Bart Simpson

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bartholomew JoJo "Bart" Simpson is a main character in the animated series The Simpsons and a member of the family of the same name . The figure was created by the draftsman Matt Groening , who designed it for James L. Brooks . Bart is the only son of Homer and Marge in the series and, at the age of ten, the older brother of Lisa and Maggie . He is often boisterous, rebellious, and disrespectful to authorities. Bart's trademarks include sayings such as “Eat my shorts” and “¡Ay, caramba!”. In the original version he is dubbed by Nancy Cartwright , in the German version Sandra Schwittau lends him her voice.

During the first two seasons, Bart was the main character of the series alongside Homer; this led to a downright "beard mania": T-shirts with his sayings became very popular, they were often sold. The song Do the Bartman was one of the UK's top singles in 1991. Bart is bad at school and proud of it, which is why parents and educators cited him as a bad role model for children. From season three, the series focused more on the family as a whole. The Time magazine chose beard in the list of the 100 most important people of the twentieth century , he was also Entertainer of the Year 1990 in Entertainment Weekly . Nancy Cartwright won several awards for dubbing her character, including the 1992 Primetime Emmy Award and the 1995 Annie Award .

figure

Emergence

Matt Groening designed beard while he waited in James L. Brooks' office.

Matt Groening got the idea for Bart and the rest of the Simpson family in 1985 while he was waiting in the anteroom of producer James L. Brooks' office. He was supposed to invent an animated short series as an adaptation of his comic strip Life in Hell for the Tracey Ullman Show. Since he would have had to give up the copyrights of his earlier work, he created a dysfunctional family instead and named the characters after his own family members, although he did not name the rebellious son Matt, but Bart , an anagram of brat ('bellows') or ' brat ') so that the origin of the names was not so obvious.

Bart's character was originally supposed to be less aggressive and characterized by existential fear, and he should also talk to himself . However, this was changed due to Cartwright's speaking role. Groening was mainly inspired by his brother Mark when designing the character. The abbreviation of Bart's middle name, J. , is based on the names of cartoon characters such as Bullwinkle J. Moose and Rocket J. Squirrel, which in turn allude to their inventor, the American cartoonist Jay Ward . In Bart's case, the J. stands for JoJo .

design

All Simpsons characters are designed in such a way that you can recognize them just by their silhouette . They are also drawn as rough drafts, since Matt Groening assumed the draftsmen would take care of the details. However, they adopted the designs without any change. Bart's hairstyle initially consisted of a large number of tips of different lengths. Their number was later reduced to nine and they were drawn in a uniform length. This haircut is not used on any other figure.

Different methods are used when drawing the head: the draftsman Jeffrey Lynch starts with a box, then eyes, mouth, ends of hair, ear and finally the rest of the body. Matt Groening, on the other hand, begins with the eyes and nose, followed by the outline of the head. If Bart's head can be seen from above, both the edge and the center should be filled with points.

In the story Homer 3 of the Treehouse of Horror episode The Panic Amok Horror Show , Bart and Homer were shown as a 3D animation. When creating the hair of Bart's 3D model, the draughtsmen based themselves on a doll that was produced as a merchandising product for the series.

voice

Nancy Cartwright lends her voice to Bart Simpson.

Bart is dubbed in the original English version by Nancy Cartwright. She also speaks other characters on the series, including Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, and Kearney. While Dan Castellaneta and Julie Kavner were already working for the Tracey Ullman Show and therefore received the roles for Homer and Marge, the remaining votes had to be determined by a casting. Cartwright auditioned for Lisa, but got Bart's role because Yeardley Smith's voice was too high for a boy and she was hired for Lisa instead of Bart.

During the first season, Cartwright was banned from giving interviews by the Fox Network because the station wanted to keep a secret that Bart was being spoken by a woman. The role of the eternally child Bart was given, like all child characters in the series, a woman and not a boy, because his voice would break and a change of speaker would then be necessary.

