Hans Carossa

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Hans Carossa (1912)

Hans Carossa (born December 15, 1878 in Tölz , † September 12, 1956 in Rittsteig near Passau ) was a German writer ( poetry and short stories ) and doctor. He finally gave up his medical practice in order to devote himself entirely to his literary pursuits.

Life

Memorial plaque on Marktplatz 36 in Pilsting

Hans Carossa's father, Karl Carossa, was a doctor and specialized in the treatment of lung diseases. Hans Carossa attended the Humanist High School in Landshut from 1888 and passed his Abitur there in 1897. He then studied medicine in Munich and Würzburg and graduated in 1903 in Leipzig with the promotion of Doctor of Medicine from, with a thesis on time due to the Zweifel''schen method of stale perineal tears third degree . In 1904 he took over his father's practice in Passau. In those years he was friends with the patroness Auguste Unertl in Waldkirchen , the later writer Jules Siber and the later writer Emerenz Meier .

In 1906 he sent his own poems to Richard Dehmel and through him came into contact with Hugo von Hofmannsthal . He put him on to the Insel-Verlag , which from then on published all of Carossa's works. On July 11, 1907, he married Valerie Endlicher, with whom he already had a son, Hans Wilhelm Carossa (* October 20, 1906, † July 9, 1968). When she died on July 4, 1941 after a long illness, this enabled Carossa to legalize his relationship with Hedwig Kerber, which had existed since 1926, from which the daughter Eva Kampmann-Carossa, who was born in “August” in 1930 and who later became the editor of his letters and diaries and guardian of his estate. The marriage took place on July 7, 1942. In the figure of Hanna Cornet, he set a literary monument to his first wife in 1913 in his first prose piece, The Fate of Doctor Bürgers . The optics of the doctor is an integral part of Carossa's work, as is the case in The Doctor Gion (1931) and Diary of a Young Doctor (1955).

During the First World War , Carossa worked as a battalion doctor in the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 19 on the Romanian and Western Fronts from 1916 to 1918 . During his mission in December 1916, he amputated Father Rupert Mayer 's left leg. The diary-like work Romanian Diary was also created in Romania .

After the Nazi takeover of power in 1933, Carossa chose to emigrate to the interior and refused his appointment to the German Academy of Poetry . He also made his attitude clear through his lecture “Effects of Goethe in the Present”, given in June 1938 at the Goethe Society in Weimar. In it he committed himself to a "future realm of spirit and humanity, against state violence and dictatorial mania for conquest". However, in 1938 he accepted the Goethe Prize of the city of Frankfurt , and in 1941 at the European Poets 'Meeting, he was appointed President of the National Socialist “European Writers' Association”. “The next year he stayed away from the embarrassing event.” Despite his distance from the Nazi regime, Carossa was one of the most promoted writers. In 1944, in the final phase of the Second World War , Carossa was included by Hitler on the special list of the Gottbegnadetenliste with the six most important German writers.

Success and honors in neutral and friendly (fascist) foreign countries ( Premio San Remo 1939) and the financial rise - quadrupling his income in 1941 - met an internally distant Carossa who knew how to use his position. In 1941, for example, he successfully used his contacts with the Reich Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda Joseph Goebbels to obtain Alfred Mombert's release from the Gurs concentration camp and the approval of his departure into exile in Switzerland . Against the background of Austria's annexation on March 12th and the worsening Sudeten crisis , on June 8th, 1938, he gave the speech Effects of Goethe in the Present in front of the Goethe Society , in which he was astonishingly openly critical of the inhumanity and violence of the Nazi regime and on the politics of conquest with the aim of gaining a world empire: "The supernatural voice (Goethe's) that calls us to love, to protection and tolerance, to renounce violence, to renunciation, this redeeming voice is always audible for everyone". He closed the speech to the particularly endangered younger generation with the sentence: “Let us, those who are going and those who are coming, commit ourselves to the order of those for whom all the countries and seas of the world would not be sufficient if the kingdom of spirit and heart were to remain unconquered. “Shortly before the surrender in 1945, he pleaded in a letter to the mayor of Passau that the city should be surrendered without a fight and was sentenced to death in absentia for this; the rapid advance of the US Army saved him.

