Aydın

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aydın
Coat of arms is missing
Help on coat of arms
Aydın (Turkey)
Red pog.svg
MonumentAydın (4) .JPG
Monument in honor of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and the Turkish War of Liberation
Basic data
Province (il) : Aydın
Coordinates : 37 ° 50 '  N , 27 ° 51'  E Coordinates: 37 ° 50 '16 "  N , 27 ° 50' 44"  E
Height : 67  m
Residents : 1,110,972 (2019)
Telephone code : (+90) 256
Postal code : 09 000
License plate : 09
Structure and administration (as of 2019)
Mayor : Özlem Çerçioğlu ( CHP )
Website:
Aydın County
Residents : 1,110,972 (2019)
Surface: 627 km²
Population density : 1,772 inhabitants per km²

Aydın (formerly Güzelhisar , Greek Αϊδίνιο Aidinio ) is the administrative center of the Turkish province of Aydın on the Aegean coast with around 1,110,972 inhabitants . It is located 80 kilometers by road from the sea in the valley of the Great Meander (in Turkish: Büyük Menderes ). Since a territorial reform in 2012, the city has been a metropolitan municipality (Büyükşehir belediyesi) and is therefore identical in terms of population and area to the province.

The 5 km wide side valley of the Çine Çayı flows south of the city , where a railway line to Muğla also runs. In the north rises the nearby Aydın Mountains with peaks up to 1,800 meters.

Aydın is connected to İzmir on the Aegean coast by the European route E 87 ( O-31 ) . A tunnel crosses the Aydın Mountains. Upstream it continues via Denizli to Antalya on the Turkish Riviera . To the south the road branches off to the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts.

Settlements

In addition to the district town, in the former central district there were the five municipalities Çeştepe, Dalama, Ovaeymir, Tepecik, Umurlu and the 55 villages Alanlı, Alatepe, Ambarcık, Armutlu, Aşağıkayacık, Badeli, Balıkköy, Baltaköy, Böcekköy, Çayığüey, Çaymiröyzü , Dereköy, Dogan, Eğrikavak, Emirdoğan, Gödrenli, Gölcük, Gölhisar, Gözpınar, Horozköy, Işıklı, İlyasdere, İmamköy, Kadıköy, Kalfaköy, Karahayıt, Karaköy, Kardeşköy, Kenker, Kırıklar, Kızılca, Kocagür, Konuklu, Kozalaklı, Kuloğullar, Kuyucular , Kuyulu, Mesutlu, Musluca, Ortaköy, Pınardere, Savrandere, Serçeköy, Sıralılar, Şahnalı, Şevketiye, Tepeköy, Terziler, Yağcılar, Yeniköy, Yılmazköy, Yukarıkeytinkık,. After the regional reform they are districts of the city.

On the northern outskirts of Aydın, the ruins of the ancient city of Tralleis can be visited.

history

According to Strabo , Tralles was founded by Thracians, but the city fell to the Achaemenid Empire after the Greek cities had rebelled in vain. Sparta tried unsuccessfully to conquer the city, which in 334 submitted to Alexander the Great .

Alexander's general Antigonus I Monophthalmos held the city from 313 to 301 BC. Until 190 it was under the Seleucids , then it went to Pergamon . From 133 to 129 she supported Aristonikos against Rome.

129 BC BC the city with the entire west of Asia Minor finally fell to Rome. Tralles was born in 27 BC. Badly hit by an earthquake. Augustus helped the city rebuild, whereupon the local notables renamed the city Kaisareia , a name that the city carried for some time. In ancient times the city was best known for its pottery.

The letters of Ignatius show a Christian community for the 1st century. By 105 at the latest a Polybius was bishop of Tralles (IgnTrall 3,3), the region was finally Christianized in the course of the 3rd and early 4th centuries. Heracleon (431), Maximus (451), Uranius (553), Myron (692), Theophylactus (787), Theophanes and Theopistus (both 9th century) and Johannes (1230) appear as bishops. An inscription proves a synagogue .

After the Battle of Manzikert , the Seljuks conquered Tralles for the first time in 1071, but the Byzantines under Emperor Alexios I Komnenus managed to recapture it. But the decline could not be stopped when Byzantium lost large areas in the eastern border area after 1265, in particular the upper reaches of the Maiandros and thus the economically central part of the fertile valley. In 1278 Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos had the city rebuilt and it was to be named Andronikopolis or Palaiologopolis . The megas domestikos Michael Tarchaneiotes is said to have settled 36,000 residents of the surrounding areas there.

