Fyodor Petrovich Savarensky

Fyodor Petrovich Savarensky (1902)

Fyodor Petrovich Sawarenski ( Russian Фёдор Петрович Саваренский * January 30 ^jul. / 11. February  1881 ^greg. In Gorokhovets , † 8. October 1946 in Moscow ) was a Russian hydrogeologist , engineering geologist and university professor .

Life

Savarensky was the son of a court secretary who, despite limited funds, enabled his talented son to attend the Vladimir Humanistic High School . In his spare time he put on a herbarium and a mineral collection . When his father died in 1896, the family was penniless and he started to work. In 1901 he began studying at the University of Moscow (MGU) in the physics and mathematics faculty with a scholarship from Gorochowez- Zemstvo . There his teachers were Nikolai Alexejewitsch Umow , Kliment Arkadjewitsch Timirjasew , Nikolai Dmitrijewitsch Selinski , Vladimir Vasilievich Markovnikov , Alexei Petrovich Pavlov and Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky . Most of all, he was influenced by Vernadsky's ideas on the connection between nature and science and the nature of scientific activity. He was active in the student movement and was imprisoned in Butyrka and Kostroma prison from February 1901 to July 1902 . In 1909 his first publication appeared in the Russkije vedomosti , in which he spoke out against the policies of the People's Education Minister Alexander Nikolayevich Schwarz . In 1909 he completed his studies as a specialist in soil science .

In 1909, on the recommendation of Alexei Nikolajewitsch Sabanin, Savarensky joined the Zemstvo office of the Tula governorate as a soil scientist . He conducted soil examinations to assess the soils according to the concepts of Vasily Vasilyevich Dokuchayev . He also took part in the hydrological and hydrogeological investigations of the parallel group led by AS Kosmenko. With the results obtained up to 1913, a series of soil maps for the Ujesd was drawn up. With others he founded the Tula Society of Friends of Natural History and participated in their work, so that in 1911 he was elected an honorary member. Since 1913 he was a member of the Archives Commission of the Tula Governorate. He taught physics at the Tula Girls' High School, where he met his future wife Alewtina Uspenskaja.

1913–1914 Savarensky worked in Zemstvo in Chernigov Governorate , where he conducted soil surveys in Ujesd Nischyn and observed test fields in Nossiwka and Makijiwka .

In 1915, Savarensky was sent to Saratov by the Soil Improvement Department of the Central Agriculture Administration to conduct hydrogeological studies on the irrigation of arid regions in the Volga region as head of a hydrogeological group . He also gave lectures at the Saratov State University , the Saratov Agricultural Institute and the Saratov Polytechnic Technical Center.

The beginning of the Russian Civil War interrupted work. Savarensky was appointed head of the Government Committee for State Building and carried out duties for the Eastern Front of the Red Army . After the beginning of the famine in the Volga region, he fell ill with purulent pleurisy , so that in early 1922 he went to Moscow in the hope of finding work and a place to stay for his family there.

In 1922, Zavarensky became vice-head of the Central Hydrological Station in the People's Commissariat for Agriculture of the RSFSR . In 1924 he became an employee of the Moscow Department of the State Geological Committee. He carried out a hydrogeological survey of the dam of the Lyudinovo reservoir on the Bolwa, built under Catherine II, not far from Bryansk . He examined terrains for hydropower plants for the glass and mechanical engineering factories of the former industrial family Malzow ( Iwan Sergejewitsch Malzow , Sergei Iwanowitsch Malzow ). He examined the lower reaches of the Dnepr in connection with the planned construction of the DneprGES and KachowkaGES dams . He taught at the Moscow Surveying Institute , the Moscow Land Management Technical Center and the Tver Pedagogy Institute.

On behalf of the Council for Labor and Defense of the USSR he organized and then headed 1925–1929 hydrogeological and engineering geological surveys of the dry steppes of the Kura-Arax lowlands . As a member of the Commission of the cotton main committees of the Supreme Council of National Economy , he examined in Central Asia seed producers and the hydrogeological conditions of irrigated cotton areas in Utschkorgon - steppe between Naryn and Kara Darya . In 1927 he became a member of the Gosplan's expert council for water management .

1929–1933 Sawarensky was a senior geologist at the Institute for Groundwater . In 1930 he was seconded from the Head Office for Geological Exploration of the Supreme Council of Economics to a study trip to Italy and France . In Italy he studied the organization and technology of drainage work in the Po Valley , the Maremma and the Pontine Marshes , and the possibilities of water supply in Puglia . the irrigation work in Lombardy as well as the railway and tunnel construction and the fight against landslides and mudslides . In France he attended the Académie des Sciences and geological science and educational institutions.