After the end of the war, after a short break, he was able to build on his earlier literary successes almost seamlessly and again became one of the most widely read German writers. In the Federal Republic of Germany it regained its popularity in the 1920s and 1930s. This was reflected in numerous honors and the festive contributions for the seventieth birthday. In contrast to many fellow travelers and conformists who kept silent, Carossa dealt with the Nazi era and his own role quite self-critically in various poems and his book Uneven Worlds from 1951. Like other writers and artists who did not decide to emigrate can, however, he was later confronted with extremely sharp criticism; Disguise and gloss over unequal worlds , portray the poet as apolitical and the National Socialists as a power of fate against which no resistance was possible.

Hans Carossa is the namesake of his former school Hans-Carossa-Gymnasium Landshut and the Hans-Carossa-Gymnasium in Berlin-Spandau , the elementary school in Pilsting (Lower Bavaria), the elementary school Passau-Heining - in the vicinity of which his last residence is as well as his Grab is located -, the Hans-Carossa-Klinik in Stühlingen and a large number of streets throughout Germany, including in Passau, Münster, Nuremberg and Berlin.

Awards and honors

Memorial plaque for Hans Carossa in Munich

A visit by Federal President Theodor Heuss was a special honor . After brief stays in Vilshofen and Aldersbach , the Federal President's motorcade drove to Rittsteig (at that time a small community near Passau, now incorporated) at around 6 p.m. Carossa's conversation with the Federal President, who was accompanied by Ministerialdirigent Boss, lasted a good hour. The main topic of the literary exchange of ideas was the publication of the poems by Hans Carossa by Theodor Heuss, which was done in the magazine Die Hilfe .

Numerous municipalities dedicated streets after his name, for example B. Altötting , Fürstenzell , Gauting , Heining , Hofkirchen , Karlsfeld , Leiblfing , Mainburg , Massing , Munich , Münster , Unterschleißheim , Schärding , Stephansposching , Straubing , Wallersdorf or Weil am Rhein .

Works (selection)

Handwriting Rauhes Land
  • Collected poems. Insel, Leipzig 1910.
  • The fate of Doctor Citizen. Insel, Leipzig 1913.
  • A childhood. Insel, Leipzig 1922.
  • Romanian diary. Insel, Leipzig 1924.
  • Transformations of a youth. Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1928; Reprint Wiesbaden 1949 and 1960.
  • The doctor Gion. A story. Insel, Leipzig, 1931; Reprint Insel-Verlag, Wiesbaden 1949.
  • Guidance and guidance. A memorial book. Insel, Leipzig 1933.
  • The old pocket player. Part of a worldly mystery. In: Der Kunstwart monthly books for art, literature and life 43, 1, 1929/1930, pp. 234–240, also in: Hans Carossa et al. (Ed.) Die Gabe. Seals and attachments. Wilhelm Hausenstein dedicated to Knorr & Hirth, Munich 1932, pp. 7-14, also Insel, Wiesbaden 1956, on his 50th birthday .
  • Secrets of the Mature Life. From Angermann's notes. 1936; Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-458-33164-6 .
  • The year of beautiful delusions. Insel, Leipzig 1941.
  • The poets' evening. From the story of a youth. Seifert, Hameln 1941.
  • Goethe in our time: the full price. Christophorus, Freiburg 1962 (record with reading by the author).
  • Star over the clearing: new poems. Insel Seifert, Hameln 1946.
  • Wintry Rome. Seifert, Hameln 1946.
  • Day in Terracina. Seifert, Hameln 1947.
  • Words on an ancient grave relief. Seifert, Hameln 1948.
  • Records from Italy. Association of Olten Book Friends, Olten 1946; Insel, Wiesbaden 1947; Seifert, Hameln 1948.
  • Unequal worlds. Insel, Wiesbaden 1951.
  • Journey to the eleven executioners. Frankfurt: Trajanus 1953.
  • Young Doctor's Day. Insel, Wiesbaden 1955.
  • The wife of good advice (1947). Insel, Wiesbaden 1956.
  • Complete Works , Vol. 1–2. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1962
  • Letters , Vol. 1–3, ed. by Eva Kampmann-Carossa. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1978–1981 (Vol. 1 in 2nd revised and expanded edition. Frankfurt am Main Leipzig 1978–97) ISBN 3-458-14980-5 ISBN 3-458-04987-8 ISBN 3-458-04982 -7
  • Diaries , Vol. 1–2, ed. by Eva Kampmann-Carossa. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1986–1993. ISBN 3-458-14312-2 ISBN 3-458-16512-6 .