Sandra Schwittau lends her voice to him in the German version of The Simpsons . Unlike Cartwright, she has no other roles in the series.

personality

“Like any good punk rocker, Bart had the nihilism thing down from the very beginning. Though not so much pissed off as extremely undisciplined, the Bart Simpson of the Ullman shorts is either fighting with his sister, inciting his father into murderous levels of rage, executing dangerous stunts that end in cartoonish levels of disaster, or simply spitting snarky one- liners at whatever authority figures cross his path. This appetite for destruction continued to be the defining feature of the smart-assed kid who dominated many episodes of the first few seasons of The Simpsons - the version that spawned Bart-mania - though his methods and motivations show considerably more nuance than the white-trash Bart of the Ullman era. ”

“Like any good punk, Bart had his nihilism right from the start. Although he is less pissed off and annoyed than rather extremely uncontrolled, the Bart Simpson from the Ullman episodes either fights with his sister, drives his father into murderous anger, performs dangerous stunts that end in a cartoon-like disaster, or he gives to everyone Authority figure he comes across, devious one-liners of himself. This thirst for destruction remained the hallmark of the little smart ass who dominated many episodes of the first few seasons of The Simpsons - the version that spawned the beard mania - even if the methods and motivations show considerably more nuances than the white-trash beard the Ullman era. "

- Chris Turner : Planet Simpson

Bart's insubordination and lack of respect for authorities have been compared to those of the American Founding Fathers and described as a modern version of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn rolled into one. In his book Planet Simpson , Chris Turner describes Bart as a nihilist , a philosophical position that states that existence has no objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value. The book The Simpsons and Philosophy contains a chapter that analyzes Bart's character and compares him with Friedrich Nietzsche .

His rebellious streak makes him a disturbing student at Springfield Elementary School, and he prides himself on the fact that his performance has fallen short of expectations. He is in constant conflict with his class teacher Edna Krabappel, principal Skinner and occasionally with caretaker Willie. According to the episode " The Aptitude Test, " his school problems come from not paying attention, not from being stupid. In the episode "Is everything back, take Focusin" is this idea up again, as it turns out, that he ADS suffers. In the episode "Fiddling Lisa?", However, it is claimed that a gene that is only found in male Simpsons family members is to blame for Bart's reduced intelligence . Even though he gets into endless trouble and can be sadistic , superficial, and selfish, at times Bart is also very decent and unselfish. After Rector Skinner lost his job because of him, he befriended the ten-year-old. When Bart notices how his new friend is missing school, he helps him get his job as principal back, even if it doesn't keep them friends. Bart is also kind-hearted, that is, he usually apologizes if he has gone too far and makes up for his wrongdoing. He is therefore not shown exclusively as angry, but rather as a troublemaker.

“Bart is a really good kid. He's just mischievous. He's not bad, like characters who followed him such as [Eric] Cartman ( South Park ) or Beavis and Butthead . Bart can do some nasty things, but they seem so tame, by today's standards. What was shocking 19 years ago, when the show started, isn't the least bit shocking today. Bart hasn't changed. "

“Bart is really a good boy. He's just a rascal. He's not bad like characters who followed him like [Eric] Cartman (South Park) or Beavis and Butthead. Bart can do nasty things, but they are harmless from today's perspective. What was outrageous 19 years ago when the series started is no longer a bit today. Bart has not changed. "

- Nancy Cartwright, 2007

In almost every episode opening credits, Bart can be seen in the so-called table gag. He writes a sentence on the board that changes from one sequence to the next. This usually begins with “ I will not ... ” (German: “I mustn't ...”). For example, political allusions such as “The first amendment to the constitution does not include belching” or sentences relating to members of the production staff such as “I am not a 32-year-old woman” are incorporated. The German translation is supplemented from the off by Sandra Schwittau. As with the other characters in the opening credits, Bart also introduces a typical characteristic, namely that he has behaved badly and is now being punished for it.

The series uses a timeline in which the characters do not age. Bart's year of birth was subsequently I Married Marge set to the early 1980s. After his sister Lisa was born, he was initially jealous of her for the attention she received. That changed when "beard" was her first word. His first day of school was in the early 1990s, his enthusiasm was shattered by a callous teacher, and he started playing pranks instead of studying. Marge therefore began to worry.

