Avesnes (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Lords of Avesnes: diagonally right five times divided by gold and red .

Avesnes was a Frankish noble family.

Around the year 1000, the entire area around the city of Avesnes (today France Dep. Nord) belonged to the territory of the county of Hainaut . One of the Count's most powerful vassals was Wederich the Red (Wéderic), Lord of Leuze and Condé. His son Wederich II "the Bearded" and his son Theobald had a castle built in Avesnes. This later became the headquarters of the family of the same name. Neither daughter Ada marries the Vogt von Doornick , Fastradus von Oisy († June 5, 1093).

The gentlemen of Avesnes from the house of d'Oisy

When the Wederichs family soon died out, the d'Oisys inherited a large part of the property. Fastradus' son Goswin d'Oisy could already call himself Herr von Avesnes, Condé and Leuze. This made them one of the most powerful lords of the Count of Hainaut. On the one hand, this newly acquired social position had to be preserved and, on the other hand, the first lords of Avesnes from the d'Oisy family tried to systematically expand their position by increasing their fiefdoms. Although relatively little is known about these beginnings of the family, their strategy of rule seems to have worked, because around 1100 Theobald von Avesnes, Goswin von Oisy's great-nephew, married Richildis von Hainaut, a daughter of Count Baldwin III .

Even if Theobald died at a young age before his father and the ambitious project of marriage to the Prince's family had to be shelved, this marriage proves that the Avesnes had a certain top position among the Hainaut nobility.

With Jakob von Avesnes († 1191) an outstanding personality entered the stage of international politics. Even a companion in arms of King Richard the Lionheart , he was married to the heir to the Lords of Guise , and with this marriage he was able to give his family extensive new possessions. It can be assumed that the English king had a hand in the game when Jacob's children achieved social advancement into the nobility. The English king needed support from the ranks of the French nobility and took care of his protégé by advocating various high lords. Jacob's eldest son, Walter II of Avesnes, an heir to the Champagne family , married Count of Blois and Chartres , and Burkhard of Avesnes married the sister of the Countess of Flanders . But Jacob's daughters were also married to great masters. Mathilde became Countess of Chiny after she married Ludwig IV of Chiny in 1206, Ida became Mistress of Enghien and Ada became Countess of Soissons .

John I of Avesnes, Count of Hainaut

While the County of Blois came to the House of Châtillon in the next generation because Walter was only survived by one daughter, Burkhard's marriage caused major complications, which degenerated into the Flandrisch-Hainaut succession dispute, in the course of which the House of Avesnes finally came the county of Hainaut was awarded.

Burkhard's son, Johann von Avesnes , Count of Hainaut, married the sister of the Roman (counter) King Wilhelm of Holland on October 9, 1246 in Frankfurt am Main . When Johann von Holland died in 1299 without an heir, Johann's son of the same name, Count Johann II von Hennegau , claimed the territories of his Dutch relative. After the House of Avesnes had de facto been able to declare the greatest claims to the Dutch legacy, Holland and Zealand fell to the family, and John II ruled the counties of Hainaut, Flanders and Zealand in personal union until his death on August 22, 1304 . The House of Avesnes kept this dominion until Count Wilhelm IV fell in Staveren on September 26, 1345. The inheritance went through his eldest sister Margarethe , who married Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian , to her second son Wilhelm V (Wilhelm I of Lower Bavaria) and thus to the Wittelsbach family .

Tribe list

The Lords of Avesnes

  1. Fastré von Oisy († before 1092), Vogt von Tournai ⚭ Ada, probably daughter of Wédric II von Avesnes
    1. Gossuin von Oisy, 1104/26 Lord of Avesnes, Condé and Leuze
      1. Gossuin († 1127), Lord of Avesnes, Condé and Leuze
    2. Fastré II of Oisy († after 1111), Vogt of Tournai
      1. Walter (Gautier) I of Oisy († 1147), 1127 Lord of Avesnes, Condé and Leuze
        1. Dietrich ⚭ Richildis von Hennegau, daughter of Baldwin III. , Count of Hainaut ( House of Flanders )
        2. Nicolas († 1169/71), Lord of Avesnes, Condé and Leuze ⚭ Mahaut of Laroche, daughter of Count Heinrich I ( House of Namur )
          1. Jakob (attested in 1174; † 1191 with Arsuf ) Lord of Avesnes, Condé and Leuze ⚭ Adele von Guise, probably daughter of Bernhard and Alix
            1. Walter II. (1185 attested; † 1243/46), Lord of Avesnes, Guise , Condé, Leuze, Landrecies and Trélon ⚭ Margarete Countess of Blois († 1230), daughter of Count Theobald V ( Blois House )
              1. Marie († 1241), 1231 Countess of Blois etc. ⚭ Hugo I of Châtillon , Count of Saint-Pol († 1248) ( House of Châtillon )
            2. Burkhard († 1244), Dr. iur, Bailli von Hainaut ⚭ 1212, divorced 1220 Margarethe II. († 1280), 1244/78 Countess of Flanders and Hainaut, daughter of Count Balduin IX. ( House of Flanders )
              1. Johann I (* 1218; † 1257), 1246 Count of Hennegau ⚭ Nobility of Holland († 1284), 1258 Regent of Holland, daughter of Florence IV. , Count of Holland ( Gerulfinger ) - for descendants see below
              2. Baldwin († 1295), Lord of Beaumont
                1. Johann († 1283), Lord of Beaumont
                  1. Baldwin († 1299), Lord of Beaumont
                2. Beatrix († 1321) ⚭ 1261 Heinrich III. († 1288), Count of Luxembourg, ( House Limburg-Arlon )
            3. Ada († after 1249) ⚭ I Henri III. († 1211), Count of Grandpré ⚭ II Raoul I of Nesle († 1235), 1186 Count of Soissons ( House of Nesle )
          2. Fastré, governor of La Flamengerie
            1. Jacob of Tournai
        3. Eberhard († 1190), 1173 Bishop of Tournai

