Martin Luther (Federal Republic of Germany 1983)

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Movie
Original title Martin Luther
Country of production Germany
original language German
Publishing year 1983
length 207 minutes
Age rating FSK 6
Rod
Director Rainer Wolffhardt
script Theodor Schübel
music Bert Breit
camera Rolf Romberg
cut Moune Barius
occupation

Martin Luther is a German fiction film in two parts from 1983 by Rainer Wolffhardt with the actor Lambert Hamel in the leading role of Martin Luther . The film, which was broadcast on Luther's 500th birthday in 1983, deals with the most important stages in the life of the reformer .

action

The documentary film begins with Martin Luther's thunderstorm experience and the subsequent entry into the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt . Luther finds no rest in the monastery. He fears that he will not be able to stand before God and is afraid of God's anger. Plagued by this inner turmoil, Luther began his first Bible studies and discovered the grace of God. After his knowledge of the Bible, he went to the still young University of Wittenberg as a lecturer . When he learns that the Dominican Tetzel is selling indulgences , he becomes furious. He publishes 95 theses in which he questions this church practice, because the Bible does not approve of indulgences. He was invited to Augsburg , where he met Cardinal Cajetan, who wanted to get him to revoke his theses. In an interview, Cardinal Cajetan draws his attention to the fact that the Pope has to decide how the Bible should be interpreted. But Luther then declares that popes and councils were already wrong and does not withdraw. After this conversation he was summoned again, but this time before the Emperor Charles V to the Reichstag in Worms . But even in Worms, he does not withdraw. The Emperor let him depart from Worms unmolested while, but imposed the imperial ban on Luther. This is carried off to the Wartburg to protect soldiers of his sovereign, Elector Friedrich the Wise . There Luther uses his forced break to translate the New Testament . When he learns that riots have broken out in Wittenberg, he goes back to Wittenberg and intervenes with words. The riots in Wittenberg fall silent. But soon afterwards the peasants begin an uprising , which is suppressed by the princes, with the approval of Luther's. Luther marries the ex-nun Katharina von Bora and starts a family with her. The film ends in the Black Monastery in Wittenberg, where Luther and his friends continue to translate the Bible.

The scenes in detail

The film consists of the following 41 scenes:

  • Scene 1. Thunderstorm experience
  • Scene 2. Luther's farewell in an inn in Erfurt
  • Scene 3. Luther's conversation with his father in front of the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt
  • Scene 4. Shot in the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt
  • Scene 5. Luther's nightmare in his monastery cell
  • Scene 6. Luther's vows in the Erfurt abbey church of the Augustinian monks
  • Scene 7. From the Erfurt monastery to Wittenberg
  • Scene 8. Tetzel's sermon of indulgence in a church in Zerbst
  • Scene 9. Confessions in the church in Wittenberg
  • Scene 10. Luther's letter to the bishop
  • Scene 11. Theses posted
  • Scene 12. At the court of Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz
  • Scene 13. Admonition by Staupitz - in the refectory in the monastery of the Augustinian monks in Wittenberg
  • Scene 14. Luther preaches against indulgences in the church in Wittenberg
  • Scene 15. In Jakob Fugger's house in Augsburg
  • Scene 16. In Grunenberg's printer workshop in Wittenberg
  • Scene 17. in the Pope's hunting lodge
  • Scene 18. Luther's writings are burned
  • Scene 19. Luther's burn the bull of excommunication
  • Scene 20. The summons to Worms
  • Scene 21. Luther in front of the Worms Reichstag
  • Scene 22. The imperial ban of the emperor
  • Scene 23. Luther's kidnapping
  • Scene 24. Printer workshop in Wittenberg
  • Scene 25. Luther at the Wartburg
  • Scene 26. In the Pope's apartments
  • Scene 27. Karlstadt is raging in a Wittenberg church
  • Scene 28. A Hessian monastery is dissolved
  • Scene 29. The peasant uprising begins
  • Scene 30. Discussion between Luther and Thomas Müntzer
  • Scene 31. The peasant uprising continues
  • Scene 32. Luther in a conversation in a castle with allied princes
  • Scene 33. A noble man hanged in a village church
  • Scene 34. Luther preaches against the peasants in the Wittenberg church
  • Scene 35. Luther learns of the events in Frankenhausen
  • Scene 36. Luther's repentance in the face of hanged peasants in a village church
  • Scene 37. Luther's preaching to a noble society in a Wittenberg church
  • Scene 38. Marriage
  • Scene 39. The blackmailing of Phillips of Hesse
  • Scene 40. In the palace in Madrid
  • Scene 41. A papal legacy with Luther in the Black Monastery in Wittenberg and Luther with his colleagues translating the Old Testament

Note: The first scene is missing from Theodor Schübel's script , and the 29th scene is part of the 31st scene in the script.

