Italians in Düsseldorf

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As of December 31, 2007, Italians in Düsseldorf made upthe third largest group of foreign citizens after Turks and Greeks with 6890 people. Thus they made uparound 1.2 percent ofthe total population (585,858 inhabitants) of Düsseldorf , and around 6.9 percent of the foreign population (100,572 inhabitants).

history

Electress Anna Maria Luisa de 'Medici , unknown artist, 1691
Arcangelo Corelli , painted by Jan Frans van Douwen
Antonio Bellucci : Minerva, Mercury and Plutus pay homage to the Electress Anna Maria Luisa , after 1706

1548, in the reign of William the Rich (1539-1591), at Düsseldorf's Court of the United Duchies Jülich-Cleves-Berg composed of Bologna native fortress architect of Older Alessandro Pasqualini as national builders historically tangible. To strengthen the city fortifications, he was initially commissioned from 1549 to build a citadel immediately south of the city on the Rhine , within the walls of which the construction of a new ducal palace based on the scheme of the palazzo in fortezza was also considered at times. Alessandro Pasqualini the Elder managed the construction of a representative Renaissance castle until his death in 1559 , of which the tower on Burgplatz is still preserved today. In the second half of the 16th century, a son of the court architect, Alexander Pasqualini the Younger, can be identified in the city. The construction of the town hall on the market square was based on his designs . One of his sisters is mentioned as a lady- in- waiting in Düsseldorf.

During the reigns of Wolfgang William and Philip William of the Palatinate were (1653-1679) at the magnificent bergischen jülich- Hof in Dusseldorf next to the Chief Engineer John (Giovanni) Lollio (called Sadeler), the architect of the first castle Benrath , and Italian conductor and composer engaged as experts in Italian music, including Giacomo Negri, Egidio Hennio, Giovanni Battista Mocchi and Biagio Marini . Philipp Wilhelm's son, who later became Elector Jan Wellem , was also fond of Italian music; the Italians Carlo Luigi Pietragrua , Sebastiano Moratelli and Agostino Steffani , the latter as president of the Electoral Palatinate government, which was then based in Düsseldorf, also worked politically at his court Hand of the elector. Three of Steffani's operas were premiered in the opera house on Mühlenstrasse: Arminio (1707), Tassilone and Amor viene dal destino (1709). Jan Wellems court poet and secretary Stefano Benedetto Pallavicini wrote libretti for Düsseldorf operas . The Düsseldorf court chamber councilor Giorgio Maria Rapparini also worked as a librettist . Agostino Steffani, who as President of the Electorate of the Palatinate and Apostolic Vicar primarily carried out political tasks, was the one who brought the 25-year-old Georg Friedrich Händel to Düsseldorf in August 1710 to perform his music to the Elector couple. Whether Arcangelo Corelli , who sent the elector a chamber concert in 1708, stayed at the Düsseldorf court, is not documented. In any case, the Concerti grossi op. 6 Corellis , which only appeared posthumously in Amsterdam in 1714, were dedicated to Elector Jan Wellem in 1712 at the instigation of Cardinalnepot Pietro Ottoboni .

Entourage of Anna de 'Medici

In the wake of his second wife, Anna Maria Luisa de 'Medici , a daughter of the Grand Duke of Tuscany , a number of Italian merchants came to the city from 1692 and brought new features into its economic life. An Italian banker named Feretti is mentioned as a financial advisor at the court at that time. Her personal physician Giovanni Cosimo Bonomo came to Düsseldorf with the Electress in 1692 . He inscribed himself in the memory of mankind by discovering grave mites as the cause of scabies . The introduction of Italian carnival customs at the Düsseldorf court is also attributed to Anna Maria Luisa de 'Medici. In 1695 Jan Wellem brought the Italian-Flemish sculptor Gabriel Grupello to Düsseldorf. To glorify the elector, he created the well-known Jan Wellem equestrian monument on the market square . Jan Wellem also brought the Venetian architect Matteo Alberti to his court, where he was raised to the nobility of the Electorate of the Palatinate as Count d'Alberti on March 3, 1695 and has since held a prominent position alongside Grupello. He designed the Carmelite convent of St. Joseph and the convent of the Coelestines in Düsseldorf. The Venetian Giacomo Leoni , who later became important as a pioneer of Palladianism in England, had been a student of Alberti in Düsseldorf for several years.