But already in 1284 the Beylik von Mentesche managed to conquer the city. Over 20,000 residents were sold as slaves. The Turks renamed the city Güzelhisar ('beautiful castle'). The Beylik of Aydın , which originated in 1308, ruled western Turkey as far as Izmir . It is often referred to as an emirate.

The Ottomans followed these “emirs” . They subjugated the Emirates of the west coast of Asia Minor in a large-scale campaign in 1390. But they were defeated in 1402 against Timur in the battle of Ankara . The victor moved to Ephesus in the fall to destroy Smyrna in December. After that, his huge army returned to Ephesus, from where they sacked the surrounding areas. Only in the spring of 1403 did she leave the area again. After ten years of civil war, the Ottoman Empire stabilized again. In 1425 the Ottomans finally conquered the remains of the emirate and the city of Aydın.

Aydın became part of the Ottoman Empire, but gradually overshadowed by Izmir . In 1827 it became the capital of its own Eyâlet . There were riots, such as under Atçalı Kel Mehmet (1829-1830), so that the headquarters of the Eyâlets was moved to Izmir. In 1864 Aydın became a sanjak , a kind of sub-province, and Izmir remained the provincial capital. In 1912 there were about 220,000 people in the Sanjak Aydın, of whom 40,000–55,000 were Greeks. The first railway line was started in 1856 by the British Levant Company between Aydın and Smyrna (now Izmir).

During the Battle of Aydın between June 27 and July 4, 1919, the 3,500 members (1917) of the Jewish community were spared. Turkish resistance groups stayed in the mountains. It was not until September 7, 1922, that the Turkish army recaptured the badly damaged city. In 1923 the Greeks were forced to leave the country, much like the Turks in Greece. The Greek army had a fire started before they left. Only three of 8,000 houses remained intact.

About 3,000 Jews lived in Aydın until the early 1920s. They had to flee during the expulsion of the Greeks and were not allowed to return afterwards. Their property has been confiscated as "abandoned property".

Climate table

Aydın (56 m)
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
96
 
14th
4th
 
 
87
 
15th
5
 
 
74
 
18th
7th
 
 
54
 
23
10
 
 
36
 
29
14th
 
 
8.9
 
34
18th
 
 
2.7
 
37
21st
 
 
2.8
 
36
20th
 
 
10
 
32
17th
 
 
40
 
27
13
 
 
93
 
20th
8th
 
 
118
 
15th
6th
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: State Meteorological Office of the Turkish Republic, normal period 1981-2010
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Aydın (56 m)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 13.6 14.6 18.2 22.8 28.6 33.9 36.5 35.9 32.3 26.7 19.6 14.6 O 24.8
Min. Temperature (° C) 4.3 4.6 6.6 10.1 14.2 18.3 20.7 20.4 16.8 12.8 8.4 5.8 O 12
Temperature (° C) 8.3 9.0 11.9 15.9 21.1 26.3 28.7 27.7 23.6 18.6 13.0 9.6 O 17.9
Precipitation ( mm ) 96.3 86.8 73.8 54.0 36.2 8.9 2.7 2.8 10.0 39.7 92.6 117.6 Σ 621.4
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 4.2 4.5 6.0 7.1 9.6 10.5 10.5 10.2 8.5 6.5 4.4 4.0 O 7.2
Rainy days ( d ) 10.4 9.7 9.1 8.3 5.6 1.6 0.7 0.6 2.0 5.1 8.2 12.2 Σ 73.5
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
13.6
4.3
14.6
4.6
18.2
6.6
22.8
10.1
28.6
14.2
33.9
18.3
36.5
20.7
35.9
20.4
32.3
16.8
26.7
12.8
19.6
8.4
14.6
5.8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		96.3
86.8
73.8
54.0
36.2
8.9
2.7
2.8
10.0
39.7
92.6
117.6
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Personalities

Town twinning

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Nufusu.com
  2. ↑ Eckhard J. Schnabel : Urchristliche Mission , Brockhaus, 2002, p. 1180.
  3. ^ The Catholic Encyclopedia , 1912, p. 16.
  4. ^ Donald M. Nicol, The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453 , Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 86.
  5. ↑ Klaus Kreiser: Ataturk. Eine Biographie , CH Beck, Munich 2011, p. 172. ISBN 978-3-406-61978-6 .
  6. ^ Corry Guttstadt: Turkey, the Jews, and the Holocaust , Cambridge University Press, 2013, p. 8.

Web links

Commons : Aydın  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files