaves are stalked or sessile.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are seldom solitary, usually in dold-like inflorescences with bracts . The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are bell-shaped to hemispherical fused. The five white, pink, purple, dark red or rarely yellow petals are fused tubular. The crown is at most the same length as the chalice. There is only one circle with five fertile stamens ; they do not protrude from the crown because the stamens are very short. The stylus is also shorter than the corolla tube.

Fruits and seeds

The egg-shaped to spherical capsule fruits open near their base and contain few to many seeds. The brown seeds are winged.

Systematics and distribution

Distribution area

Androsace alaskana

Alpine man's shield ( Androsace alpina )

Androsace brachystegia

The cushion -forming species Androsace bryomorpha with solitary, only short-stalked flowers

Androsace chaixii

Androsace ciliata

Cylindrical man's shield ( Androsace cylindrica )

Ball-bearing man's shield ( Androsace globifera )

Androsace laevigata

Acker-Mannsschild ( Androsace maxima )

Androsace minor

Androsace mucronifolia

Androsace muscoidea

Androsace nivalis

Gold primrose ( Androsace primuliflora )

Androsace pyrenaica

Androsace robusta subsp. purpurea

Chinese man's shield ( Androsace sarmentosa )

Student man shield ( Androsace studiosorum )

Androsace wallpaper

Androsace tibetica

Shaggy man's shield ( Androsace villosa )

Wolfen's man's shield ( Androsace wulfeniana )

The genus Androsace was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 141. Synonyms for Androsace L. are: Aretia L. , Douglasia Lindl. , Vitaliana Sesl. , Gregoria Duby . The botanical name comes from the Greek andros for man and sakos for shield, it was only transferred from an algae to this plant genus in the 16th century.

The genus Androsace belongs to the subfamily Primuloideae within the Primulaceae family .

The former 100 and now at least 125 Androsace species are mainly found in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere . There are about 73 species in China . About 24 species are found in Pakistan . There are only about five species in North America .

There are 100 to 125 species of Androsace :