Bart's hobbies are skateboarding , watching TV, reading comics, playing video games and generally causing unrest. He is in Edna Krabappel's fourth grade at Springfield Elementary School . He's too young to be a full-time job but has a number of part-time jobs over the course of the series. For example, he works as a bartender for the mafia boss Fat Tony, as an assistant for Krusty the clown, as a bouncer in an entertainment establishment and he briefly owns his own factory.

Relationship to other characters

Because of Bart's malice and because Homer is an incompetent raven father, the two of them have a difficult relationship with each other. Bart often calls his father by his first name instead of “Dad”, while Homer often refers to his son as “the boy”. Homer is often irascible and regularly chokes Bart when he annoys him. However, there are also situations in which the two get along well. For example, they watch TV together or play pranks on other people. When Prohibition is introduced in Springfield , they smuggle and brew alcoholic beverages.

Marge, unlike Homer, cares more about Bart and is ashamed of his behavior. In the episode The Black Sheep , he initially protests Marge's excessive concern. However, after he has shoplifted , she withdraws and Bart misses her care. He makes it up to her by giving her an early Christmas present so that she can take care of him more. In order to please her, he is even ready to tolerate shame.

Bart's best friend is Milhouse van Houten . For example, the two devastate the neighboring house or find illegal fireworks in a cave. Here Milhouse is mostly in the role of the follower and is dependent on Bart because he has no friends other than him. Bart is a bad influence on him, but he is also dependent on his friend, for he gets validation and recognition from him. After Milhouse's mother forbids them to socialize, Marge works to ensure that both can play together again. In the episode A Summer for Lisa , he even takes him on summer vacation. When Milhouse moves to Capital City with his mother, Bart is initially sad, then he befriends his sister Lisa. However, this friendship ends when Milhouse moves to his father and back to Springfield.

He has a difficult relationship with Lisa. Most of the time he is jealous of her because she gets better grades in school and stands out for her greater general education and maturity, and tries in vain to exploit his advantage in age. For example , when she babysits him , Bart is furious and tries everything to sabotage her work. But there are also moments when he stands up for his sister. He defends her, for example, after a school thug destroyed her box with cupcakes in it. In Lisa on the Ice , both are in rival ice hockey teams . In a game against each other, Bart refuses to take a penalty against them because they remember experiences from their early childhood. In the aftermath of Lisa's secret war , he even supports her so that she can survive the time in the cadet institution . He cheers her on for the final exam, although it makes him unpopular with the rest of the cadets.

Bart is a fan of Krusty the clown. For example, his room is full of TV clown merchandise. He also helps Krusty several times: Among other things, he proves his innocence in a criminal case and helps him reconcile with his father. Krusty never remembers it and mostly ignores it. When Bart is at the Kamp Krusty holiday camp , which is in a disastrous state, he does not give up hope that his role model will come and put things right. But he only appears after Bart has taken over the camp with the help of the other children. One of the original ideas for the series was for Bart to see a television clown as a father figure but have no respect for his father. This was never implemented directly. Because of this, Krusty's figure was based on Homer.

After Bart convicted Tingeltangel-Bob of the armed robbery, a long-lasting animosity arose between the two. Road Runner and Wile E. Coyote gave the authors the idea that an intelligent person like Bob should repeatedly try to get revenge on a naughty boy. Each time he devises a different plan to kill Bart.

Trademark

A trademark that appears in the first four seasons are the calls to Moe's tavern where Bart asks for a joke name. As soon as the bartender Moe Szyslak gets the joke, he insults and threatens the caller. These pranks are based on phone jokes made in a Jersey City bar . Moe is modeled after the owner there, Louis "Red" Deutsch . Because it was becoming more and more difficult for the scriptwriters to come up with new joke names, Bart's phone pranks were no longer incorporated. Bart also has a slingshot , which he carries with him in many episodes.

The catch phrase “ Eat My Shorts ” (German: “Friss my Shorts”) is an improvisation by Nancy Cartwright. It dates back to her high school days as it was once used by the band there, which Cartwright was a part of. Other sayings like “¡Ay, caramba!” Were already printed on T-shirts during the first few seasons. In addition, the graffito "El Barto", which he left on various buildings, can be seen in many episodes . This form of humor was parodied in the episode Bart Gets Famous , in which Bart became famous with the simple sentence “I didn't do anything” (“ I didn't do it! ”).

