List of air bases in Germany
The list of air bases in Germany is an overview of the military airfields still in use in the Federal Republic of Germany , as maintained by the responsible authority, the Aviation Office of the Federal Armed Forces , and published in the currently valid military aviation manual (Mil-AIP).
Preliminary remarks
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Distribution of active air bases in the Federal Republic of Germany |
Fliegerhorst is the name of a military airfield used by the air forces of the Wehrmacht , Bundeswehr and German Navy . The military does not distinguish between the airport and the airport , but uses its own, historically developed name airbase . Therefore, this list includes all military facilities with aviation use, regardless of whether they would be categorized as an airport or airfield from a civilian perspective. The Army Aviation call their airbases principle Army Airfield or simply "airport"; The former army airfield in Laupheim also retained its name after it was transferred to the Air Force. Sometimes, however, the name Fliegerhorst is also used (especially for signposting in public road traffic). American institutions are also named in English in Germany.
For the sake of completeness, the three civilian airports that are used by the military and the six “Army Heliports” (AHP) are also described, as they are included in the official list of “military airfields”. These heliports are only operated by the US Army. Some of the heliports are former air bases that are still served by helicopters. Therefore, some heliports also have a runway .
Further information on military airfields as well as a detailed list of former and inactive air bases in Germany, as well as the units and associations stationed there in the article military airfield . Information on airfields of foreign armed forces in Germany can also be found in the article Foreign military bases in Germany .
Active air bases and heliports
Explanation of terms and background information
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Name: The official name is given as it is used in the relevant aviation publications. The following abbreviations are used:
- AAF: Army Air Field = Army airfield of the US Army
- AB: Airbase = air base of the US Air Force
- AHP: Army Heliport = helipad of the US Army
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ICAO code : The ICAO code always consists of four letters, whereby for Northern Europe the first letter is the "E". The second letter denotes the country; the Federal Republic of Germany uses the letter "D". After German reunification, there was a great need for this second letter in order tore-designate the airfields locatedin the former German Democratic Republic . In 1992, the military airfields throughout Germany were recoded from "EDxx" to "ETxx" and the third letter system explained below was introduced. Thus, considerably more possible ICAO codes were available with which the high demand could be met (note that there were considerably more military airfields in Germany at the beginning of the 1990s than today). "ET" were the first letters used by the former GDR until then. The third letter has provided information about the operator of the air base since 1992:
- ETHx = Bundeswehr , Army , Army Aviator
- ETMx = German Armed Forces , Navy , Naval Aviators
- ETNx = Bundeswehr , Air Force , Northern Germany
- ETSx = Bundeswehr , Luftwaffe , Southern Germany
- ETWx = German Armed Forces , civil defense administration, only application: Defense Technical Service 91, Meppen Air Base
- ETAx = US Armed Forces , US Air Force
- ETEx = US Armed Forces , US Army
- ETIx = US Armed Forces , US Army
- ETOx = US Armed Forces , US Army
- ETUx = British Armed Forces
- The fourth and last letter at the Bundeswehr airfields is related to the name of the assigned city. Usually the first letter of the corresponding city is chosen. If this is already taken, another letter from the city name is used. For example ETSL = Lechfeld Air Base, ETSA = Landsberg / Lech Air Base .
- Even if the name of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a civil organization, a sharp distinction between military and civil in aviation is no longer possible. Therefore, many of their regulations (including the ICAO codes) were adopted by the military, and in some cases even helped to draft them.
- IATA code : The IATA code for airports always consists of three letters. Like the ICAO code, it is only issued once worldwide. However, the abbreviations do not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the regional affiliation of the respective airport. Rather, an attempt is made to establish a reference to the name of the place in question.
- The codes issued by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) are used exclusively for civil air transport (for example, the IATA code of the destination airport is always indicated on the luggage and flight tickets of travelers). For this reason, only a few military airports are provided with such a code, if there was or is a need for it.
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Runway : The runways that are mentioned in the official aviation manuals are listed.
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Direction: The direction of approach and departure to the respective runway. The numbers result from the orientation of the orbit to the magnetic north , rounded up or down to the nearest full decimal and then shortened by the last digit (for example, 258 ° becomes runway 26).
As a result, the piste names can change due to the constant “ wandering ” of the magnetic north pole . For example, on February 16, 2006, the runway designation of a runway at Cologne / Bonn Airport was changed from 07/25 to 06/24.- If an airport has two parallel runways with the same magnetic orientation, the runway designation is usually extended by the suffix “L” (left) or “R” (right) - seen from the approach direction. If one of the two runways consists of a grass runway (English: lane ), it is also customary in the military to combine the runway designation of the grass runway with “lane” or “grass” instead of “L” and “R” while the paved runway is used The runway is simply referred to as “runway” or “runway”. This applies, for example, to the Faßberg Army Airfield (Runway 09/27 and Gras 09/27) and the Wunstorf Air Base ( Runway 08/26 and Gras 08/26).
- Surface
Asphalt has the advantage that it can be applied during repair work during the night and the slope is available again at the beginning of the day. Concrete, on the other hand, has a higher load-bearing capacity and service life. Occasionally there is also a mixture of asphalt and concrete. In this case the main material used is indicated. Antiskid is an additional surface that can be applied to the track to increase the braking effect and at the same time minimize the risk of slipping.
The following abbreviations are used in the list: -
Size: Describes the dimensions of the corresponding slope (length × width) in meters. The mandatory specification of runway dimensions in official publications is always in feet , the unit of measurement used in aviation for short distances on the ground.
