Chautauqua County, New York

Chautauqua County Courthouse
administration
US state :	new York
Administrative headquarters :	Mayville
Address of the administrative headquarters:	Chautauqua County Gov. Offices 3 North St. Mayville, NY 14757
Foundation :	March 11, 1808
Made up from:	Genesee County
Area code :	001 716
Demographics
Residents :	134,905  (2010)
Population density :	49.1 inhabitants / km 2
geography
Total area :	3,885.5 km²
Water surface :	1,139.5 km²
map
Website : www.co.chautauqua.ny.us

Chautauqua County is a county in the state of New York in the United States . At the 2010 census , the county had 134,905 people and a population density of 55.8 people per square kilometer. The county seat is Mayville .

geography

Chautauqua County lies on the northeastern shore of Lake Erie as part of the high plain between the Green Mountains to the east and the Rocky Mountains . The county has an area of ​​3885.5 square kilometers, of which 1139.5 square kilometers are water (mostly parts of Lake Erie). There are no major elevations or large watercourses; the largest body of water in the county, Chautauqua Lake, is so large that it forms a separate administrative area under the custody of the county, an "Unorganized Territory". The most important settlements are the city of Jamestown with a few peripheral settlements in the south-east of the county and the port city of Dunkirk with the neighboring town of Fredonia in the north-east of the area. The Interstate 86 crosses the county in east-west direction; some railway lines and smaller airports complement the transport links.

Surrounding areas

Lake Erie	Lake Erie	Erie County  (NY)
Lake Erie		Cattaraugus County
Erie County  (Penn.)	Warren County  (Penn.)

history

The oldest remains of prehistoric settlement are the mounds , circular burial or ceremonial mounds , moats, and ramparts found in Chautauqua County and the surrounding areas. Very little is known about their builders because there are no written or oral records about them. Between the 13th and the end of the 17th century, the area was the settlement area of ​​the Erie Indians , after whom the lake and neighboring counties, whose areas also belonged to the settlement areas of this people, are named.

When European settlers explored the area from around the second third of the 18th century, they primarily encountered the Hurons , a tribe of the Iroquois who lived in the areas around Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. The Seneca were settled in the east and south ; In contrast to the warlike Iroquois tribes, they were considered neutral towards the European colonists. Negotiations with them, which took place around 1790, assured the eastern areas to the settlers through sales and negotiations; this did not succeed with the Hurons, who predominated in the Chautauquas area. The resulting hostilities here and on the Canadian seaside found their echo in many stories. B. the leather stocking novels are still known today and shape the image of the settlement of this part of the "New World".

As early as 1625, French Jesuits who were advancing from Canada into the area south of the Great Lakes tried to do missionary work and establish permanent establishments. However, they met with extensive lack of understanding among the indigenous people and in some cases also with armed resistance. After the British takeover of the originally Dutch colony of New York in 1664, the sharp decline in the Huron population due to a smallpox epidemic and wars between the tribes, and the driving back of French interests from the region, the military pressure on the hostile Indian tribes increased and eventually Broken. Much of the plains between Hudson and Lake Erie were sold to a land development company as Phelps and Gorham Purchase and later taken over by another company as Holland Purchase .

State-political structures formed in the area due to the low number of settlers only from around 1800. First, the area was placed under administration in 1802 as part of Genesee County , which was subdivided several times when the population increased significantly in some areas. So Chautauqua County was divided on March 11, 1808 of Genesee County and placed under its own administration.

Aerial photograph of Dunkirk (1992)

While merchant shipping on the Great Lakes flourished after the opening of the Erie Canal and subsequently the Erie Railroad and, as in many other counties around the lakes, led to the development of a large port city ( Dunkirk ) and an industrial settlement on the railway line ( Jamestown ), remained most of the county's area was used for agriculture. Due to the nature of the soil, which only allowed the cultivation of crops to a limited extent, pastures were primarily created for dairy cattle and milk processing companies that made these products durable and usable for transport over longer distances, namely cheese factories. For the meat supply of the developing cities on the Atlantic coast and on the lakes, however, the live transport of the animals, especially by train, was organized to slaughterhouses near the cities to be supplied.

Since the mid-1960s, there has been a clear emigration of the population, especially from rural areas, to the centers along the lakes and the east coast.