• Androsace adenocephala Hand .-- Mazz. : This endemic thrives on southern alpine slopes at altitudes of around 3600 meters only in eastern Tibet .
• Androsace adfinis Biroli : It occurs in Spain , France and Italy .
• Androsace aflatunensis Ovcz.
• Androsace aizoon Duby : It occurs in India , Pakistan , Kashmir and in western Tibet.
• Androsace akbaitalensis Derganc ex O.Fedtsch.
• Androsace alaica Ovcz. & SBAstan.
• Androsace alaschanica Maxim. : The two varieties thrive at altitudes of 1500 to 4500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Nei Mongol , Ningxia and southern Qinghai .
• Androsace alaskana Coville & Standl. ex Hultén
• Androsace albana Steven
• Lady's mantle man's shield ( Androsace alchemilloides Franch. ): It thrives at altitudes of 3000 to 4000 meters only in northwestern Yunnan .
• Alpine man's shield ( Androsace alpina (L.) Lam. )
• Androsace americana Wendelbo
• Androsace amurensis Prob.
• Androsace apus Franch. ex R. Knuth
• Androsace × aretioides A. Kern.
• Androsace armeniaca Duby
• Androsace axillaris (Franch.) Franch. : It occurs in Thailand , southwest Sichuan and Yunnan.
• Androsace baltistanica Y.J.Nasir
• Androsace beringensis (S.Kelso, Jurtzev & DFMurray) Cubey
• Androsace bidentata K. Koch : It occurs in Europe in the Crimea.
• Androsace bisulca Bureau & Franch. : It occurs in two varieties in Sichuan and in eastern Tibet at altitudes of 3100 to 4500 meters.
• Androsace brachystegia Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives at altitudes of 4,000 to 4,600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Qinghai and northwestern Sichuan.
• Androsace brahmaputrae hand.-Mazz.
• Short-stemmed man's shield , Charpentier's man's shield ( Androsace brevis (Hegetschw.) Ces. )
• Cottian man's shield ( Androsace brigantiaca Jord. & Fourr. )
• Androsace bryomorpha Lipsky
• Androsace bulleyana Forrest : It thrives at altitudes of 1,800 to 3,200 meters only in northwestern Yunnan.
• Androsace caduca Ovcz.
• Androsace caespitosa clay. ex explos.
• Androsace cantabrica (Losa & P.Monts.) Kress (Syn .: Androsace carnea var. Cantabrica Losa & P. ​​Monts. ): It occurs in Spain .
• Flesh red man's shield ( Androsace carnea L. )
• Androsace cernuiflora Y.C.Yang & RFHuang : It only thrives at altitudes of 3700 to 4000 meters in southern Qinghai .
• Androsace chaixii Gren. & Godr. : It only occurs in France .
• Lashed man's shield ( Androsace chamaejasme Wulfen )
• Androsace ciliata DC. : It occurs in Spain and France.
• Androsace ciliifolia Ludlow : It occurs in Nepal and southern Tibet.
• Androsace cinerascens B.L.Rob.
• Androsace constancei Wendelbo
• Androsace cordifolia Wall.
• Androsace coronata (Watt) Hand.-Mazz. : It only thrives in western Tibet at altitudes of 4800 to 5100 meters.
• Androsace cortusifolia Nakai
• Androsace croftii Watt : It occurs in Nepal, Sikkim and southern Tibet.
• Androsace cuscutiformis Franch. : It thrives at altitudes of 1500 to 2000 meters in southeast Shaanxi and eastern Sichuan.
• Androsace cuttingii C.EC fish. : It thrives at altitudes between 4000 and 4500 meters in eastern and southern Tibet.
• Cylindrical man's shield ( Androsace cylindrica DC. ): It occurs in Spain, France and the Balearic Islands .
• Androsace darvasica Ovcz.
• Androsace Delavayi Franch. : It occurs in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, Myanmar , in southeastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of southwestern Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
• Androsace dielsiana R. Knuth
• Androsace dissecta (Franch.) Franch. : It thrives at altitudes of 2800 to 3500 meters in southwest Sichuan and northwest Yunnan.
• Androsace diversifolia C.Y.Wu
• Androsace duthieana R. Knuth
• Androsace elatior Pax & K.Hoffm. : It thrives at altitudes of 3500 to 4200 meters in northeastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of southern Qinghai and northwestern Sichuan.
• Long-handled man's shield , steppe man's shield or extended man's shield ( Androsace elongata L. )
• Androsace engleri R.Knuth : This endemic occurs only in Huxian Xian, southern Shaanxi .
• Androsace erecta Maxim. : It occurs in Nepal, Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan.
• Androsace eritrichioides Gand.
• Androsace × escheri Bruges
• Androsace euryantha Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives at altitudes of 4,000 to 4,500 meters in northern and western Yunnan.
• Androsace exscapa (Turcz.) Maximova
• Androsace fedtschenkoi Ovcz.
• Threaded man's shield ( Androsace filiformis Retz. ): It occurs in Europe , North America , Russia , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan, Mongolia , Inner Mongolia Korea and the Chinese provinces in Heilongjiang , Jilin and the north Xinjiang before.
• Androsace flavescens Maxim. : It is at altitudes of 2900 to 3700 meters in southern Xinjiang and may also be found in Kashmir.
• Androsace foliosa Duby
• Androsace forrestiana Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives at altitudes of 3000 to 3600 meters in southeastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
