Upper Swabian hill country

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The catchment area of ​​the Schussen - the eastern part from Wolfegg ( tongue basin of Kißlegg ) and the Schussen basin in the south do not belong to the Upper Swabian hill country.

The Upper Swabian hills is a glacially influenced landscape in the southeast of the German state Baden-Wuerttemberg . In the systematics of the manual of the natural spatial structure of Germany , which has been updated by the state office LUBW , it forms the natural spatial main unit 032 in the foothills of the Alps and moorland ( main unit group and greater region 2nd order 03, southern foothills of the Alps ).

location

The Upper Swabian hill country lies between the Lake Constance basin in the south, the Hegau in the southwest, the Danube-Ablach plates in the north, the Riss-Aitrach plates in the northeast and the West Allgäu hill country in the southeast. The 932 km² area extends over parts of the Lake Constance district and the districts of Biberach , Ravensburg and Sigmaringen .

A large part of the landscape belongs to the water catchment area of the Rhine via Lake Constance , while a small part drains north into the Danube .

Landscape characteristics

The Upper Swabian hill country is a glacial young moraine landscape that is enclosed by terminal moraine arches to the west, north and east . To the west of its center, the landscape is divided by the Oberlinzgauer Bergland with the mountain ranges Höchsten , Heiligenberg and Gehrenberg , which are covered to the north by the old moraines of the Denkinger Platte . The Illmensee basin with the Ilmensee and the Ruschweiler See , which drains into the Andelsbacher Rinne north towards Denkingen and Pfullendorf , the latter place just outside, is embedded in the Höchst . The Deggenhauser Aach drains to the south , the upper valley of which separates Höchsten and Heiligenberg.

The Oberlinzgau hill country , which lies to the west of the core mountain ranges, drains south via the Linzer Aach . In the center is the small Großschönach tongue basin near Großschönach , further to the west is Herdwangen .

The eastern part of the landscape, the Wilhelmsdorf-Waldseer hill country, is significantly larger and more diverse . Immediately to the east of Höchst and Denkinger Platten lies the Wilhelmsdorf tongue basin near Wilhelmsdorf with the Pfrunger Ried northwest of the village, which drains north to the Ostrach . To the east, the basin is interlocked with the Rinkenburg mountain by the Rinkenburg hill country .

To the east of the Rinkenburg hill country, from now on everything in the catchment area of ​​the Schussen , which drains to the south , is the basin of Altshausen-Waldsee . In the north-south direction, the basin is narrowed centrally by a north-easterly spur of the Rinkenburg hill country and the Atzenberger Höhe , which branches off from the Danube-Ablach plates in the north and also belongs to the overall landscape ; this divides it into a west wing with Altshausen and the Schreckensee and an eastern part with Bad Waldsee on the eastern edge and Bad Schussenried on the northern edge. The east wing is very impressively bordered by a ridge-like young moraine arch, which circles Schussenried from west to north to east and then stretches south along Waldsee to the hamlet of Gaishaus (north of Alttann ) - the young moraine of Schussenried-Waldsee . They clearly tower above both the basin and the old moraine landscapes from which they demarcate it.

To the south, the east wing of the basin is sealed off by the Altdorfer Forest , Altdorf being an older name for vineyard . Together with the Rinkenburger hills of Altdorf Forest frames the the Lake Basin belonging shot pool in the vineyard and Ravensburg are.

Natural structure

In the first delivery of the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany in 1953, the Upper Swabian hill country was designated as the main natural spatial unit 032 , which after that border had an area of ​​1060.1 km². In the detailed breakdown 1: 200,000 of the western part on sheet 186 Konstanz by Alfred G. Benzing in 1964, the landscape in the west was reduced to include the Stockacher Bergland , which became part of the main unit 030 Hegau .

It was not until 1991 that the corresponding detailed subdivision of the eastern part on page 187/193 Lindau / Oberstdorf took place by Hansjörg Dongus . Dongus reinterpreted the hierarchies a bit and combined the main units 030 to 033 into just one main unit 030 Bodensee-Jungmoränenland , in which most of the "old" main units became sub-units (one decimal place), exceptionally two in the case of the Upper Swabian hill country.

