Johann Baptist Gunetzrhainer

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Johann Baptist Gunetzrhainer (born May 3 or 4, 1692 in Munich ; † November 23, 1763 ) was the court architect ("master mason") in the Electorate of Bavaria . Johann Baptist, who was a brother-in-law of Johann Michael Fischer , is the best-known member of the Gunetzrhainer family of baroque builders . His works can be found - in accordance with the boundaries of the principality at that time - in Munich, southern Bavaria and today's Austria.

family

The Gunetzrhainer family came from near Miesbach (Untergunetsrain farm in the Agatharied district of the Hausham community ). Already in the early baroque period there was a plastering school in Miesbach and in the nearby Schliersee, which probably influenced the development of the Gunetzrhain building tradition. Other members of the family are Paul, Wolf, Johann Georg (1691–1766), Kaspar, Martin and Ignaz Anton Gunetzrhainer (1698–1764). With the latter, his brother, JB Gunetzrhainer worked several times together on a building. In addition to the more famous master builders Enrico Zuccalli , Giovanni Antonio Viscardi , Joseph Effner , François de Cuvilliés , Johann Baptist Zimmermann and Dominikus Zimmermann and others, the Gunetzrhainers also play an important role in the ecclesiastical and secular architecture of the Bavarian Baroque, especially in Munich and the surrounding area, but also in Bavarian Swabia.

Life and meaning

Johann Baptist Gunetzrhainer was the son of the Munich city mason Martin Gunetzrhainer (1639–1699) and brother of the builder Ignaz Anton Gunetzrhainer . He was the first person from Munich in the Electorate of Bavaria to become a court architect. Johann Baptist Gunetzrhainer belonged to the circle around Joseph Effner , whose successor as court architect he was.

He completed his high school studies at the Jesuit high school in Munich in 1709 .

In 1726 he bought a house at Promenadeplatz 15, which he redesigned himself in 1730. It is known today as the Gunetzrhainerhaus . Badly destroyed in World War II, it was reconstructed in 1960.

Under Joseph Effner, Johann Baptist Gunetzrhainer initially worked as a “civil engineer”, especially in the castles Forstenried and Nymphenburg , and he also worked on the electoral Schwaige Schleißheim .

He then worked in Augsburg, Mering, Munich, Deggendorf, Schärding, Tegernsee, Achleiten , Mattinghofen, Landshut, Regensburg, Waakirchen and Ruhpolding, among others .

In 1745 Johann Baptist Gunetzrhainer was appointed chief master builder to succeed Joseph Effner. After his appointment as court builder, a focus was on the preparation of reports and administrative activities (the artistically gifted Cuvilliés did not speak German and was therefore not entrusted with administrative tasks). In 1750 he was promoted to court chamber councilor and inspector of the electoral court and pleasure gardens. Nevertheless, he was more and more in the shadow of François de Cuvillié. Works from this period include the redesign of the sequence of rooms in the “Elector's Room” of the Munich Residence , Dachau Castle , the Toerring-Jettenbach Palace , as well as the monastery church in Schäftlarn and the Freising Premonstratensian Church .

The architectural work of Johann Baptist Gunetzrhainer was particularly influenced by Giovanni Antonio Viscardi, the leading architect of the time. Due to the frequent collaboration between the Gunetzrhainer family and other architects, there were occasional conflicts, but mostly they combined the various contributions harmoniously. The Gunetzrhainers, most famous of all Johann Baptist, shaped their own Bavarian note in European baroque architecture, characterized by a certain lightness and playfulness, which distinguishes them from the style of the Italian and French builders.

The state secondary school in Miesbach was named “Gunetzrhainer Realschule” in honor of the master builder family.

Works

(no claim to completeness)

  • Munich:
    • Palais Toerring-Jettenbach (Palace of Count Ignaz Felix von Törring-Jettenbach )
    • Suresnes Castle (Werneckschlösschen) in Schwabing, 1715 to 1718 based on the model of the “Château de Suresnes ” near Paris. Client: Franz Xaver Ignaz von Wilhelm , Cabinet Secretary of the Bavarian Elector Max Emanuel, (attribution).
    • Herzogspitalkirche “St. Elisabeth “ : New building based on plans by JB Gunetzrhainer, inaugurated in 1727.
    • Gunetzrhainer House , redesign in 1730
    • Palais Morawitzky, at Löwengrube 7 in Munich (around 1740; destroyed)
    • Ladies' Collegiate Church “St. Anna “ : 1732 / 33–1735 based on plans by JB Gunetzrhainer. Previous attribution now secured by the findings of S. Stadl. Execution by Ignaz Anton Gunetzrhainer. Badly damaged in World War II, reconstruction by Erwin Schleich in 1980 .
    • Munich Residence : Elector's room above the Antiquarium, expansion and modernization in the Baroque style 1746–1748. 1760–1763 again by François Cuvilliés in the Rococo style. Client: Elector Max III. Joseph (ruled 1745–1777). Destroyed in the Second World War, the main features of it restored from preserved remains.
    • Nymphenburg Palace : 1753–1757 new theater hall in the north wing, “Hubertussaal” on the first floor, two large orangery rooms on the ground floor. Client: Elector Max III. Joseph.

literature

  • Lothar Altmann: Heilig Kreuz Schönbrunn (art guide; 2345), 1st edition, Regensburg: Schnell and Steiner, 1998, ISBN 3-7954-6138-3 .
  • Hanna Katharina Dornieden: The Bavarian court architect Johann Gunezrhainer (1692-1763) , Petersberg: Imhof 2019 ISBN 978-3-7319-0517-2 .
  • Martin Hinterseer: The Gunetzrhainer builders in the baroque age , (Miesbacher Hefte; 21), Miesbach: Gymnasium, 1997.
  • Martin Hinterseer: The Gunetzrhainers. Contributions to local history , (Miesbacher Hefte; 21), WF Mayr-Verlag, Miesbach, 1997
  • Franz Peter: About the church buildings by JM Fischer and the Gunetzrhainer brothers: who designed the Sigmertshausen church? , in Amperland, Dachau, vol. 37, 2001, no. 3, pp. 441-449.
  • Hans Reuther :  Gunetzrhainer, Johann Baptist. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 321 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Susanne Stadl: The artistic activity of the Salesians in the German-speaking area: Vienna - Munich - Amberg . in: Kunstform 7, No. 1, Lindenberg: Josef Fink, 2006.
  • Barbara Straub: The court architect Johann Baptist Gunezrhainer and his church architecture. A research report. , Master's thesis, Art History Institute of the University of Munich, 1998.
  • Helene Voelcker: Die Baumeister Gunezrhainer , Munich, Univ., Phil. Diss., March 1, 1923.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Max Leitschuh: The matriculations of the upper classes of the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich, 4 vol., Munich 1970–1976; Vol., P. 152 (there: Gunezrainer).
personal data
SURNAME Gunetzrhainer, Johann Baptist
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gunezrhainer, Johann Baptist; Gunezrainer, Johann Baptist; Gunetzrainer, Johann Baptist
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Court architect in the Electorate of Bavaria
DATE OF BIRTH May 3, 1692 or May 4, 1692
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH November 23, 1763