residence

Domenico Martinelli also worked in Düsseldorf to carry out the baroque expansion of the residential palace . Antonio Bellucci and Giovanni Francesco Cassioni were among the Italian painters whom Jan Wellem brought to his court . In 1704, the sculptor Benedetto Antonucci, the painters Domenico Zanetti , Antonio and Fabrizio Bernardi, the plasterers Luca and Carlo Bonaveri and Francesco Orsolini, the plasterer Camillo Gualandi (Gualardi) and the gilder Antonio Busi and his wife were in the service of the elector. In 1713 the already established painter Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini came to the electoral court from London . 1716–1717 the Venetian master builder Simone del Sarto (Simon Sarto) built the mausoleum in the apse of the court and Jesuit church of St. Andreas as the burial place of the Düsseldorf Wittelsbach family . In 1697 the elector organized the wedding celebrations for his brother-in-law Gian Gastone de 'Medici to Anna Maria Franziska von Sachsen-Lauenburg in the Düsseldorf castle . The luckless and childless relationship between the unequal couple, however, led to a fiasco and the downfall of the Medici family . Electress Anna Maria Luisa, who had always remained Italian during her 26-year stay on the Rhine and in Neuburg, had always surrounded herself with Italian court staff and artists and had never really learned German, returned to Tuscany after her husband's death. With the death of the Elector and the departure of the Electress, court life and the Baroque heyday of Düsseldorf died out. Only troops of comedians, half acrobats, half musicians, met in the Zuccarini brothers' coffee house on Burgplatz . However, the Italian language remained - alongside French and German - the language of the Düsseldorf aristocracy until the end of the 18th century . Due to the picture gallery built during Anna Maria Luisa's time in Düsseldorf , in 1774, when the Swedish philologist and research traveler Jakob Jonas Björnståhl explored the cultural life of the Jülich-Bergische capital, the fame of the Italian Electress was so strong and glorified that he thought the Medicean and her Entourage would have "introduced the arts and founded the feeling of the beautiful."

In the 1760s, the plasterer Giuseppe Antonio Albuccio was engaged in the interior decoration of the Jägerhof and Benrath palaces on behalf of Elector Carl Theodor . An important merchant in the city was the haberdashery and perfume dealer Julius Caesar Farina (1750-1829), offspring of the Italian Farina family , who had settled in Düsseldorf in the 18th century, coming from Santa Maria Maggiore in Piedmont . Another offspring of Italian immigrants was the merchant Lorenz Cantador , who was in command of the municipal militia during the German Revolution of 1848/49 and who advocated popular sovereignty in various political campaigns .

Bergisches

From 1808 to 1813 Napoleon Bonaparte , a native of Corsica , Emperor of the French since 1804 and King of Italy since 1805 , held the reign of the Grand Duchy of Berg . When he visited his capital Düsseldorf in 1811, he was greeted with a ceremony. The Kaiserstraße and the Napoleonsberg in the Hofgarten are a reminder of this time. Even though Napoleon is not directly considered an Italian, because shortly before his birth the Republic of Genoa had sold Corsica to France, his Corsican origins nevertheless made him deeply rooted in the Italian way of life, which was expressed, for example, in his strong sense of family. It was thanks to this sense of family that his sister Caroline was elevated to Grand Duchess von Berg by Napoleon in 1806 at the side of her husband Joachim Murat . However , she had never entered her Grand Duchy and its capital Düsseldorf.

Modern

While until the middle of the 20th century Italians in Düsseldorf can only be traced in the course of a transit, a temporary stay or an isolated settlement, for example the settlement of Pietro da Forno in 1912, who made ice cream in Düsseldorf before the First World War and the Ice began as developed by about 1960, in connection with the economic miracle of Germany, a brisk influx of Italians designated economic rise, especially from the agrarian southern Italian regions of Calabria , Sicily , Basilicata and Puglia (see Italians in Germany ). A Düsseldorf company that recruited Italian guest workers in particular at the time was the Gerresheimer Glashütte . In the 1960s the Archdiocese of Cologne already had two full-time Italian preachers and in 1964 set up a branch in Düsseldorf. There was a growing need for further Italian missio cum cura animarum in the surrounding area, which followed in 1966 in Neuss and Remscheid, for example. Catholic services in Italian are held in the churches of St. Catherine and Holy Trinity . The Missione Cattolica Italiana maintains a Catholic pastoral office for Italians at Ludwig-Wolker-Straße 10 in Pempelfort . The community center of the Missione Cattolica Italiana is located at Becherstraße 25 in Derendorf .

Today's importance of the Italians in Düsseldorf

With numerous ice cream parlors , restaurants and pizzerias , Italians have a major impact on the gastronomy of the state capital Düsseldorf today. They are represented in all parts of the city, typically in the form of family businesses . The districts of Pempelfort , Oberkassel and the old town are considered to be the special focus and concentration areas of the Italian-influenced gastronomy . Many delicatessen shops with a special selection of food and alcoholic beverages of Italian origin or recipes are run by Italians. In small businesses like hairdressers, tailors and small traders are also common Italians found. In Gerresheim , an area of ​​company apartments on Heyestrasse is nicknamed Little Italy because it has been densely populated by Italians for several decades. In the 2003/04 season, the Campanian football coach Massimo Morales helped his fourth division club Fortuna Düsseldorf to move up to the regional football league .

Well-known Italians today with a connection to Düsseldorf

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State capital Düsseldorf: 2nd Annual Report, Integration Office 2007. (PDF; 1.8 MB) p. 8, accessed on December 3, 2010
  2. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt : Brief history of the city of Düsseldorf. 9th revised edition. Düsseldorf 1983, ISBN 3-7998-000-X , p. 41.
  3. ↑ Friends of the “Fortress Citadel Jülich eV”: Alessandro Pasqualini (1493–1559). An Italian builder in Jülich. ( Memento of the original from June 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 4, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.juelich.de
  4. ^ Rainer Peters: Bourgeois musical culture of Düsseldorf in the 18th and 19th centuries . In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): Düsseldorf in the German intellectual history . Schwann-Bagel Verlag, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5 , p. 357
  5. ↑ Arie Tutto tremo from the opera Tassilone by Agostino Steffani in the portal YouTube , accessed 4 February 2012
  6. ^ Wolfgang Horn: Anna Maria Luisa and the music. Notes on musical practice at the court of Elector Johann Wilhelm von der Pfalz. In: Stadtmuseum Düsseldorf: Anna Maria Luisa Medici. Electress of the Palatinate. Article in the exhibition catalog, Verlag R. Meyer, Düsseldorf 1988, p. 109
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Horn, ibid.
  8. ↑ Recording of the Concerti grossi op. 6 on YouTube [1] , accessed on December 4, 2010
  9. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt: Brief history of the city of Düsseldorf. 1983, pp. 57-62.
  10. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt: Brief history of the city of Düsseldorf . Triltsch Verlag, Düsseldorf 1983, ninth revised edition, p. 63
  11. ↑ Christina Frohn: “A great striving becomes commendable if it is short and meaningful” - Carnival in Cologne, Düsseldorf and Aachen 1823–1914 . Inauguraldisseration, Rheinische Friedrichs-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 1999, p. 37 ( PDF ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to instructions and then remove this notice. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dgv-1823.de
  12. ^ Else Rümmler: Düsseldorf at the time of Johann Wilhelm and Anna Maria Luisa. In: Stadtmuseum Düsseldorf: Anna Maria Luisa Medici. Electress of the Palatinate. Article in the exhibition catalog, Verlag R. Meyer, Düsseldorf 1988, p. 31
  13. ↑ See also: Architecture in Düsseldorf
  14. ↑ Else Rümmler, ibid.
  15. ↑ Elizabeth Hemfort: The art-loving princess. About Anna Maria Luisa's share in Johann Wilhelm's artistic endeavors. In: Stadtmuseum Düsseldorf: Anna Maria Luisa Medici. Electress of the Palatinate. Article in the exhibition catalog, Verlag R. Meyer, Düsseldorf 1988, p. 77
  16. ↑ Rainer Peters, p. 358
  17. ^ Karl Leopold Strauven : About artistic life and work in Düsseldorf up to the Düsseldorf painting school under director Schadow . Hofdruckerei von H. Voss, Düsseldorf 1862, p. 86 ( Google Books )
  18. ^ City Museum Düsseldorf: Anna Maria Luisa Medici. Electress of the Palatinate. , Foreword by Karl Bernd Heppe and Wieland König to the exhibition catalog, Verlag R. Meyer, Düsseldorf 1988
  19. ↑ Otto Schmitz: The Golzheimer Friedhof. A stroll through the old cemetery in Düsseldorf ; Page A 6/3; Verlag Traugott Bautz, Nordhausen 2005, ISBN 3-88309-333-5
  20. ↑ 1717 Carl Hieronymus Farina settled in Düsseldorf, a brother of Johann Maria Farina III. in Cologne . Before that he was a partner in the company “Gebr. Farina & Comp. ” In Cologne.
  21. ↑ Anke Kronemeyer: Ice cream parlor Da Forno - Big celebration for the 100th anniversary , article from May 29, 2012 in the RP ONLINE portal , accessed on June 30, 2012
  22. ↑ Ute Rasch: “La dolce Vita” on the Rhine . Article from September 5, 2015 in the portal rp-online.de , accessed on September 5, 2015
  23. ↑ Cristina Fernández Molina: Catholic parishes with other mother tongues in the Federal Republic of Germany: canonical position and pastoral situation in the dioceses in the context of European and German migration policy . Frank & Timme GmbH, 2005, ISBN 978-3-86596-016-0 ( google.com [accessed October 1, 2015]).