When the State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) tried in the immediately following years to combine the individual sheets of their federal state, which were often contradictory at the points of contact, into a coherent breakdown into main units, they took over the natural area boundaries largely from Dongus (in the west von Benzing), but renamed the unit as originally. It determined an area of ​​932 km² for the entire landscape within the updated limits.

Fine-tuning

The Upper Swabian hill country is structured as follows according to the leaves of Konstanz and Lindau:

Discrepancies between Dongus, Benzing and Graul

In the Upper Swabian hill country in particular, the Konstanz and Lindau leaves are only moderately compatible. On the one hand, the structure of Dongus on Blatt Lindau, which is 27 years younger, is much finer than that of Benzing on Blatt Konstanz, and on the other hand the focus differs somewhat. Hansjörg Dongus very strictly separates old from young moraines on all three sheets that he worked on late (only in the 1990s) and sometimes accepts that the natural spaces are not simply connected - which actually contradicts the conventions of the Institute for Regional Studies. The core area of unity 032.12 Denklinger plate of the neighboring blade, which consists in the main of Altmoränenplatten, Dongus will ecological reasons for northern neighbor unit 040,301 Andelsbach plates (main unit Danube Ablach plates ) are composed of:

“On the Konstanz sheet the northern border line of the young moraine must therefore jump in against the flattening plates at the edge of the meltwater channels as far as Langgassen to SE and only move from Langgassen back to the north to the hamlet of Hahnennest , where the western Wagenhart begins. As a result, the Falkenplatte comes as old moraine to the Ablachplatten (040.301). The southern and eastern young moraine border runs from Tautenbronn via Egg to Großstadelhofen - Hilpensberg - Buhlen - Echbeck and to the east of it crosses to Blatt Lindau-Oberstdorf. "

- Hansjörg Dongus : The natural space units on sheet 187/193 Lindau / Oberstdorf , p. 37.

Dongus is a bit imprecise here. Because not only the falcon east of Denkingen is an old moraine plate with corresponding soils, but also the forests / mountain ranges of Kapf / Grauwald , Malaien and Hohenreute, which it lists as youth moraines in the text . The young moraines framing the Oberlinzgau hill country from the northeast lie on the western roofing of the Grauwald and Hohenreuthe, the places Aftholderberg and Kleinstadelhofen lie directly on them. Dongus also does not draw the old moraine border on the Falkenberg at all on his Lindau sheet, although it clearly extends into the sheet area near Zoznegg and south of it - only Judentenberg and Sturmberg ( 769.5  m ) south of the hamlet are on the young moraine.

With the young moraines of Pfullendorf, Dongus means both those lying on its leaf, framing the Wilhelmsdorf tongue basin to the northwest, as well as those stretching from west of Pfullendorf to the southeast. However, they are at Andelsbach where Named by him Andelsbach channel runs through the Denkinger panels, interrupted. Consequently, and in accordance with the relief, Dongus' unit Ilmensee basin would have to extend in the north on the L 201 b (road from Ruschweiler to Denkingen ) to the old moraine border north of the hamlet of Gampenhof , where the (upper) Andelsbach channel begins and the young moraines are interrupted.
The (upper) Andelsbachrinne takes up as a (dry) side channel that of the Malaiental , which separates the Malaien ridge from the Hohenreute and its northwestern continuations.

LUBW does not follow Dongus' suggestion and leaves the Denkinger plates completely in the Upper Swabian hill country. This is probably due to the fact that the Falkenberg orographically connects directly to the Höchst inclines and, on the other hand, is in turn separated from the flattening plates by gullies dating from the Worm era.

In the west, Dongus would draw the border of unit 030.2 along the Stockacher Ach valley, adding the greater part of the Stockacher mountainous area. This would probably be countered by the fact that the terminal moraines at Selgetsweiler turn at right angles to the west and the northeast of the Stockacher Bergland is geologically and in relief different.

The north-easternmost moraine arches of the Upper Swabian hill country also extend in small parts to sheet 179 Ulm , which Hans Graul had already drawn up in 1952. Apart from the contrary numbering, there are also differences in naming and demarcation. Graul calls the young moraines that penetrate his leaf near Bad Schussenried, the Schussenried-Waldsee terminal moraine area . This means in particular that he sees the complete ridge-like terminal moraine arch , which begins in the south-east near Gaishaus , then stretches north over immediately east of Bad Waldsee , and then frames Schussenried in an arc in a counterclockwise direction and ends west of the city as a unit. This would add Graul Dongus' unit 030.24 Jungendmoränen von Waldsee to the far east of its unit 030.23. This seems conclusive insofar as this moraine arch - unlike practically all other terminal moraine lines in the area - runs like a ridge and in particular clearly towers above the landscape on both sides.

