Walter Kyllmann

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Walter Kyllmann

Walter Kyllmann (born May 16, 1837 in Weyer , Merscheid municipality (today in the Wald district of Solingen ); † July 10, 1913 in Wannsee near Berlin ) was a German architect . In collaboration with Adolf Heyden (as Büro Kyllmann und Heyden ) he was one of the most famous Berlin architects of the late 19th century. The Kaisergalerie in Berlin was one of the most famous buildings of this group of architects .

Life

Walter Kyllmann was born as the son of Carl Gottlieb Kyllmann and his wife Henriette Sarah Dorothee Preyer.

education

Primarily taught by private tutors, he attended grammar school in Elberfeld (Wuppertal) from 1851 until his Abitur in 1856.

His presence at the laying of the foundation stone of the cathedral bridge in Cologne in 1855 was decisive for his later development. Here he made the decision to become an architect. After serving as a one-year volunteer with the 7th Hussar Regiment in Bonn, he studied at the Royal Building Academy in Berlin from 1857 . After training by von Arnim, Biermann, Martin Gropius , Friedrich Adler and Hermann Ende , Walter Kyllmann was able to pass his construction manager examination on July 21, 1860. After a short interlude in the architecture office of Hermann Ende and Wilhelm Böckmann , he met his future partner Adolf Heyden and undertook a long trip to Italy with him in 1863/1864, which certainly had a strong influence on his later architectural style. Further studies at the building academy followed and ended with the building master's exam on June 3, 1866.

Work as an architect

The collaboration with Adolf Heyden began in 1867, which culminated in the establishment of a joint studio between Kyllmann and Heyden on January 1, 1868 . In 1867 Walter Kyllmann worked as the Prussian government commissioner in the preparations for the world exhibition " Exposition Universelle de Paris 1867 ", as well as in the world exhibition in Vienna in 1873 , thereby creating valuable relationships for the future. Through his marriage to Elise Afinger, daughter of the sculptor, professor and member of the Senate of the Royal Academy of the Arts Bernhard Afinger , he gained access to the most influential circles in Berlin. With the help of his father-in-law, he was able to purchase land from the banker Wilhelm Conrad (1822–1899) in Wannsee in 1869 and build villas there. Kyllmann himself built a villa here and lived there until the end of his life.

The war of 1870/1871 briefly interrupted the economic boom. Walter Kyllmann took part in the battles of Thionville , Montmedy and the surrender of Metz as Prime Lieutenant . In the years of the economic boom that followed, the Kyllmann und Heyden office built a large number of villas, commercial buildings, embassies and planned entire streets in Berlin, two of which still bear the Kyllmanns name today.

Difficult times followed from 1873, not only because the founding years came to an end with the stock market crash of May 9, 1873 and an economic depression began, but also because Kyllmann's wife Elise died on August 4, 1874. On June 12, 1877 he married Marie Gessert, b. Spindler. She was the daughter of Johann Julius Wilhelm Spindler and his wife Laura geb. Eisenberg. For the locker Lersche company , the first to the method of dry cleaning began in Germany, he built several objects, including the recovery house for the workers in Spindlersfeld, the Spindlershof , and in honor of his now deceased father to Spindler fountain .

Public offices

From 1878 to 1888 Walter Kyllmann was chairman of the Berlin Architects' Association. The time of the depression was over and in the next few years Kyllmann undertook extensive trips, both professionally and privately, which also took him to North and South America. Public dignity came up to him. He became a member of the supervisory board of the municipal electricity works, chairman of the Seglerhaus am Wannsee association and finally, in 1885, chairman of the National Liberal Association in Berlin. However, he was denied a major political career. As an ardent admirer of Otto von Bismarck , it was one of his greatest experiences for Kyllmann to be able to sit at a meal between the Bismarck couple in 1890. Membership in the committee for the erection of a Bismarck monument after his death was an inner concern of his. He had a deep friendship with the sculptor of the monument, Reinhold Begas . From 1888 member of the city ​​council of Berlin, Walter Kyllmann was involved in many committees, especially in the area of ​​urban planning and culture, until 1910. In 1901 Kyllmann was a member of the Royal Commission for the division of the Dahlem domain .

