Reign of Heinsberg

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Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806) .svg
Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Reign of Heinsberg
coat of arms
DEU Heinsberg COA.svg
map
General historical hand atlas - Germany in the 14th century.png
HRR in the 14th century - rule Heinsberg and its property (light green), northwest of Jülich and in the Siebengebirge
Alternative names Heymsberg reign
Form of rule Lordship or county
Ruler / government Lord or Count
Today's region / s DE-NW



Capitals / residences Heinsberg
Dynasties Flamenses
1191: Kleve
1246: Sponheim
Language / n German


Incorporated into 1484: Duchy of Jülich-Berg (Amt Heinsberg)


The rule of Heinsberg was a territory in the Holy Roman Empire . The main town was the city of Heinsberg in North Rhine-Westphalia . The most important member of the House of Heinsberg is Philipp von Heinsberg , Archbishop of Cologne and Arch Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire.

Ruins of Heinsberg Castle

Geographical location and economic base

The core area of ​​the rule Heinsberg coincided to a large extent with the area of ​​today's city of Heinsberg and comprised the part of the Selfkant landscape , which in the east of the Rur and the rest of the localities Brachelen , Lindern , Horst, Uetterath , Straeten , Waldenrath , Pütt , Laffeld , Kirchhoven and Karken is enclosed. The landscape of the area clearly differs in two parts, namely the flat valley of the Rur and Wurm with a high groundwater level (previously up to a meter deep), heavy clay soil and, at the time, extensive wet meadows and fractures, and one to the west and higher Part of the Rhine-Maasha main terrace to be separated from the Rurtal with good arable soil made of fine sandy loam . Climatically, the Heinsberger Land as part of the Lower Rhine lowlands is favored by mild winters, only moderately warm summers, even precipitation distribution over the year and a long vegetation period . The location on the Rur and Wurm allowed the operation of a large number of watermills (see under Wurm the explanations there, especially about the artificial mill channel Junge Wurm).

At times the rulers also received proceeds from the Schleidener Zoll , a group of road and river tariffs along the nearby Meuse as part of the Brabantian land tariff .

history

The first line of the lords of Heinsberg came from the Flamenses , who were lords / counts in the nearby Wassenberg . The second verifiable Count Gerhard II von Wassenberg had three sons: the eldest Heinrich, who succeeded him as Count von Wassenberg, Gerhard, of whom no further data can be proven, and the youngest Dietrich (* around 1035; † October 19, 1082). This "Dietrich Flamenses" was a witness in a Utrecht document in 1058, Count in the Veluwe in 1076 and Count in Teisterbant in 1078. He probably married Hedwig von Montaigu. The sons Gerhard and Goswin (I.) von Heinsberg (* around 1060; † April 10, 1128) emerged from the connection. Both brothers married into the family of the Saxon count palatine. Gerhard took Irmgard von Plötzkau as his wife, Goswin married Oda von Walbeck in 1085/90 . However, his brother Gerhard can also be traced in 1128 as Count von Heinsberg, while he was referred to in documents from 1118 and 1129 as “frater”. The children of the couple Goswin I and Oda were the two sons Gerhard and Goswin II. Oda von Walbeck donated the Gangolfus monastery to Heinsberg (cf. St. Gangolf (Heinsberg) .

The seat of the Lords of Heinsberg was Heinsberg Castle . In addition to the rule of Heinsberg, Goswin I inherited the rule of Valkenburg (alternative spelling: Falkenburg) east of Maastricht in what is now the Netherlands and can be traced back to 1085 as "Lord of Valkenburg" through his wife Oda . A son of the couple, Goswin II, also owned the imperial fiefs of Gangelt and Richterich for several years until they were given to him by King Konrad III. were withdrawn again. But because Goswin II refused to hand it over, Heinsberg was destroyed on the orders of the king in 1144 by troops led by Duke Heinrich of Limburg . The line of the Lords of Heinsberg originating from Goswin I. is also repeatedly referred to in contemporary documents with the title "Graf". Regardless of their relatively small territory, the Lords of Heinsberg belonged to the third military shield and thus to those Principes from which the younger imperial princes emerged in the 12th century. The members of the third shield included Siegfried, Goswin III. and Goswin IV charged with imperial tasks in Italy. The Lords of Heinsberg were able to maintain their independence based on the respective supremacy on the Lower Rhine: until 1288 ( Battle of Worringen ) on Kurköln , after 1288 on Brabant , after 1371 ( Battle of Baesweiler ) on Jülich and from the beginning of the 15th century on Brabant /Burgundy.

Through the marriage of Heinrich von Sponheim , former Sayn 's property came to the Heinsberger Haus, in particular the Löwenberg dominion around the Löwenburg in the Siebengebirge near Bad Honnef. Under Heinrich, who quickly dubbed himself Heinrich von Heinsberg, the place Heinsberg was first referred to as a city ​​in 1255 .