• Androsace gagnepainiana Hand.-Mazz. : It occurs in Myanmar and northwestern Yunnan.
• Androsace geraniifolia Watt : It occurs in India, Bhutan, Sikkim and in Tibet.
• Ball-bearing man's shield ( Androsace globifera Duby ): It occurs in India, Sikkim, Bhutan, Nepal and in southwestern Tibet.
• Androsace globiferoides (Kunth) Hand.-Mazz.
• Androsace gmelinii (L.) Roem. & Schult. : It occurs in two varieties in Russia, in Mongolia, in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai and northwest Sichuan.
• Androsace gorodkovii Ovcz. & Karav.
• Androsace graceae Forrest ex WWSm. : It thrives at altitudes of 3800 to 4600 meters in southwest Sichuan and northwest Yunnan.
• Androsace gracilis Hand.-Mazz. : It occurs in central to northeastern Yunnan.
• Androsace graminifolia C.EC fish. : It thrives at altitudes of 3800 to 4700 meters in southern Tibet.
• Haller's man's shield ( Androsace halleri L. )
• Androsace trade-mazzettii Kress
• Androsace harrissii Duthie
• Dolomites-Mannsschild ( Androsace hausmannii Leyb. )
• Androsace hazarica R.R.Stewart ex YJNasir
• Balkan man's shield ( Androsace hedraeantha Griseb. ): It occurs in Serbia , Bulgaria , Albania and Macedonia .
• Androsace × heerii W.DJKoch
• Swiss man's shield ( Androsace helvetica (L.) All. )
• Androsace hemisphaerica Ludlow
• Androsace henryi oliv. : It occurs in two subspecies in Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, in southeastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of western Hubei, southern Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan.
• Androsace hohxilensis R.F. Huang & SKWu
• Androsace hookeriana Klatt : It occurs in Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim and in southern Tibet.
• Androsace hopeiensis Nakai
• Androsace × hybrida A. Kern.
• Androsace idahoensis (Douglass M.Hend.) Cubey : It is only found in Idaho .
• Androsace incana Lam. : It occurs in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and the Chinese provinces of northern Hebei, Shanxi and northern Xinjiang.
• Androsace integra (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives at altitudes of 2500 to 3000 meters in northeastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of southeastern Qinghai, western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
• Androsace intermedia Ledeb.
• Androsace jacquemontii Duby
• Androsace khokhrjakovii Mazurenko
• Androsace komovensis Schönsw. & Schneew.
• Androsace kouytchensis Bonati : This endemic occurs only in Longli Xian in central Guizhou.
• Androsace kuczerovii Knjaz.
• Androsace kuvajevii Mazurenko
• Milch-Mannsschild , Milchweisser Mannsschild ( Androsace lactea L. )
• Androsace laevigata (A. Gray) Wendelbo
• Androsace laggeri A.Huet : It occurs in Spain and Andorra .
• Androsace lanuginosa Wall.
• Androsace laxa C.M.Hu & YCYang : It thrives at altitudes of 2,700 to 3,600 meters in the Chinese provinces of western Hubei, southern Shanxi and eastern Sichuan.
• Androsace lehmanniana Spreng. : It occurs in western North America, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and northern Xinjiang.
• Androsace lehmannii Wall. ex Duby (Syn .: Androsace nepalensis Derganc. ): It occurs in northeastern India, Nepal, Sikkim and perhaps in Bhutan and thrives in Tibet at altitudes of 4400 to 4800 meters.
• Androsace limprichtii Pax & K. Hoffm. : It thrives at altitudes of 3800 to 4100 meters in Yunnan and western Sichuan.
• Androsace longifolia Turcz. : It occurs in Mongolia and China.
• Androsace lowariensis Y.J. Nasir
• Androsace ludlowiana Hand.-Mazz.
• Androsace mairei H.Lév. (Syn .: Androsace hookeriana var. Mairei (H.Lév.) Yang & Huang ): This endemic thrives on mountain slopes at altitudes of around 3100 meters only in Qiaojia Xian in eastern and northern Yunnan.
• Androsace mariae Kanitz : It thrives at altitudes of 1,300 to 4,000 meters in eastern Tibet, Inner Mongolia and the Chinese provinces of southern Gansu, eastern Qinghai and western Sichuan.
• Androsace × marpensis G.F.Sm.
• Apennine man's shield ( Androsace mathildae Levier , Syn .: Androsace alpina subsp. Apennina (A. Huet) Arcang. , Aretia alpina subsp. Brutia Nyman ): It occurs in Italy and in former Yugoslavia .
• Field man shield or giant man shield ( Androsace maxima L. )
• Androsace medifissa Y.L.Chen & YCYang : It only thrives at altitudes of 2300 to 2600 meters in northeastern Guizhou.
• Androsace minor (Hand.-Mazz.) CMHu & YCYang : It thrives at altitudes of 3600 to 4700 meters only in western Sichuan.
• Androsace mirabilis Franch. : This endemic thrives on the edges of mountain forests at altitudes of around 1200 meters only in Chengkou Xian in eastern Sichuan.
• Androsace mollis Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives at altitudes of 3200 to 4500 meters in southeastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
• Androsace montana (A.Gray) Wendelbo
• Androsace mucronifolia Watt
• Androsace multiscapa Duby : It occurs in Turkey and in the area of Lebanon and Syria .
• Androsace muscoidea Duby
• Androsace nivalis (Lindl.) Wendelbo
• Androsace nortonii Ludlow : It occurs in Nepal and southern Tibet.