1933-1935 Sawarenski headed the laboratory for engineering geology of the All Union Institute for mineral raw materials. In 1934 he received his doctorate in geological-mineralogical sciences without defending a dissertation . As chairman of the geological section of the expert commission of the Gosplan for the expansion of the Volga , he put together a collective of highly qualified specialists for the examination and approval of major construction projects for the rivers of the Volga basin . He was involved in studies on the Kuibyshev and Kamyshin barrages , in studies of the hydraulic engineering projects at Sengilei on the Volga, on the Upper Volga and on the Kama, and in studies on the Volga-Don Canal , the Moscow Canal , and the Oka-Don connection , the railway magistrale Moscow- Donbas and other projects. He led the scientific research group for the construction of the Moscow Metro and participated in solving the problems associated with the expansion and renovation of Moscow. In 1937 he organized a network to study the state of groundwater in all territories of the USSR. In 1939 he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, from 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)).

During the German-Soviet War he was evacuated in Kazan from 1941 to 1943 . There he suffered a severe heart attack that affected him greatly. In 1943 he was elected a full member of the AN-SSSR. 1943–1946 he worked on the expert councils for reconstruction and economic development. In 1944 he became chairman of the section for the scientific processing of water management problems of the AN-SSSR. He founded and then headed the Laboratory for Hydrogeological Problems of the AN-SSSR.

From 1930 Savarensky was a professor at the Moscow Geological Institute, which had been formed in 1930 from the Faculty of Geological Exploration of the Moscow Mining Academy. In 1934 he founded the chair for engineering geology there, which he then headed. 1935-1940 he was head of the department of hydrogeology and engineering geology of the geology institute of the AN-SSSR. Sawarenski's research into soil mechanics made important contributions to soil science.

Savarensky was married to Alewtina Alexejewna Uspenskaja, with whom he had two children: Yevgeny became a geophysicist , and Tatiana became an architectural historian . When Alewtina Alexewna died in 1938, Savarensky married her older sister Valentina Alexejewna for the second time.

Savarensky was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery.

The laboratory for hydrogeological problems of the AN-SSSR was named after Sawarenski. In 1947 the AN-SSSR Presidium announced the Sawarensky Prize for the best work in the field of hydrogeology and engineering geology.

Honors

• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1944)
• Medal "For heroic work in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (1945)
• Order of Lenin (1945)

Web links

• Literature by and about Fyodor Petrovich Savarensky in the bibliographic database WorldCat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Большая российская энциклопедия: САВАРЕ́НСКИЙ Фёдор Петрович (accessed April 17, 2019).
2. ↑ ^{a b} Пашкин Е. М., Саваренская Т. В .: Федор Петрович Саваренский, 1881–1946 . Nauka , Moscow 2003, ISBN 5-02-006468-8 .
3. ↑ ^{a b c} RAN: Саваренский Федор Петрович (accessed April 17, 2019).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Archiwy RAN: Саваренский Федор Петрович, (1881-1946), специалист в области инженерной инженерной геолегид (accessed on April 17, 2019 Сангенерной геоленский С43, С43, С43, С43, С43, С43, С43 on April 19, 2019 С43, С43, С43, С43, С43, С43, С43, April 19, 2019 С43, С43, С43, accessed on April 19, 2019, С43, С43, С43, С43 (accessed April 19 , 2019).
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Е. М. ПАШКИН, Ф. А. ПЕТРОВ, В. М. ШВЕЦ: ОСНОВОПОЛОЖНИК ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ГИДРОГЕОЛОГИИ И ИНЖЕНЕРНОЙ ГЕОЛОГИИ - К 125-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДКНЯ ЛЕТИЮ СО ДКНЯ РОЖАААНА.ДЕМ ДЕА.ИПЕМ СО. САВАРЕНСКОГО . In: ВЕСТНИК РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК . tape 76 , no. 3 , 2006, p. 246-251 ( ras.ru [accessed April 17, 2019]).
6. ↑ Вернадский В. И .: Задачи высшего образования нашего времени . In: Вестник воспитания . No. 5 , 1913, pp. 1-1a .
7. ↑ Саваренский Ф. П .: Может ли географ по образованию быть учителем географии в средней школе? In: Русские ведомости . No. 68 , 1909.
8. ↑ FP Savarensky: Hydrogeological sketch of the right bank of the Dnieper from the town of Nikopol to the villages and Tomakowka Bjelankoje (Only fd official use) . Research Society for Roads e. V. in the National Socialist. Association of German Technology , Berlin.