Karlovasi

Municipality of Karlovasia / Karlovasi Δημοτική κοινότητα Καρλοβασίων (Καρλόβασι)
Basic data
Country	Greece
region	North Aegean
Regional district	Samos
local community	Dytiki Samos
Parish	Karlovasia
status	Borough
Geographic coordinates	37 ° 47 '  N , 26 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 37 ° 47 '  N , 26 ° 42'  E
Height above d. M.	43  m
surface	21.001 km²
Residents	6869 (2011)
LAU-1 code no.	56010201
Local division	10
Post Code	832 00
Telephone code	22730

Karlovasi ( Greek Καρλόβασι ( n. Sg. )) Is a port city in the north of the Greek island of Samos . The official but not common name is Neo Karlovasi . It is the second largest city on the island after Samos . The Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of the Aegean has been based in Karlovasi since 1986 . Together with the Profitis Ilias monastery and three hamlets, it forms the Karlovasia district ( Δημοτική Κοινότητα Καρλοβασίων Dimotikí Kinótita Karlovasíon ). The plural form Karlovasia is derived from the districts of Paleo , Neo and Meseo , which were formerly separate municipalities.

location

The area of ​​the municipality of Karlovasia extends more than 7 km along the north coast of Samos and extends almost 7 km into the interior of the island. In a clockwise direction border from east to west: Kondakeika , Ydroussa , Kondeika , Agii Theodori , Marathokambos , Kastania , Lekka and Kosmadei . The area is traversed by the two large rivers Megalo Rema and Fourniotikos towards the coast. The Megalo Rema drains from the Kerkis massif to the north coast and flows through the area of ​​the local community. In its later course it flows west of Neo Karlovasi and finally flows into the sea in the urban area. The Fourniotikos drains the Ambelos Mountains in a north-westerly direction and flows into the sea to the east of the urban development. The coastal town of Potami is just over 3 km west of the city center, the two hamlets Sourides and Sakouleika are about 5 km inland, near the Vathy-Karlovasi road.

Neo Karlovasi, Town Hall and the Panagia Church

The urban development of Karlovasis extends from the port eastwards over about 3.5 km along the north coast of the island. The city is divided into five districts, each of which has its own character due to its history. The port district Limani Karlovasiou (Λιμάνι Καρλοβασίου) is the westernmost district, often also simply called Limani , it was built at the end of the 19th century around the port built in 1871. There are numerous holiday hotels run by tour operators here. A little south between wooded hills lies the oldest part of the city, Paleo Karlovasi (Παλαιό Καρλόβασι). Founded in the second half of the 16th century by the so-called Chiosamii , it has retained its village character to this day. Immediately to the east of the harbor district, Meseo Karlovasi (Μεσαίο Καρλόβασι) borders with what were once magnificent villas. Ormos (Όρμος) is located to the east of it by the sea with the leather tanneries, tobacco factories, oil mills and the winery built in the 19th century. This made Karlovasi wealthy in the 19th century. The tanneries were destroyed in World War II and the Civil War. The vacancy of the ruins gives the impression of a ghost town. Somewhat in the hinterland is Neo Karlovasi (Νέο Καρλόβασι) the actual city center. Founded in the 18th century as Neochori by families from Ikaria , Naxos , Crete and the Peloponnese , Neo Karlovasi is the center of shops, administration and the science school of the University of the Aegean .

history

Due to ruins and numerous tombs, it is assumed that the area of ​​today's Paleo Karlovasi was probably already densely populated in ancient times and that the ancient city of Gorgyia (also Gorgyra , Γοργυία or Γόργυρα) with a temple in honor of Dionisos Gorgyia was located here.

Agios Nikolaos

Remains of a church and Byzantine coins discovered during a provisional excavation suggest that the area was also inhabited in Byzantine times.

After the fall of Constantinople in 1453 , the Ottoman Empire laid claim to the Genoese colony . In the following period, most of the people left the island towards Chios , which was a colony of Genoa until 1566. Samos was almost uninhabited for the next hundred years. Few families lived hidden in the mountains. The trigger for the repopulation of the island were the far-reaching privileges that the Sultan granted the administrator Kilic Ali Pasha .

Descendants of Samiots, so-called Chiosamii (Χιοσάμιοι) played a key role in the resettlement of Samos in the second half of the 16th century . In today's center of Paleo Karlovasi they settled on the ruins of an old settlement near the small hill Alonaki (Αλωνάκι). But people from the Peloponnese , Ikaria and the Cyclades also settled here. The name Karlovasi was first mentioned in writing at the beginning of the 17th century.

From the early years of repopulation, Karlovasi played an important historical role on Samos. The inhabitants practiced agriculture, especially viticulture, and achieved prosperity through trade, so that in 1678 the citizens of Karlovasis were among the wealthiest on the island. Karlovasi developed into an economic and financial center, while Chora and later Samos, due to their proximity to Asia Minor, were the administrative centers of the island.

Porfyriada School

Through trade relations, modern, progressive ideas came into the city, which particularly influenced the education sector. The school of Karlovasi later named after the founder in Porfyriada School was founded in 1781. From this school went Logothetis Lykurgos , who established a democratic assembly for a few years at the beginning of the 19th century and played a leading role in Samos during the Greek Revolution .

At the end of the 19th century, the phylloxera disaster led to the cessation of viticulture on the island. Producers and traders relocated their professional activities. Tobacco cultivation took place in the surrounding area and tobacco factories and large tanneries were built in the city. The structural change that was carried out quickly meant renewed growth in all areas. The port was built in 1871, churches and numerous neoclassical buildings and a public park were built in the city. A horse-drawn tram began operating in 1905 and was in operation until 1939.