• Stumpblatt-Mannsschild , Stumpblättriger Mannsschild ( Androsace obtusifolia All. )
• Androsace occidentalis Pursh
• Androsace ochotensis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
• Androsace ojhorensis Y.J.Nasir
• Androsace ovalifolia Y.C.Yang : It thrives at altitudes of around 3800 meters in Tibet.
• Androsace ovczinnikovii Shishk. & Bobrov : It occurs in Russia, Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan), Mongolia and western Xinjiang.
• Androsace pavlovskyi Ovcz.
• Androsace paxiana R.Knuth : It thrives at altitudes of 1000 to 1400 meters in Sichuan.
• Androsace × pedemontana Rchb.
• Androsace phaeoblephara Hand.-Mazz.
• Androsace podlechii Wendelbo
• Androsace poissonii R. Knuth
• Androsace pomeiensis C.M.Hu & YCYang : It thrives at altitudes of 3000 to 3500 meters in eastern Tibet.
• Soft-haired man's shield ( Androsace pubescens DC. )
• Pyrenean man's shield ( Androsace pyrenaica Lam. ): It occurs in Spain and France.
• Androsace refracta hand.-Mazz.
• Androsace rhizomatosa Hand.-Mazz.
• Androsace rigida Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives at altitudes of 2900 to 3800 meters in southwestern Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
• Androsace rioxana A. Segura (Syn .: Androsace obtusifolia subsp. Rioxana (A. Segura) Fern. Casas & A. Segura ): It occurs in Spain.
• Androsace robusta (R.Knuth) Hand.-Mazz. : It is distributed from India and Pakistan via Nepal to southern Tibet.
• Androsace rockii W.E. Evans : It thrives in rocky locations at altitudes of about 2000 meters only in northwestern Yunnan.
• Round-leaved man's shield ( Androsace rotundifolia Hardw. ): It occurs in several varieties in Afghanistan , India, Pakistan , Kashmir , in western Nepal and in western Tibet.
• Androsace runcinata Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives on limestone at altitudes of 1200 to 1500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, western Hunan and southeastern Yunnan.
• Androsace russellii Y.J. Nasir
• Androsace salasii Kurtz
• Chinese man's shield ( Androsace sarmentosa Wall. ): It occurs in southern Tibet, India, Pakistan and Nepal.
• Androsace Selago Hook. f. & Thomson ex Klatt : It occurs in Bhutan, India, Sikkim and in Tibet.
• Androsace sempervivoides Jacq. ex Duby
• Northern man's shield , Nordic man's shield ( Androsace septentrionalis L. )
• Androsace sericea Ovcz.
• Androsace sessiliflora Turrill
• Androsace similis Craib
• Androsace spinulifera (Franch.) R.Knuth : It thrives at altitudes of 2900 to 4500 meters in western Sichuan and northern Yunnan.
• Androsace squarrosula Maxim. : It only thrives at altitudes of 3000 to 3300 meters in southwestern Xinjiang.
• Androsace staintonii Y.J. Nasir
• Androsace stenophylla (Petitm.) Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives at altitudes of 2900 to 4200 meters in eastern Tibet and western Sichuan.
• Sikkim man's shield ( Androsace strigillosa Franch. ): It occurs in Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim and in Tibet.
• Student man's shield ( Androsace studiosorum Kress , Syn .: Androsace primuloides Duby , Androsace sarmentosa var. Primuloides Hook. F. )
• Androsace sublanata Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives at altitudes of 3000 to 4000 meters in southwest Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
• Androsace sutchuenensis Franch.
• Androsace tanggulashanensis Y.C.Yang & RFHuang : It thrives at altitudes of 4,000 to 5,000 meters in northeastern Tibet and southwestern Qinghai.
• Androsace wallpaper Maxim. : It occurs in Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of southern Gansu, Qinghai, western Sichuan and southern Xinjiang.
• Androsace tibetica (Maxim.) R. Knuth
• Androsace tonkinensis Bonati
• Androsace tribracteata R.F. Huang
• Androsace Tschuktschorum R. Knuth
• Androsace umbellata (Lour.) Merr. : It is common in Russia, India, Pakistan, Kashmir, Sikkim, Myanmar, Vietnam, Korea, New Guinea in the Philippines , Japan , Taiwan , Tibet and in large areas of China.
• Vandell's man's shield , Vandelli's man's shield ( Androsace vandellii (Turra) Chiov. )
• Androsace vegae R. Knuth
• Shaggy man's shield ( Androsace villosa L. )
• Gold primrose ( Androsace vitaliana (L.) Lapeyr. , Syn .: Vitaliana primuliflora Bertol. )
• Androsace wardii W.W.Sm. : It thrives at altitudes of 3400 to 4600 meters in southeastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of southwestern Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
• Androsace wilsoniana Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives in rock crevices at altitudes of about 3000 meters in Sichuan.
• Wulfen-Mannsschild , Wulfens Mannsschild ( Androsace wulfeniana (Sieber ex Koch) Rchb. )
• Androsace yargongensis Petitm. : It thrives at altitudes of 3600 to 4800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai and western Sichuan.
• Androsace zambalensis (Petitm.) Hand.-Mazz. : It occurs in India, Nepal, Sikkim, southeastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
• Androsace zayulensis Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives at altitudes of 3700 to 4000 meters in eastern Tibet.