Production circumstances

The 500th birthday of Martin Luther in 1983 gave rise to a series of programs about the life and work of Martin Luther. The television film in question was shot in two parts from September 6th to November 12th 1982 in the Lorenzkirche in Nuremberg . The film was produced by the Eikon Society for Television and Film, Munich , whose largest shareholder is still the Evangelical Church today. In addition to ZDF , the film's clients were the Danish television station Danmarks Radio and the Finnish television station Oy Mainos-TV-Reklam Ab . Theodor Schübel, the author of the script, did not want a copy, but an abstraction of reality and therefore had convinced the director of the film, Rainer Wolffhardt , to shoot the film only in the Nuremberg Lorenzkirche. Such a film was made with a rather minimalist effort. The film was broadcast on ZDF in April 1983. At the same time, a newly produced Luther film called Martin Luther was broadcast in the GDR . The GDR Luther film consisted of five parts, had a total playing time of 450 minutes and was broadcast in October 1983. In 1985 this was shown in the third programs of the ARD . Both films were thus shot during the Cold War . This was reflected in both productions. When comparing the two Luther films one gets the impression that they correspond to one another. The second part of the Luther film from the Federal Republic of Germany focuses on the topics of the peasant war and Thomas Müntzer and presents the more western perspective of the events.

Historical inaccuracies

  • The argument between Luther and Thomas Müntzer in the 30th scene never took place like this. Luther and Müntzer only spoke about each other in their writings. However, the positions expressed in the scriptures in the film have been mounted in the said dispute.
  • In this film adaptation, which was made during the Cold War, the topic of community of property of the early Jerusalem community is dealt with. In scene 9 "Luther in a conversation, in a castle, with allied princes" Luther explains that a community of property was practiced among the apostles . When asked by the Landgrave of Hesse, he confirmed that this was only voluntary. - The scene has not been passed down historically and therefore did not take place.
  • In the 41st scene there is a papal legacy with Luther in the Black Monastery . This scene did not actually take place either. In the scene, Luther and the Legate talk about past events and consider what the future might bring. The Legate predicts (correctly) that there will be a war. Luther is desperate about this. - Such a conversation did not take place historically; the scene probably serves dramaturgical purposes.
  • In the same scene, Luther and his colleagues translate the Old Testament. - The scene obviously takes place in the 1540s. However, the first full Bible appeared in 1534. In the 1540s, Luther only revised his so-called Luther Bible . The scene clearly depicts the procedure as Johannes Mathesius described his histories in the thirteenth sermon. However, Mathesius only described the process of revising and not the process of translating, as is obviously the case in the film adaptation. So in the film, Mathesius's utterance was transferred to the translation of the Bible.

Reviews

[...] "That's the situation, cheers", lectures Landgrave Philipp von Hessen, [...] The dialogues in the [...] Luther film, which the ZDF in two parts on Good Friday and in two parts, do not always bump so helplessly from platitude to platitude Easter Sunday sends. Occasionally it becomes clear what the author Theodor Schübel wanted to show: Luther's political naivety, his lack of understanding for the rebellious peasants, his ignorance of the church's fiscalism. But these faint rays of light are all too often obscured by clichés or remain incomprehensible to the viewer because the background is not shown. [...] Thomas Müntzer's [...] pulpit argument with Luther hears and looks at like a competition between two barkers - those who hold out longer get into the book of records. [...] "We didn't want to make a film in which everything was right, but which threatened to lose its dramaturgical-dynamic arc because of the sheer meticulousness in detail," says director Wolffhardt trying to anticipate the criticism that could be expected. “For us it wasn't about reality, but about truth.” […] German TV viewers will be able to tune in to a total of 38 programs about and about Luther this year. […] The first compulsory exercise for the Luther year is not hopeful.

The West German television reviewers were impressed by Kurt Veth 's film adaptation of Luther , they celebrated the GDR film and criticized ARD and ZDF, which had not achieved anything comparable.

[...] The critics in the Federal Republic liked the GDR Luther film at least as much as the in-house productions of ARD and ZDF, many even better. [...]

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The scene descriptions or scene titles in the script are only information about the location and were therefore not suitable for this rough overview.
  2. ^ Theodor Schübel: Martin Luther . Munich 1983, ISBN 3-426-02454-3
  3. ↑ EKD - Martin Luther in Film ( Memento of the original from May 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ekd.de
  4. ^ Theodor Schübel: Martin Luther . Munich 1983, ISBN 3-426-02454-3 , p. 96 ff.
  5. ↑ In his book: Historien von Martin Luther's beginning, teaching, living and dying, Nuremberg 1566 - wrote Mathesius - in the thirteenth sermon of his histories (Folio 143): Anno 1540. What kind of people were correcting the Bible? Doctor Martin Luther [came to the] consistory [d. H. Consultation Room] with its old Latin and new German Bible. He always had the Hebrew text as well. Mr. Phillippus brought the Greek text with him. Cr (e) utziger next to the Hebrew text the Chaldean [d. H. probably Aramaic] Bible. […] Doctor Pommer also had a Latin text in front of him […]. Before that, everyone had prepared [ie prepared] for the text about which one should advise. […] Then this President [Luther] proposed a text and let the voices go around and heard what everyone had to say about it. [...]. Wonderful and lively speeches should have been made during this work [...].
  6. ^ Parzival Luther . In: Der Spiegel . No. 13 , 1983, pp. 211 ( online ).
  7. ↑ A film becomes a state act . In: Berliner Zeitung , October 13, 2003
  8. ↑ see Brother Martin (1981)
  9. ↑ Horst Dähn: Luther and the GDR . Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-929161-81-8 , p. 116