Kyllmann family grave on Dreifaltigkeitskirchhof II in Berlin-Kreuzberg

Shares in newspaper companies brought him the chairmanship of the supervisory board of Deutsche Verlags- und Buchdruckerei Aktiengesellschaft , from which the Deutsche Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH emerged in 1893 . In 1890 Kyllmann made a competition design for the planned Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church . However, Kaiser Wilhelm II preferred the design by the architect Franz Schwechten , which was executed from 1891 to 1895. In 1902 Kyllmann became a member of the Presidium of the German Fleet Club . Among many other honors he had received in his life, his appointment as a secret building officer was certainly the high point of his social status.

Walter Kyllmann had three children: Carl Adolf (born 1870) and Bernhard Wilhelm (born 1871) from his first marriage, Wally (born 1878) from his second marriage.

Walter Kyllmann was buried in the Dreifaltigkeitskirchhof II in Berlin-Kreuzberg .

He was the uncle of the later acting president Walter Simons .

Services

Share over 100 Thaler of the Actien-Bauverein Passage from July 1, 1870

Kyllmanns work can be described as consistent continuation of part of the Berlin historicism emerging neo characterize.

The most famous building by the Kyllmann und Heyden office was the Kaisergalerie . In the middle of the 19th century, before the founding years, the passage in the center of the big cities became modern for a short time. Brussels, Milan and Paris already had such when the Actien-Bauverein "Passage" was founded in Berlin in 1869 with a capital of 6 million marks for the purpose of building the Kaisergalerie. It was between Unter den Linden, Friedrichstrasse and Behrenstrasse. A hall, 128.18 meters long and 13.18 meters high with a glass roof, ran from Unter den Linden to a central rotunda and from there at a 45-degree angle to the corner of Behrenstrasse and Friedrichstrasse. The material consisted of sandstone with brick facing and terracotta facing. In the neo-renaissance style, it was based on both French and Italian models, especially the Milan Passage. The walls were almost overcrowded with sculptures by the sculptors Bernhard Afinger , Erdmann Encke , August Wittig and Alexander Calandrelli . Inside, the three-story building was roofed over by a high glass dome and offered space for around 50 shops. Both inside and outside, large window openings with double arches over each window are visible on the upper floors. Outside, the building looks like a palace with turrets and columns.

A special feature was the first public electrical lighting with its own generator in the basement, which was installed by Siemens .

The passage was not a great economic success, but was well received by the public until 1945. In 1933 it was radically rebuilt and modernized.

Buildings and designs

Kaisergalerie, Berlin
Design for the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
Design for the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
Bavarian Legation, Vossstrasse 3, Berlin (destroyed)
Spindlerbrunnen, Berlin

(mostly as works by the office "Kyllmann & Heyden")