use

The Mannsschild species are annual, short-lived or resistant, evergreen perennials with a pillow-like or carpet-like habit. They belong to the primrose family (Primulaceae). Many of them are suitable for growing in rock gardens, others in cold greenhouses, at 0 to 5 ° C.

swell

• Qiming Hu, Sylvia Kelso: Primulaceae. : Androsace , p. 80 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 . (Sections Description and Systematics)
• Yasin J. Nasir: Androsace at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Volume 157 - Primulaceae , Department of Botany, University of Karachi, et al. a., Karachi et al. a., 1984.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Schmeil-Fitschen, Flora von Deutschland, 62nd edition, page 336, source and Meyer, Heidelberg, 1952.
2. ↑ Linnaeus scanned in at botanicus.org in 1753 .
3. ^ Androsace at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 11, 2014.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s} Karol Marhold, 2011: Primulaceae. : Androsace - Datasheet In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
5. ^ ^{A b c d} Androsace in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx} Qiming Hu, Sylvia Kelso: Primulaceae : Androsace. , P. 80 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 .
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v} Yasin J. Nasir: Androsace at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Volume 157 - Primulaceae , Department of Botany, University of Karachi, et al. a., Karachi et al. a., 1984.
8. ↑ Shaggy man's shield (Androsace villosa). In: Sylwia, Pflanzen-enzyklopaedie.eu. October 4, 2011, accessed October 15, 2019 . 
9. ↑ Flesh red man's shield - Androsace carnea. In: Dr. Christoph Greifenhagen, plants-deutschland.de. 2019, accessed October 15, 2019 . 
10. ↑ Lashed man's shield - Androsace chamaejasme. In: Dr. Christoph Greifenhagen, plants-deutschland.de. 2019, accessed October 15, 2019 . 

Supplementary literature

• Xaver Finkenzeller: Alpine flowers. Recognize & determine. Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
• Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .

Web links

Commons : Mannsschild ( Androsace )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Androsace at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis