Junkers CL.I

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Junkers CL.I
Junkers CL.I
Type: Ground attack aircraft
Design country:

German EmpireThe German Imperium German Empire

Manufacturer:

Junkers & Co.

First flight:

May 4, 1918

Commissioning:

1918

Production time:

1918 to 1919

Number of pieces:

43

The Junkers Cl.i (factory designation J 10) was a two-seat slaughter and protecting aircraft of the German Air Force in the First World War .

development

In 1918, the designer Hugo Junkers developed the Junkers J 8 , which was not suitable for production, into the single-seat Junkers DI fighter aircraft and the two - seat low- wing aircraft in all-metal construction made of duralumin sheet with the factory designation J.10.

At that time, his Junkers JI had already proven itself as an all-metal aircraft in the great German spring offensive in 1918 . Its bullet resistance and the resulting relative safety for the crew made the machine particularly suitable for low-level flight missions in close air support for the infantry. In addition, in contrast to the other canvas-covered or wood-paneled aircraft, it could be parked outdoors without any further protection, which saves effort and time when laying and simplifies maintenance.

The prototype with a 160 hp Mercedes D.III engine completed its maiden flight on May 4, 1918 and was given the military designation Junkers CL.I as a battle and protection aircraft .

Production of the aircraft started in the summer of 1918. The over-compressed and therefore more powerful Mercedes D.IIIaü was used for the series machines and the wingspan was shortened somewhat. Equipped as attack aircraft, the aircraft were given small containers to the side of the observer stand for the dropping of hand grenades or small bombs, known as "flying mice". A total of 43 of this type were built, but only 6 of them were completed by the end of the war.

There were two variants. The first had a Mercedes D IIIaü with 160 hp (118 kW), the second variant, the Junkers CLS.I seaplane (factory designation J.11, marine designation C3MG) for the Imperial Navy , was powered by a 185 hp BMW IIIa , the achieved better altitude performance.

commitment

Too few aircraft had reached the front by the end of the war. Some machines were used by the Freikorps in 1919 in the fight against the Bolsheviks in Finland and the Baltic States .

After the war, a number of these aircraft were used as courier and passenger aircraft. Some of these machines were rebuilt at Junkers and equipped with a closed cabin for the passenger and, among other things, carried mail and passengers between Weimar and Dessau in March 1919 .

Based on the experience with the J 10 in the civilian version, considerations were made for the Junkers J 12 , but these quickly led to the development of the Junkers F 13 .

Technical specifications

The float variant CLS.I
Parameter CL.I CLS.I
Intended use Attack aircraft Naval fighter
Construction year 1918
number of pieces 43 3
crew 2
length 7.90 m 8.95 m with floats
span 12.05 m 12.75 m
height 2.65 m 3.05 m
Wing area 23.4 m² 26.60 m²
Empty mass 735 kg 914 kg
Takeoff mass 1255 kg 1420 kg
Top speed 169 km / h 180 km / h
Rise time 3.54 min at 1000 m
14 min climbing time at 3000 m
30 min at 5000 m
Service ceiling 6000 m 5200 m
Range 380 km 720 km
Flight duration 2 h
drive 1 water-cooled six - cylinder in - line engine
Type Mercedes D.IIIaü ; 180 hp (132 kW) BMW IIIa ; 185 hp (136 kW)
Armament 3 MG 7.92 × 57 mm (2 MG LMG 08/15, 1 MG 14 Parabellum),
50 kg bombs 		3 MG 7.92 × 57 mm (2 MG LMG 08/15, 1 MG 14 Parabellum)

See also

literature

  • Enzo Angelucci, Paolo Matricardi: Airplanes. From the beginnings to the 1st World War (= Falken-Handbuch in color. Vol. 391). Falken-Verlag Sicker, Wiesbaden 1976, ISBN 3-8068-0391-9 .
  • Karlheinz Kens, Hanns Müller: The aircraft of the First World War, 1914–1918. A collection of aircraft types. With 120 type descriptions. 6th edition. Heyne, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-453-00404-3 .
  • Günter Kroschel, Helmut Stützer: The German military aircraft 1910–1918. In 127 four-sided tears on a scale of 1: 144. Lohse-Eissing, Wilhelmshaven 1977, ISBN 3-920602-18-8 .
  • Kenneth Munson: Warplanes. Fighter and training aircraft 1914–1919. 2nd, revised edition. Orell Füssli, Zurich 1976, ISBN 3-280-00824-7 , p. 24 and p. 121–122.
  • Heinz Nowarra: The Development of Airplanes 1914–1918. Lehmanns, Munich 1959.
  • Karl R. Pawlas: German Aircraft 1914-1918. A documentation (= aviation documents . Vol. 20). Publizistisches Archiv Pawlas, Nuremberg 1976, ISBN 3-88088-209-6 , pp. 63–65.
  • Wolfgang Mühlbauer: Junkers J 9 and J 10 - The trailblazers . In: Flugzeug Classic . tape 9 , no. 5 , 2008, ISSN  1617-0725 , p. 28-33 .

Web links

Commons : Junkers CL.I  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Protection aircraft were escort fighters for the heavier C-aircraft, which had to be secured against enemy fighter attacks in order to fulfill their mission in reconnaissance or artillery observation missions
  2. ↑ cf. Kroschel; According to Kens, 47 pieces were made
  3. ↑ according to Kroschel; on the other hand 12.20 m according to Nowarra, according to Antolucci and Munson: 12.05 m; it can be assumed that the larger range stated by some historians relates to the prototype
  4. ↑ cf. Antolucci and Munson; According to Nowarra and Kroschel, however, 3.10 m
  5. ↑ according to Kroschel on the other hand 27.7 m²; it can be assumed, however, that the larger range specification relates to the prototype
  6. ↑ Prototype 100 kg lighter
  7. ↑ cf. Munson and Kens.
  8. ↑ according to Antolucci 169 km / h
  9. ↑ according to Kroschel 8000 m
  10. ↑ according to Munson 1 h 30 min
  11. ↑ on the other hand according to Kroschel Benz Bz. IIIb with 195 PS (143 kW)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ according to Kroschel and Munson.
  2. ↑ according to Kroschel
  3. ↑ according to Nowarra, 1959