  • 1863: Competition design for a church in Gothic style, awarded a 2nd prize
  • 1865–1866: "Villa Monplaisir" (Villa Geber / Villa Philippi) in Berlin-Tiergarten, Drakestrasse 3 / Rauchstrasse 12 (destroyed)
  • 1868: Competition design for the Berlin Cathedral , awarded with prize money of 9,000 thalers (?)
  • 1869–1870: Villa for Eduard von der Heydt in the style of the Italian Renaissance in Berlin-Wannsee
  • approx. 1871: Villa of the banker Lew in Berlin-Wannsee
  • Water tower in Berlin-Wannsee
  • around 1871: Passage and layout of Vossstrasse in Berlin-Mitte
  • from 1871: Execution of the houses at Voßstraße 28, 29, 30 and 32 (on own account)
  • 1871: Villa Poensgen in Düsseldorf
  • 1871: Villa Simons and Villa Duncklenberg in (Wuppertal-) Elberfeld (both not preserved)
  • 1871: Rocholl residence in Cologne , Machabäerstraße 56
  • 1871–1873: Office and commercial building with passage Kaisergalerie in Berlin-Mitte, Unter den Linden 35 and Behrenstrasse 50–52 / Friedrichstrasse 164 (not preserved)
  • 1872: Headquarters for the Deutsche Continental Gasgesellschaft in Dessau
  • 1872: Villa Böker in Bonn
  • 1872: Patent paper factory in Berlin
  • 1872: Villa for Eduard Arnhold in Berlin-Wannsee
  • 1872: Villa Beck in Berlin-Tiergarten, Am Carlsbad 3
  • 1873: Palais Brüning in Frankfurt am Main
  • 1873: Preparatory work and implementation of the German contribution for the 1873 World Exhibition in Vienna
  • 1873–1874: Admiralsgartenbad in Berlin-Mitte, Friedrichstrasse 102 (demolished in 1910)
  • 1873–1875: Freiburg train station in Breslau , Elfer Platz
  • 1875: Grave monument for Fritz Reuter in Eisenach
  • 1875–1881: Protestant Johanneskirche in Düsseldorf (first draft 1869)
  • 1877: Draft for the reconstruction of the town church in Höchst near Frankfurt am Main
  • 1878: Castle Polish Krawarn for the Countess Gaschin
  • 1879: Post and telegraph office in Rostock
  • 1879: Reconstruction of the French embassy in Berlin-Mitte, Pariser Platz
  • 1881: New construction of the St. Hedwig Hospital in Berlin, Große Hamburger Straße
  • 1881: Villa Haarhaus in (Wuppertal-) Elberfeld
  • 1882: Commercial building on Liebergasse in Frankfurt am Main
  • 1882: Main building of the General German Exhibition for Health Care and Rescue Services in the State Exhibition Park in Berlin-Moabit (destroyed by fire on May 12, 1882)
  • 1882: Post office in Breslau
  • 1883: Main building for the General German Exhibition for Hygiene and Rescue Services in the State Exhibition Park in Berlin-Moabit , at Lehrter Bahnhof (new exhibition palace made of glass and steel)
  • 1883: Villa Amalia for Albert Neuhaus in (Wuppertal-) Elberfeld, Briller Straße 117 (under monument protection)
  • 1885: Entrance building of the train station in Düren
  • 1885: Protestant church in Bonn
  • 1885: Villa Beckmann in Königswinter
  • 1885: Villa Böcker in Bonn
  • 1885: Villa König in Bonn
  • 1886: Spindler's hereditary burial in Berlin, old cemetery in front of Prenzlauer Tor
  • 1888: Extension and furnishing of the lecture room for Kaiser Wilhelm II in the City Palace in Berlin
  • 1888: Design for two rooms as dining rooms for Kaiser Wilhelm II in the City Palace in Berlin
  • 1890: Recreation house with bathing establishment for the workers of the W. Spindler company in Berlin- Spindlersfeld
  • 1890: Competition design for the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin-Charlottenburg
  • 1891: Spindler Fountain on the Spittelmarkt in Berlin-Mitte
  • 1892: Palais for the Royal Bavarian Legation in Berlin-Mitte, Vossstraße 3 (on the property of the later New Reich Chancellery )
  • 1892: Reconstruction of the Evangelical Sophienkirche in Berlin
  • 1894–1895: Residence for Emil Mosse (brother of the publisher Rudolf Mosse ) in Berlin-Tiergarten, Bendlerstrasse
  • 1901: First construction phase of the Spindlershof in Berlin-Mitte, Wallstrasse, Neue Grünstrasse, Seydelstrasse
  • Competition design for a city expansion for Dresden , awarded 1st prize

Honors

Wannsee Kyllmannstrasse

Fonts

literature

Web links

Commons : Walter Kyllmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ghwk.de ( Memento from June 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ ghwk.de ( Memento from February 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung , 2nd year 1882, No. # (from December 23, 1882) ( zlb.de ), p. 469 ff.
  4. ↑ Dr. Paul Boerner : The general German exhibition for health care and rescue services in Berlin 1882 . In: The Gazebo . Issue 20, 1882, pp. 327-330 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
  5. ↑ a b Dr. Paul Boerner: For an introduction to the general German exhibition for hygiene and rescue services . In: The Gazebo . Issue 17, 1883, pp. 277-279 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
  6. ↑ Living rooms in the Berlin Palace , accessed on December 14, 2012
  7. ↑ albrecht-blank.de
  8. ↑ documentarchiv.de
personal data
SURNAME Kyllmann, Walter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect
DATE OF BIRTH May 16, 1837
PLACE OF BIRTH Weyer , municipality of Merscheid (today the Solingen district of Wald )
DATE OF DEATH July 10, 1913
Place of death Wannsee