Settings

  • Heinz Wimmer set several of Carossa's poems to music for voice and piano.

literature

  • Marion Stojetz: “A bright star shines out of deep evening”. World and nature view in the poetry of Hans Carossas. Weidler, Berlin 2005 (= Studium litterarum; 9), ISBN 3-89693-412-0 .
  • Italo Michele Battafarano: Italy in a black shirt. Erich Mühsam, Kasimir Edschmid, Hans Carossa. In: Michael Ewert, Martin Vialon (Ed.): Convergences. Studies on German and European literature. Festschrift for E. Theodor Voss . Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2000, ISBN 978-3-8260-1791-9 , pp. 111–128.
  • Hartmut Laufhütte (Ed.): Hans Carossa. Thirteen attempts at his work. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1991, ISBN 3-484-10671-9 .
  • Christiane Deussen: Memory as a justification. Autobiographies after 1945: Gottfried Benn - Hans Carossa - Arnolt Bronnen. Stauffenburg, Tübingen 1987 (= Stauffenburg-Colloquium; 6), ISBN 3-923721-36-6 .
  • Erich Unglaub : "Ancestry theory" with critical intent. Hans Carossa's autobiographical storytelling under the conditions of the Third Reich. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1985. (= European university publications; series 1, German language and literature; 876) ISBN 3-8204-8741-7 .
  • Henning Falkenstein: Hans Carossa. Colloquium-Verlag, Berlin 1983 (= heads of the 20th century; 98), ISBN 3-7678-0596-0 .
  • Volker Michels (Ed.): About Hans Carossa. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1979, ISBN 3-518-36997-0 .
  • Eva Kampmann-Carossa (ed.): Hans Carossa, life and work in the picture. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1978 (= Insel-Taschenbuch; 348), ISBN 3-458-32048-2 .
  • Hans Carossa. 1878-1956. With a foreword by Benno Reifenberg . Exhibition December 17, 1968 to February 28, 1969. (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München. Exhibition catalog 8). Bavarian State Library Munich, Munich 1968.

Web links

Wikiquote: Hans Carossa  - Quotes
Commons : Hans Carossa  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Carossa as a student. Website of the Hans-Carossa-Gymnasium Landshut.
  2. ↑ Hans Carossa: Diaries 1925 to 1935 , ed. by Eva Kampmann-Carossa. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1993, p. 670; Hans Carossa, letters 1919 to 1936, ed. by Eva Kampmann-Carossa. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1978, p. 209 (Letter No. 187 to Hedwig Kerber of August 17, 1930).
  3. ↑ See Johann Evangelist Karl (Hans) Carossa. In: Rauck data collection
  4. ^ Bavarian Main State Archives IV , z. B. 3233. War ranking.
  5. ↑ Mayer, Rupert: In the rest of the godly man . Butzon et al. Bercker, Kevelaer 1987, ISBN 3-7666-9529-0 , pp. 9 .
  6. ^ Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 94.
  7. ↑ a b c d Hans Göttler in Heimatglocken , Passauer Neue Presse, December 7, 2018.
  8. ^ A b Ernst Klee: The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 94.
  9. ↑ Klaus Harpprecht: The tragedy of simple decency. In: Die Zeit , No. 37/1993.
  10. ↑ Hans Carossa: Effects of Goethe in the present. Insel, Leipzig 1938, p. 28; P. 34.
  11. ↑ a b entry Carossa, Hans. In: Hans Sarkowics, Alf Mentzer: Literature in Nazi Germany. A biographical lexicon. Europa-Verlag: Hamburg / Vienna 2000.
  12. ^ Anton Kippenberg (ed.): Greetings from the island to Hans Carossa; December 15, 1948, Insel, Wiesbaden 1948; For Hans Carossa's 70th birthday. In: German contributions 2, 5, 1948, pp. 387-480; Rudolf Bach (Ed.): Hans Carossa. A bibliography for his 70th birthday, December 15, 1948. Die Waage, Murnau 1948.
  13. ↑ The meeting was probably between August 20 and 23, 1954 (see press report, Englburg and www.aldersbach.de)
  14. ^ Passauer Neue Presse, August 24, 1954
personal data
SURNAME Carossa, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lyric poet and writer
DATE OF BIRTH December 15, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Bad Tölz
DATE OF DEATH September 12, 1956
Place of death Rittsteig near Passau