After the male line of the Counts of Loon (also called Loen or Looz) died out, the Counties of Loon and Chiny fell to Dietrich von Heinsberg as the son of Mechthilde (or Mathilde) von Loon. However, the county was under the sovereignty of the Diocese of Liège and was reclaimed from this as a settled fiefdom due to the extinction of the Count of Loon in the male line. The efforts of the Heinsbergers to keep the county were ultimately fruitless; Dietrich's nephew Gottfried sold his rights to his cousin Arnold von Rummen (Francophone: Rumigny), who tried just as unsuccessfully to keep the county. But the name Loen was retained.

The following son of the aforementioned Gottfried, Johann II., Also called the controversial, took part in the Battle of Kleverhamm in 1397 as an ally of the loser Wilhelm II von Berg and was captured during the course of the battle. He was only regained his freedom after paying a large ransom, which he had to pledge to finance. When it was foreseeable that Duke Rainald I von Jülich would remain without an heir in the male line, the possible heirs Adolf VII von Berg and Johann II, who was a son of Philippa von Jülich , agreed on a division of Jülich. According to a contract of 1420, Adolf was to receive three quarters and Johann the remaining quarter, called Jülich quarters . When Duke Rainald died in 1423, as agreed, Johann II von Loon-Heinsberg inherited next to Duke Adolf VII von Berg as another agnate a quarter of the Duchy of Jülich. Johann therefore also called himself Herr von Jülich . Johann and Adolf, who had a similar disposition, soon got into a dispute about their common inheritance, which was also fought at gunpoint.

With the extinction of the blankenheim line founded by Johann II's second son Wilhelm (see below), the Jülich Quart fell back to the Jülich ducal house in 1468. The male (main) line of the Lords of Heinsberg died out with Johann IV two decades earlier, in 1448. Via his daughter Johanna, who was married to Count Johann II of Nassau-Saarbrücken in 1456, and her daughter Elisabeth, the rule of Heinsberg came to Jülich-Berg as a result of Elisabeth's marriage to Duke Wilhelm III (IV) in 1472. After Elisabeth's death in 1479 without surviving descendants, the younger sister Johanna, married to Duke Johann I of Palatinate-Simmern , would also have been entitled to the rule in and for herself . Duke Wilhelm bought the inheritance in 1484 and the Heinsberger Land was incorporated into the Duchy of Jülich-Berg as the Office of Heinsberg in the same year.

Johann II. Von Loon-Heinsberg's second-born son Wilhelm founded a branch of the house between 1423 and 1468 through his marriage to Elisabeth von Blankenheim , which ruled over territories in the Eifel , in particular the county of Blankenheim with the dominions around the castles Gerolstein and Kasselburg . Wilhelm was followed by his son Gerhard von Loon as Lord von Jülich and Count von Blankenheim. After the death of his son, again called Wilhelm, without male descendants, the Blankenheim territories finally came to the County of Manderscheid by inheritance ; the Jülich quart held by the Blankenheim line fell back to the Jülich ducal family. Johann II. Great-grandson Wilhelm von Loon, Lord von Jülich and Count von Blankenheim, married like his uncle Johann III. with Margareta, the daughter of Frederick IV of Moers , a member of the Moers counts.

View of the castle ruins and the former collegiate church St. Gangolf in Heinsberg

List of gentlemen von Heinsberg

House Wassenberg (Flamenses)

  • Goswin I, also Lord of Valkenburg (* around 1035, † October 19, 1082), the son of Dietrich Flamenses ; ⚭ Oda von Walbeck († 1152), daughter of Siegfried von Walbeck, Count in Derlingau
  • Gerhard I. von Heinsberg († 1128/29), brother of Goswin I .; ⚭ Irmgard von Plötzkau († 1153), daughter of Dietrich Graf von Plötzkau and Mathilde von Walbeck
  • Goswin II., 1128–66 von Valkenburg, 1130 von Heinsberg († April 8, 1168), brother of Gerhard II; ⚭ Adelheid (or Aleidis) von Sommerschenburg , daughter of Friedrich V. Count Palatine of Saxony , and Adelheid von Laufen
  • Gottfried, 1169 von Heinsberg († before 1185), according to another source around 1190/1191, son of Goswin II and the Aleidis von Sommerschenburg; ⚭ Sophie († probably 1185), probably daughter of Count Adalbert von Nörvenich
  • Adelheid (or Aleidis), mistress of Heinsberg (1190–1207) attested, daughter of Gottfried; ⚭ Arnold II , Count of Kleve