He also frequently appears naked , each time only showing his bottom. In The Simpsons , Bart skates completely naked, with various objects covering his genitals . For a brief moment you can even see his penis. Because of this scene, the producers feared the age rating "R" (only when accompanied by an adult) . The actual clearance was PG-13 (not suitable for children under thirteen) in the US and PG (not suitable for children under eight) in the UK . The Entertainment Weekly took the scene later on in their list of 30 memorable nude scenes.

Reception and cultural influence

Beard mania

In 1990, Bart quickly became the most popular television character in what was referred to as "beard mania". He became the most famous Simpsons character on fan merchandise. In the early 1990s, a million Bart Simpson T-shirts were sold a day. T-shirts with prints like “I'm Bart Simpson. Who the hell are you? ” (I'm Bart Simpson. Who the hell are you?) And“ Underachiever ('And proud of it, man!') ” (I'm staying below my level ('And I'm proud of it, man! ')) were banned from public schools in the United States because Bart was considered a bad role model. Sales of T-shirts and other products generated sales of $ 2 billion in the first fourteen months. This success even created a market for counterfeit products. A number of false sayings were also circulated. Some portrayed Bart as a Nazi or skinhead. 20th Century Fox then sued the manufacturer, who then stopped production.

Michael Jackson , a fan of Bart, wrote the song Do the Bartman .

Due to the success of the series, it was moved to a different slot in the summer of 1990. Instead of Sunday, the broadcast took place on Thursday evening and ran parallel to the Bill Cosby Show on NBC , which had the highest audience at the time. A “Bill versus Beard” rivalry ensued, and Entertainment Weekly posted a photo of Bill Cosby wearing a beard t-shirt. The first episode on the new slot was “ Der Musterschüler ”, which to this day achieved the highest rate of the series, but could not prevail against the Bill Cosby Show .

Because of this popularity, Bart has been described as the "TV King of 1990", the "shiny new TV star" and "undiminished success". In Entertainment Weekly , he was named "Entertainer of the Year" in 1990 because he was a rebel but also a good boy. In the United States' House, Senate and Gubernatorial elections in 1990, Bart Simpson was one of the most popular fictional candidates, in many constituencies he was even in second place behind Mickey Mouse . The 1990 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade featured the first Bart Simpson helium balloon, and it returned every year thereafter. The balloon also appears in the Thanksgiving episode "Beard stays hard" broadcast on the same day .

The 1990 album The Simpsons Sing the Blues was a great success: It reached number three in the US charts and was twice platinum. The first track on the album is Do the Bartman by Nancy Cartwright; it was written free of charge by Michael Jackson . Jackson was a fan of the Simpsons, especially Bart, so offered the producers to write a song about the character. He also appears in “The Birthday Surprise” as a guest star under the pseudonym “John Jay Smith”. In the US Do the Bartman not sold as a single in the UK, however, it was a success: From 16 February to 9 March 1991, she was the best-selling songs in 1991. The single sold at number one on the charts, reaching number seven half a million times and was awarded gold by the British Phonographic Industry on February 1, 1991 .

Beard as a role model

“I now have a 7-year-old boy and a 9-year-old boy, so all I can say is, I apologize. Now I know what you guys were talking about. My standard comment is, If you don't want your kids to be like Bart Simpson, don't act like Homer Simpson. ”

“I now have a 7 year old boy and a 9 year old boy so all I can say is I'm sorry. Now I know what you were talking about. My standard comment is, if you don't want your kids to be like Bart Simpson, don't be like Homer Simpson. "

- Matt Groening : In a 1998 interview when asked, "What do you say to critics who consider Bart Simpson to be a terrible role model for children?"