Karlovasi experienced a decline in the first half of the 20th century. As a result of the Greco-Turkish War , numerous refugees from Asia Minor were settled in Riva (Ρίβα) in the Ormos district in 1923 . In the 1930s, the tannery industry came to a standstill and the buildings were destroyed during World War II and the subsequent Greek Civil War. Italian troops occupied the city in 1940 during the Second World War , and many residents took part in the resistance. On August 30, 1943, 27 villagers were executed in Kastania, about 5 km south of Karlovasi, because of the resistance on the island. After the war, economic life in Karlovasi and on the whole island came to a standstill. Efforts to locate tourism in the city and the surrounding area have so far been unsuccessful. Only in Limena Karlovasiou are numerous holiday hotels run by tour operators.

The Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of the Aegean has been based in Karlovasi since 1986.

Karlovasi population development

Surname	Greek name	1913	1920	1928	1940	1951	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001	2011
Meseo Karlovasi ⁵	Μεσαίο Καρλόβασι	1335	1066¹	1371	1215	0986
Neo Karlovasi ⁵	Νέο Καρλόβασι	4452	3697²	4996	4189	4424	5308	4401	4752	5250	5740	6708
Moni Profitou Iliou	Μονή Προφήτου Ηλιού		0023	0002	0002	0002	0001	0014th	0016	0054	0091	0097
Potami	Ποτάμι								0009	0017th	0012	0019th
Sakkouleika⁴	Σακκουλαίικα					0108	0091	0044	0031	0025th	0025th	0016
Sourides	Σουρήδες		0074	0089	0833	0045	0026th	0029	0035	0011	0027	0029
Paleo Karlovasi ⁵ ⁶	Παλαιό Καρλόβασι		0796	1095	1070	0898
total			3794	5109 ³	5024	4579	5426	4488	4843	5357	5895	6869

¹ including Ormos Meseou Karlovasou 14 inhabitants
² In 1920 Neo Karlovasi consisted of three districts; Neo Karlovasi 3178 inhabitants; Limin Neou Karlovasou 29 inhabitants; Ormos Neou Karlovasou 490 inhabitants
³ including Lovokomio 22 inhabitants
⁴ Sakkouleika was incorporated in 1951 from Marathokambos to Neo Karlovasi
⁵ In 1952 Neo Karlovasi, Meseo Karlovasi and Paleo Karlovasi were amalgamated to form the municipality of Karlovasis und and the Agloin Aglovasi
monastery was part of the Paleo Karlovasi monastery

The existing since 1918 rural communities Meseo Karlovasi (Μεσαίο Καρλόβασι), Neo Karlovasi (Νέο Καρλόβασι) and Paleo Karlovasi (Παλαιό Καρλόβασι) were 1952 initially for rural community Karlovasia together (Κοινότητα Καρλοβασίων) and in the same year for the township Karlovasia applicable (Δήμος Καρλοβασίων). The administrative seat was Neo Karlovasi , to which all previous districts were added in 1961. After the territorial reform in 1997 , the incorporation was carried out with nine rural communities in the municipality of Karlovasia . With the administrative reform in 2010 , the four formerly created island communities were merged to form the municipality of Samos . Since then Neo Karlovasi forms, together with the Monastery Prophet Elias and the hamlets Sakkouleika, Sourides and Potami the municipality Karlovasia ( Δημοτική Κοινότητα Καρλοβασίων Dimotiki Kinótita Karlovasion ) and reached 2,019 by the correction of the administrative reform in two communities of the municipality Dytiki Samos .

traffic

There are daily ferry connections with Piraeus across the Cyclades .

The national road 62 , which runs along the north coast, connects Karlovasi with the city of Samos. The distance is 31 km. The distance to the airport near Pythagorio in the southeast of the island is about 41 km.

Bus connections with Samos are offered several times a day by KTEL Samos (ΚΤΕΛ Σάμου), but only a few times a week to the surrounding villages.

literature

• Κεντρική Ένωση Δήμων και Κοινοτήτων Ελλάδας, Ελληνική Εταιρία Τοπικής Ανάπτυξης και Αυτοδιοίκησης (ed.): Sanakirja Διοικητικών Μεταβολών των Δή microns ων και Κοινοτήτων (1912-2001) . 1/2 (Τόμος Α, α – κ). Athens 2002, ISBN 960-7509-47-1 .

Web links

• Karlovasi municipality (Greek)
• Karlovasi on www.samosin.gr (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΣΥΕ) according to 2001 census , p. 117 (PDF, 793 kB)
2. ↑ Results of the 2011 census, Greek Statistical Office (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ) ( Memento from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
3. ↑ Πορφυριάδα Σχολή (Porfyriada), Municipality of Karlovasi ( Memento of the original from February 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Greek) 
4. ↑ Τραμ (Tram), Karlovasi municipality  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Greek)  
5. ↑ Ιστορία (History), Municipality of Karlovasi ( Memento of the original from May 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Greek) 
6. ↑ Schools and Departments, University of the Aegean ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English) 
7. ↑ Population of Karlovasi 1913-2001, Greek Statistical Office ELSTAT, Digital Library (Greek)
8. ↑ Λεξικό ∆ιοικητικών Μεταβολών των ∆ή µ ων και Κοινοτήτων (1912-2001) . tape  2 , 2002, p. 115, 202, 225 .
9. ↑ Λεξικό ∆ιοικητικών Μεταβολών των ∆ή µ ων και Κοινοτήτων (1912-2001) . tape  1 , 2002, p. 444 .
10. ↑ KTEL Samos