House of Kleve

House Sponheim

  • Heinrich von Sponheim († probably 1258), 1247 Lord of Heinsberg, 1248 Lord of Freusburg , Löwenberg , Blankenberg , Saffenberg and Hülchrath
  • Dietrich III. († 1303), Herr von Heinsberg and Blankenberg, son of the aforementioned, ⚭ Johanna von Löwen , daughter of Gottfried, Herr von Gaesbeek
  • Gottfried I († 1331), Lord of Heinsberg and Blankenberg, son of the aforementioned; ⚭ Mechthild von Loon and Chiny , † 1313, daughter of Arnold IV , Count von Loon
  • Dietrich IV. († 1361), Lord von Heinsberg and Blankenberg, from 1336 as heir to his mother's brother, also Count von Loon and Chiny, son of the aforementioned; ⚭ Kunigunde von der Mark († after 1343), daughter of Count Eberhard I. von der Mark
  • Gottfried III. von Loon († 1395), Lord von Dalenbroich and Heinsberg, Count von Loon and Chiny, son of Johann I, the brother of the aforementioned and Aleidis von Cuyck (see below); ⚭ Philippa von Jülich († 1390), daughter of Wilhelm , Duke of Jülich
  • Johann II. Von Loon-Heinsberg, called the arguing († 1438), son of Gottfried II., Lord of Jülich, Heinsberg, Löwenberg and Millen; ⚭ I Margareta von Gennep († 1419), heiress of half of Gennep; ⚭ II Anna von Solms († 1433), daughter of Otto I. zu Solms-Braunfels , Count of Solms-Braunfels († 1433)
  • Johann III. († 1443), son of Johann II from his first marriage, Mr. zu Heinsberg and Löwenberg; ⚭ Walpurgis von Moers, daughter of Friedrich III. , Count of Moers and Saar Werden
  • Johann IV. († 1448), son Johann III., Lord of Heinsberg and Diest ; ⚭ Johanna von Diest († before 1442), Countess of Antwerp, daughter of Johann
  • Johanna von Loon-Heinsberg († 1469), daughter of the aforementioned, heiress of Heinsberg, Geilenkirchen , Dalenbroich, Diest etc., ⚭ 1456 Count Johann II of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1423–1472)

Other well-known members of the Heinsberg family:

Pictorial representations of members of the Heinsberg family, coat of arms

  • High grave of Archbishop and Chancellor Philipp von Heinsberg in Cologne Cathedral

  • High grave of Mechthilde von Heinsberg and her husband Dedo V, the Feist, in Wechselburg

  • Grave slab of Archbishop Engelbert II von Heinsberg-Valkenburg in Bonn Minster (west choir)

  • Beatrix von Falkenburg

  • High grave Johann II von Heinsberg († 1438), his wife Margarethe von Gennep († 1419) and their son Johann III. von Heinsberg († 1443) (from left to right) in St. Gangolf (Heinsberg)

  • Johann IV of Nassau and his wife Maria von Loon-Heinsberg on a drawing by the painter Bernard van Orley, around 1538–1540

  • Depiction of Maria von Loon-Heinsberg on the magnificent grave Engelbrecht I of Nassau in the Grote Kerk in Breda

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Kleve (ancestors of the second Lords of Heinsberg)

  • Coat of arms of the Spanheim family and the county of Sponheim (ancestors of the third lords of Heinsberg)

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Loon and Chiny adH Heinsberg

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Duchy of Geldern, part 1, essays / Ralf G. Jahn, in: Genealogie der Vögte, Counts and Dukes of Geldern , 2001, Geldern, editors: Johannes Stinner and Karl-Heinz Tekath, pp. 32 + 44.
  2. ^ Severin Corsten , August Lentz in: Home calendar of the Selfkantkreis Geilenkirchen-Heinsberg 1972 , self-published by the Kreis Geilenkirchen-Heinsberg, Geilenkirchen 1972, p. 11 ff.
  3. ^ Severin Corsten in: Corsten, Gillessen: Philipp von Heinsberg, Archbishop and Imperial Chancellor, Studies and Sources. Museum publications of the district of Heinsberg, volume 12. Self-published by the district of Heinsberg, Heinsberg 1991, ISBN 3-925620-08-7 , p. 7 ff.
  4. ^ Severin Corsten: The Domanialgut in Amt Heinsberg from the beginning to the end of the 18th century . Röhrscheid, Bonn 1953 (= Rheinisches Archiv. Volume 43, ISSN  0933-5102 ), page 38
  5. ↑ Cf. E. von Schaumburg: The Battle of Cleverhamm, June 7, 1397 . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein (1861), pp. 81-106, esp. Pp. 97, 99, 101 and 103f ( Google Books ).
  6. ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, in: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, document 125 . 1858, Volume 4 / 1401-1609, p. [169] 143. Online version
  7. ^ Severin Corsten: The attack from Heinsberg soldiers on the cathedral in Aachen (1428) , in: Heimatkalender des Kreis Heinsberg 2011 . Self-published by the Heinsberg district, Heinsberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-925620-32-4 , page 27 ff.
  8. ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, in: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, document 346 . 1858, Volume 4 / 1401-1609, p. [462] 436. Online version
  9. ↑ Lacomblet, Theodor Joseph: Archive for the history of the Lower Rhine. In: IV. The Lehnhöfe on the Lower Rhine . Volume 4, 1863, Düsseldorf, p. [410] 398. Online version
  10. ↑ Uwe Korbella in: Local calendar of the Heinsberg district 2011 . Self-published by the district of Heinsberg, Heinsberg 2011, p. 32 ff.
  11. ↑ Uwe Korbella in: Heimatkalender des Kreis Heinsberg 2011. Self-published by the Kreis Heinsberg, Heinsberg 2011, p. 36