Cölln (Meissen)

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Cölln
City of Meissen
Coordinates: 51 ° 9 ′ 34 "  N , 13 ° 29 ′ 4"  E
Height : 107 m above sea level NN
Incorporation : January 1, 1901
Postal code : 01662
Area code : 03521
View from the old town of Meißner to the railway bridge , behind it Cölln with the tower of the Johanneskirche . The houses on the hill in the background belong to the Low Couple .
St. Urbanskirche in Cölln
Cölln (right) on an engraving by Christian Gottlob Hammer , Siebeneichen Castle on the left , Albrechtsburg Castle in the middle (background) .
The station building of the Meissen train station in Cölln was built according to plans by Wilhelm Kreis
Cölln, its neighboring towns and old field names in the vicinity on a map from the 19th century

Cölln is a district of Meißen in the district of Meißen , Saxony . The settlement on the right bank of the Elbe was incorporated at the beginning of the 20th century and is now part of Meißner city center.

geography

Cölln is located in the district of the same name in the eastern center of the Meißner urban area on the banks of the Elbe . It is surrounded by the other districts of Meißen, Vorbrücke in the north, Nassau in the northeast, Zaschendorf in the east and Niederspaar in the southeast. Opposite, on the other bank of the Elbe, are the Meißner fishermen's houses . Some foothills of the Spaargebirge reach the district.

The Dresdner Straße runs through Cölln and connects Meißen with Dresden on the right bank of the Elbe via Sörnewitz , Coswig and Radebeul . The public transport bus lines A and 401 of the Verkehrsgesellschaft Meißen (VGM) run on it. The Brauhausstrasse and Kurt-Hein-Strasse branch off from Dresdner Strasse and connect via Cöllner and Zaschendorfer Strasse via Zaschendorf to Neusörnewitz and Weinböhla . VGM bus routes B and 411 operate here. The Fabrikstrasse and the Großenhainer Strasse lead to the Bundesstrasse 101 , the Bahnhofstrasse runs from the Dr.-Eberle-Platz above the Elbe Cycle Path to the Old Elbe Bridge in the direction of the old town .

The Meissen train station is in Cölln , and the Dresden S-Bahn stops there. The Borsdorf – Coswig railway line leads directly to the southwest of the station on the Meissen railway bridge over the Elbe. In addition, the district office of the district of Meißen and the technical college of the Saxon administration (formerly the engineering school for power and work machine construction "Rudolf Diesel" Meißen had its seat) in Cölln. The Saxon Wine Route and the Saxon Wine Trail run through the village .

history

The place name was mentioned for the first time when “acta sunt Colonae” can be read in a document in 1233. Either it is a name transfer from Cologne (Latin Colonia) or clerks of the law firm interpreted the word " colonia " in an older, similar-sounding name. The Old Sorbian * Koľno, which means “ palisade- protected place”, is most likely to come into question . Accordingly, Cölln would be the "settlement near the sheds / stables". From the 13th to the 16th century, the spellings changed frequently; among other things, the forms "Colonia (apud Misnam)" ("Cölln (near Meißen)"), "Kulne", "Coln", "Kollin" and "Kellen" were in use. To distinguish from “ Cölln b. Bautzen ”was the name of the place in 1875“ Cölln b. Meissen ”.

One theory about the origin of the place says that the bishops of the diocese of Meissen founded the "Colonia" as a medieval city, which ultimately failed because of the proximity of Meissen. For centuries only one square village remained , which had a strip of land similar to a win , the total area of ​​which in 1885 was around 282 hectares. There is evidence of an allodium for 1255 . The " Gotscalcus miles de Colonia" mentioned eleven years later suggests that there was a manor house in Cölln at that time. In 1478, the Meißner Hospital maintained a suburb in the village. There was a manor in Cölln since at least 1547 . The simple baroque angular building with its turret, which was expanded around 1710, was severely affected by the Elbe floods in 2002 .

In the basic rule in mid-sharing of the 16th century Meissen Cathedral Chapter and the Saxon Court Marshal Ernst von Miltitz , who on Castle Batzdorf sat. For centuries, the administration of the place was the responsibility of the Meissen Hereditary Authority, so Cölln was an official village . In 1856 it belonged to the Meißen court office and then came to the Meißen district administration , from which the district of the same name emerged. On the basis of the rural community code of 1838 , Cölln gained its independence as a rural community . This increased on January 1, 1890 with the incorporation of Niederfähre Vorbrücke. Cölln has belonged to Meissen since January 1st, 1901.

The St. Urban Church in Cölln dates back to the 12th century and was originally a Romanesque hall building. The present-day Meißner districts of Vorbrücke, Zaschendorf, Nieder- and Oberspaar as well as possibly Weinböhla in the Middle Ages were included as parish. From 1691 to 1701 it was rebuilt in baroque style and served as a parish church in the 18th and 19th centuries . In the St. Urban Church, which narrowly escaped demolition in 1985 due to lack of funds, an expressive Gothic winged altar was preserved. Immediately next to it, according to plans by Theodor Quentin , the much larger St. John's Church , consecrated on October 24, 1898, was built from 1895, which includes a fresco created by Sascha Schneider . Since then, the St. Urban Church has served as a cemetery chapel.

In the late 19th century, Cölln grew suddenly as a neighboring town to Meißen and was affected by a wave of construction during the Wilhelminian era. In addition to numerous new residential buildings, industrial companies also emerged, including the Saxon oven and chamotte factory in 1869 and the Schwerter brewery in 1897 . The tram Meissen reversed from 1899 from the station in Cölln on the Old Town Meissner unto Buschbad . During the GDR era, the buildings deteriorated more and more, and Cölln has been a redevelopment area since 2004 .

Population development

year Residents
1547 26 possessed men , 22 residents
1764 20 possessed men, 5 cottagers
1834 271
1871 796
1890 5923
1910 see Meissen

people

literature

  • Günter Naumann: City Lexicon Meißen . Sax-Verlag, Beucha 2009, ISBN 978-3-86729-013-5 .
  • Hans-Jürgen Pohl: Cölln near Meißen. The founding history of a Meißner district - example of a failed urban planning? Ed .: Institute for Geography and Geoecology. Meissen 2008.
  • Elbe valley and Loess hill country near Meissen (= values ​​of our homeland . Volume 32). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1979, p. 117 f.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ernst Eichler / Hans Walther : Historical book of place names of Saxony. Vol. 1, Berlin 2001. p. 149.
  2. ^ Meißen: Manor House Cölln. In: Sachsens-Schlösser.de. Retrieved September 12, 2013 .
  3. ↑ St. John's Church. In: Meiland.de. Retrieved September 12, 2013 .
  4. ^ Statutes of the City of Meißen on the formal definition of the redevelopment area "Meißen-Cölln". (PDF; 392 KB) City of Meißen, accessed on September 12, 2013 .
  5. ^ Cölln in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  6. ^ Total number of inhabitants of Cölln with its former districts Niederfähre and Vorbrücke

Web links

Commons : Cölln (Meißen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files