The Counts of Hainaut and Holland

  1. Johann I (* 1218; † 1257), 1246 Count of Hennegau ⚭ Aleide von Holland († 1284), 1258 Regent of Holland, daughter of Florence IV. , Count of Holland ( Gerulfinger ) - ancestors see above
    1. Johann II. (* 1248; † 22 August 1304), 1280 Count of Hainaut, 1299 Count of Holland ⚭ Philippine of Luxembourg († 1311), daughter of Heinrich II. , Count of Luxembourg ( House Limburg-Arlon )
      1. Johann († 1302), 1299 Lord of Beaumont, Count of Ostervant ,
      2. Margarete († 1342) ⚭ Robert II († 1302), Count of Artois, ( House of France-Artois )
      3. Alix († 1306), ⚭ Roger Bigod († 1306), Earl of Norfolk ( House Bigod )
      4. Isabelle († 1305) ⚭ Raoul II of Clermont († 1302), Lord of Nesle, constable of France ( House of Clermont )
      5. William III. († 1337), 1304 Count of Hainaut and Holland ⚭ Johanna von Valois († 1342), daughter of Charles I , Count of Valois ( House of Valois )
        1. Margaret I († 1356), 1345 Countess of Holland, Hennegau etc. ⚭ 1324 Ludwig IV. The Bavarian († 1347), 1294 Duke of Bavaria, 1314 Roman-German King, 1328 Roman-German Emperor ( Wittelsbacher )
        2. Philippa († 1369) ⚭ Edward III. , († 1377) King of England, ( Plantagenet )
        3. Isabella († 1361), ⚭ 1350 with Robert de Namur († 1391) ( House Dampierre )
        4. Johanna († 1374) ⚭ Wilhelm I , Duke of Jülich
        5. Wilhelm IV. († 1345), 1337 Count of Hainaut and Holland ⚭ 1334 Johanna († 1406), Duchess of Brabant and Limburg, daughter of Duke Johann III. ( Reginare )
      6. Johann († 1356), Lord of Beaumont ⚭ Margarethe († 1350), Countess of Soissons , heir daughter of Count Hugo ( House Nesle )
        1. Johanna (* 1323; † 1350), 1350 Countess of Soissons ⚭ I Ludwig I of Châtillon († 1346), 1342 Count of Blois , 1336 Count of Soissons, ( House of Châtillon ) ⚭ II Wilhelm I († 1391), Margrave from Namur , ( House Dampierre )
      7. Marie († 1354) ⚭ Ludwig I († 1341), Duke of Bourbon, ( Bourbonen )
      8. Mathilde, Abbess of Nivelles
    2. Burchard (* 1251; † 1296), 1283 Bishop of Metz
    3. Guido († 1317), 1301 Bishop of Utrecht
    4. Wilhelm († 1296), 1286 Bishop of Cambrai
    5. Florence († 1297) ⚭ 1289 Isabelle de Villehardouin († 1312), 1289–1307 Princess of Achaia
      1. Mathilde (* 1293; † 1331) ⚭ I Guido II. De la Roche († 1308), Duke of Athens ( House of La Roche ); ⚭ II Ludwig of Burgundy († 1316), 1313 titular king of Thessaloniki , prince of Achaia and Morea ( Elder House of Burgundy ); ⚭ III Johann († 1336), 1315 Count of Gravina , 1318 Prince of Morea, 1322 Duke of Durazzo , son of King Frederick II of Sicily ( House of Anjou ); ⚭ IV Hugo of La Palice, Prince of Achaia and Morea

literature

  • Walter Prevenier: Avesnes, house. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . Volume 1: Aachen to Bettelordenskirchen. Artemis-Verlag, Munich et al. 1980, ISBN 3-7608-8901-8 , Sp. 1297.
  • Hans Van Werveke : Avesnes en Dampierre. In: Algemene geschiedenis der Nederlanden. Volume 2: De full middeleeuwen. 925-1305. de Haan et al., Utrecht et al. 1950, pp. 306-337.
  • Detlev Schwennicke : European family tables .
    • New series Volume 3, 1: Dukes and Counts of the Holy Roman Empire, other European royal houses. Stargardt, Marburg 1984, plate 50.
    • New episode volume 2: The states outside Germany, the ruling houses of the other states of Europe. Stargardt, Marburg 1984, plate 4.