Bart's rebellious character led parents and conservatives to characterize him as a bad role model, especially because he is often not punished for his negative behavior. Robert Bianco of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette wrote that “[Bart] outsmarted his parents and teachers; in short he is the child we wish we were and we fear our children will become like that. ”In schools, educators said that Bart posed a“ threat to learning ”because he is proud of it stay up to expectations and have negative attitudes towards education. Others described him as "selfish, aggressive and malicious". In response to the criticism, James L. Brooks replied, “I am very wary of television, where everyone is expected to be a role model. You don't come across these many role models in reality. Why should television be full of these? "Elizabeth Thoman, executive director of the Center for Media and Values ​​in Los Angeles, said," When children look up to Bart Simpson, we must ask ourselves why we use television for all of our role models in society use, that's a much bigger issue. [...] As long as we uphold the idea of ​​television as a place where you can find all your role models, we allow television to become a school system. "

In 1990, then-US Drugs Commissioner under George HW Bush William Bennett visited a drug therapy center in Pittsburgh and saw a poster showing Bart. Then he said, “You don't watch the Simpsons, do you? It won't help you at all. ”When criticism of his testimony arose, he apologized by saying he was joking and adding,“ I'm going to sit down with that little spiked head. We'll fix that. ”In a 1991 interview, Bill Cosby described Bart as a bad role model for children and described him as“ angry, confused, frustrated ”. Matt Groening replied, “That sums up Bart, that's okay. Most people make an effort to be normal, he thinks that being normal is very boring, and does things that others wish they would dare to do. ”On January 27, 1992, then-US President George Bush said : "We will continue to try to strengthen the American family in order to make American families more like the Waltons and less like the Simpsons." Three days later, before the repetition of "The Birthday Surprise", a short segment was shown in which Bart says: “Hey, we're just like the Waltons. We also pray for an end to the depression. "

While much of the criticism was directed towards the character, positive comments came from various directions. Peggy Charren , president of the grassroots organization Aktion für Kinder Fernsehen , which works to improve the quality of children's television programming, said that “The Simpson family is one of the few caring cartoons. […] How can you teach the constitution if you forbid t-shirts? ”The columnist Erma Bombeck wrote:“ Children must know that somewhere in this world there is a contemporary who can pull off all the things that one can only talk about can fantasize, someone who can occasionally criticize his parents and is still allowed to live. ”In 2003, Bart took first place in a UK survey of parents who were asked which fictional character most influenced children under the age of twelve.

Awards

In 2000, the Simpson family received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

In 1998, Time Magazine listed Bart as one of the 100 Most Important People of the Twentieth Century. He was the only fictional character on the list. He was previously on the cover of the December 31, 1990 issue. In addition, Bart and Lisa took eleventh place in the “Top 50 Most Important Cartoon Characters” of the TV Guide .

Nancy Cartwright has received several awards for her speaking role as Bart: At the 44th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1992, Nancy won an Emmy for the episode " The Aptitude Test ". She shared the award with five other Simpson speakers. In 1995 Cartwright also won an Annie Award . In addition, many episodes, mostly of Bart, have been nominated for Emmy Awards. " Homer and Certain Fears " won this award in 1997. In 2000, Bart and the rest of the Simpson family received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7021 Hollywood Boulevard.

Merchandising

In addition to t-shirts, beard was used for many other merchandise products. These include bumper stickers, dolls, posters and boxer shorts. In 2004, Matt Groening published The Beard Book , which introduces Bart's personality and traits. Another official book is Bart Simpson's Guide to Life .

In addition to the regular Simpsons Comics, the Bart Simpson Comics series has existed since 2000 . Another occurrence is in the Simpsons Ride , an IMAX simulator ride built in 2008 in Universal Studios Florida and Hollywood .

The popularity of beard was also used by advertising . He has appeared in a variety of commercials including Butterfinger , Burger King , Kentucky Fried Chicken , Church's Chicken , CC Lemon , CC's , Domino's Pizza , Ramada Worldwide , Toyota, and Subway . In 2001, Kellogs sold a granola called "Bart Simpson Peanut Butter Chocolate Crunch" for a limited time.

On April 9, 2009, the US Post unveiled a series of stamps depicting Bart and the other four main characters. They are the first characters in a television series to appear on postage while the series is still in production. The brands designed by Matt Groening have been available for sale since May 7, 2009.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

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