In order to make it easier to understand for readers with no technical reference, this information is often converted into meters in reference works in countries with the metric system . Conversion and rounding occasionally result in slight differences between the various sources. The information given here comes directly from official publications, if available, or has been converted from such publications with a factor of 0.305.- Note: Especially at army airfields, it is common to install further short grass landing strips (English: lanes ) in order to practice helicopter emergency procedures. This protects the skid landing gear of the helicopter and the surface of the runway. The number of lanes depends on the size of the available area and the order of the stationed unit. For example, 14 grass landing and training areas have been set up in addition to the runway at the Celle Army Airfield . Such facilities are usually not published and they are often not fully available to enable a changing recultivation of the subsoil. Since they are mainly only of importance for the units stationed on site, lanes are only taken into account in this list if they are mentioned in the aviation manual.
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Direction: The direction of approach and departure to the respective runway. The numbers result from the orientation of the orbit to the magnetic north , rounded up or down to the nearest full decimal and then shortened by the last digit (for example, 258 ° becomes runway 26).
- Other places were built and used by the military, later handed over to civil administration and then taken over again in whole or in part by the military (for example Bamberg AAF ).
- Furthermore, all airfields built or kept open between the First World War and 1936 were officially only used for civilian purposes. This is due to the fact that the German Reich was banned from air forces due to the Treaty of Versailles . However, as early as 1933, air force units were set up under the camouflage name of the German Air Sports Association (DLV) and air bases were built all over Germany. This is synonymous with the beginning of military use.
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Operator: The operator is the person responsible for the airport or airport. In the military, this is usually the main user's armed forces . The operator does not necessarily have to be the owner and thus the landlord.
In the case of the Bundeswehr , the owner of a property is basically the competent military administration . This is due to the separation between the military (consumer) and the civil defense administration (consumer) prescribed in the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany . In the case of civil or military shared use, there is a primary responsible user (first named in the list) and a secondary responsible user. The division of rights and obligations between these two is contractually regulated.
The following abbreviations and terms are used to describe the military operator:- BR Army: British Army = British Army
- US Army: = US Army
- US Air Force: = US Air Force
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Assigned city: The city after which the air base is named or in whose municipality it is (at least partially) located. In the case of airports and airfields (regardless of whether they are civil or military), this is often not the city or municipality in which the postal address is located. In the case of supraregional airports, the name is usually derived from the nearest large city. In the case of smaller places, the historical development or local customs or sensitivities often play a role.
Due to the organic separation between the air base and the associated barracks with administrative and support parts for air force facilities, as prescribed by NATO , there are sometimes irritations. The Landsberg / Lech Air Base is located in the village of Penzing and can also be reached there by post. That is why it is sometimes called Penzing Air Base in regional, unofficial usage. -
State : Some of the air bases listed below are on or on borders between federal states. The federal state over which the facility mainly extends is named. If in doubt, the country on which the "reference point" is located.
This is the reference point according to which the coordinate of an airport or airfield is determined. Usually it is exactly in the middle of the slope. At airports with several runways, this point is either on the main runway or on the arithmetic mean between the runways. The reference point is usually slightly highlighted optically to enable detection from the air. Its exact coordinates are published. It is also used toprecisely setthe navigation equipment (for example " GPS ") of aircraft before or during departure.
The respective federal state is named using the abbreviations according to ISO 3166-2- BE: Berlin
- BW: Baden-Württemberg
- BY: Bavaria
- HE: Hessen
- MV: Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- NI: Lower Saxony
- NW: North Rhine-Westphalia
- RP: Rhineland-Palatinate
- SH: Schleswig-Holstein
- ST: Saxony-Anhalt
Use and equipment
Air bases are equipped according to their main use by combat and transport aircraft units of the Bundeswehr and differ in this from the army airfields . All air bases have a control zone and can be approached under instrument flight conditions. There are usually several approach aids available, such as non-directional radio beacons , VASIS or PAPI , TACAN , ILS , special devices for approaches using the aircraft's on-board radar (ARA - Airborne Radar Approach) and other options as well as the airport's own precision approach radar .
When mainly used by fighter planes, cable interception systems are usually installed at the ends of the runway.
In contrast to army airfields, there is usually a spatial separation of several kilometers between the air base and the accommodation and administration area. This is intended to ensure continued leadership of the association in the event of an attack on the airfield. This means that air bases have a different postal address than their actual location would suggest. For example, the Landsberg / Lech Air Base can be reached by post via Penzing . As a result, the airfield is often erroneously referred to as Penzing Air Base .
structure
An airbase of the German Air Force houses usually have a flying unit, called a squadron . A squadron corresponds to a regiment in terms of strength and operational mission .
In the past, the squadron was usually divided into a squadron staff and the following groups, whereby a "group" can be equated with a battalion:
- Flying group
- the operational part of the squadron, consisting of a staff, the flying squadrons and the flight operations squadron (air traffic control, fire brigade, telecommunications, air traffic control / telecommunications technicians)
- Technical group
- the technical resources required for the immediate production and maintenance of combat readiness of the operational component, e.g. B. Shipyard, aircraft maintenance and repair, on-board weapons , electronic warfare
- Air Base Group
- the other ground-based components of the squadron that are not directly involved in carrying out the flight mission, e.g. B. motor vehicles, guarding, replenishment and supply, NBC defense, airfield maintenance, etc.
The commander of the squadron is the commodore , usually an officer with the rank of colonel .
Former air bases in Germany
Individual evidence
- ^ AD 1.3 List of military airfields and heliports. In: http://www.milais.org/ . June 21, 2018, accessed January 5, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Mil AIP
- ↑ a b c d e f DoD Information Publication (Enroute) Supplement Europe, North Africa and Middle East
- ↑ http://gc.kls2.com/airport/
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