Lewis Miller Cottage (1967)

Two locations have National Historic Landmark status , the Chautauqua Historic District and Lewis Miller Cottage . 43 buildings and sites in the county are registered in the National Register of Historic Places (as of February 18, 2018).

Population development

Census Results - Chautauqua County, New York

year	1800	1810	1820	1830	1840	1850	1860	1870	1880	1890
Residents			12,568	34,671	47,975	50,493	58,422	59,327	65,342	75.202
year	1900	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990
Residents	88,314	105.126	115,348	126,457	123,580	135.189	145.377	147.305	146.925	141,895
year	2000	2010	2020	2030	2040	2050	2060	2070	2080	2090
Residents	139,750	134.905

cities and communes

Locality	status	Population (2010)	Total area [km²]	Land area [km²]	Population density [inhabitants / km²]	founding	Specialty
Arkwright	Town	1,061	92.5	92.4	11.5	Apr 30, 1829
Busti	Town	7,351	123.9	123.9	59.3	Apr 16, 1823
Carroll	Town	3,524	86.4	86.3	40.8	25th Mar 1825
Cattaraugus reservation	Town	38	7.2	6.3	6.0		is cross-border z. T. in Cattaraugus County
Charlotte	Town	1,729	94.4	94.4	18.3	Apr 18, 1829
Chautauqua	Town	4,464	174.0	173.8	27.7	Apr 11, 1804
Chautauqua Lake	Unorganized Territory	0	53.6	0.0	0.0
Cherry Creek	Town	1,118	94.9	94.9	11.8	0May 4, 1829
Clymer	Town	1,698	93.7	93.4	18.2	0Feb 9, 1821
Dunkirk	City	12,563	11.8	11.7	1,077.4
Dunkirk	Town	1,318	16.3	16.1	81.7	Nov 17, 1859
Ellery	Town	4,528	123.2	122.9	36.8	Feb. 29, 1821
Ellicot	Town	8,714	78.9	78.9	110.5	0June 1, 1812
Ellington	Town	1,643	94.7	94.7	17.4	0Apr 1, 1824
French Creek	Town	906	94.0	93.9	9.6	Apr 23, 1829
Gerry	Town	1,905	93.6	93.6	20.4	0June 1, 1812
Hanover	Town	7.127	128.1	127.4	56.0	0June 1, 1812
Harmony	Town	2,206	118.0	117.6	18.8	Feb. 14, 1816
Jamestown	City	31,146	23.5	23.1	1,345.9	Apr 19, 1886	As a village from 1827, as a settlement since 1810
Kiantons	Town	1,350	48.0	47.6	28.3	Nov 16, 1853
Mina	Town	1.106	94.1	92.8	11.9	23 Mar 1824
North Harmony	Town	2,267	109.2	109.1	20.8	1919
Poland	Town	2,356	95.5	94.8	24.8	0Apr 9, 1832
Pomfret	Town	14,965	114.4	113.6	131.8	11th Mar 1808
Portland	Town	4,827	88.5	88.4	54.6	0Apr 9, 1813
Ripley	Town	2,415	126.6	126.3	19.1	01st Mar 1817
Sheridan	Town	2,673	96.6	96.5	27.7	Apr 16, 1827
Sherman	Town	1,653	94.3	93.9	17.6	Apr 17, 1832
Stockton	Town	2,248	123.4	122.1	18.4	0Feb 9, 1821
Villenova	Town	1.110	93.8	93.5	11.9	Jan. 24, 1823
Westfield	Town	4,896	122.4	122.2	40.1	19 Mar 1829

literature

• John Homer French: Gazetteer of the State of New York . RP Smith, Syracuse, NY 1860, pp. 208 ff . Online version as PDF at archive.org , accessed on August 25, 2015
• Andrew W. Young: History of Chautauqua County, New York . Matthews & Warren, Buffalo, NY 1875. Online PDF version at archive.org , accessed September 9, 2015

Web links

Commons : Chautauqua County (New York)  - Collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Chautauqua County in the United States Geological Survey's Geographic Names Information System ; accessed on September 15, 2015
2. ↑ Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State: New York . National Park Service , accessed February 18, 2018.
3. ↑ Search mask database in the National Register Information System. National Park Service , accessed February 18, 2018.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Population 1820–2010 according to census results
5. ^ Andrew W. Young: History of Chautauqua County, New York . Matthews & Warren, Buffalo, NY 1875.

Coordinates: 42 ° 18 ′  N , 79 ° 25 ′  W