Dongus' unit 030.23 youth moraines of Wagenhart and Atzenberger Höhe is also somewhat problematic in other respects. While the Atzenberger Höhe is a tertiary ridge within the young glacial landscape, which is only supported by young moraines in the north, the Wagenhart is mainly an old moraine plate of the Danube-Ablach plates; only its narrow southern edge - which of course has the highest peaks of the ridge - consists of young moraines and belongs to the Upper Swabian hill country. No less problematic is the name Saulgau terminal moraine on Blatt Ulm for the terminal moraines on the edge of the Wagenhart - because Bad Saulgau is already clearly in the old moraine area.

Emergence

In the Würm Ice Age , about 20,000 years ago, coined the Rhine - foreland glaciers the landscape. The drumlins represent a typical form of terrain here today. The Upper Swabian hill country is part of the young moraine landscape of the pre-alpine hill country, interspersed with glacial basins, lakes and moors . Loam and sandy loam predominate in the area of ​​the ground moraines , gravel and sand in the meltwater channels.

Surveys

The following elevations are located in the various sub-landscapes of the Upper Swabian hill country
(according to the cardinal direction, the western part denotes the Oberlinzgau hill country in the west, the central part the Oberlinzgau hill country in the center and the eastern part the Wilhelmsdorf-Waldseer hill country in the east) :

  • Höchst ( 837.8  m ) - own natural area, central part
  • Heiligenberg (a good 810  m ) - own natural area, central part
  • Galgenberg ( 776.6  m ) - (Southern) Altdorfer Wald , eastern part
  • nameless knoll between Hattenweiler and Echbeck (a good 775  m ) -  young moraines from Aftholderberg – Kleinstadelhofen – Echbeck , western part
  • Sturmberg ( 769.5  m ) - (eastern) young moraines from Kalkreute-Judentenberg , eastern part
  • Gehrenberg ( 754.3  m ) - own natural area, central part
  • Mountain near Horgenzell -Wechsetsweiler ( 731.9  m ) - (northern) Rinkenburger hill country , eastern part
  • Buchhalde near Owingen- Hedertsweiler ( 729.1  m ) - (southwestern) Schönach-Taisersdorfer Aach-Tobel , western part
  • nameless hilltop near Unterwaldhausen -auhof ( 729  m ) - Rinkenburger Hügelland, eastern part
  • Rinkenburg ( 725.6  m ) - Rinkenburg hill country, eastern part
  • Blasiberg near Bad Waldsee - Oberurbach ( 725  m ) -  young moraines from Schussenried-Waldsee , eastern part
  • Atzenberger Höhe ( 706.5  m ) - own natural area, eastern part
  • unnamed tip at Hüttenreute ( 697.9  m ) -  Jungendmoränen the cart Hart , eastern
  • Last at Selgetsweiler ( 697.9  m ) - (southern) Selgetsweiler-Hippetsweiler young moraines , western part
  • nameless hilltop at Rothenlachen ( 696.3  m ) - (northern) Selgetsweiler-Hippetsweiler young moraines , western part
  • Bergatreuter Forest ( 628.2  m ) - Kümmerazhofer Wald, Altdorfer Wald, eastern part
  • Hasenberg near Fronreute -Baienbach ( 620.7  m ) - (äszliches) Rinkenburger hill country, eastern part
  • Röschenwald ( 576.1  m ) - own sub-natural area, Altdorfer Wald, eastern part

The two-part young moraine arch, which includes the western and eastern partial landscape from the north and is interrupted at Langgassen by the transition from the Illmensee basin to the Andelsbach rinne , reaches around 700  m almost everywhere and in the center, on the northern roof of the Höchst, and in the extreme southeast, at the center of the altitude of the southern Altdorf Forest, even 770  m . In addition, heights of around 730  m can be found in the central and northern Rinkenburg hill country in the eastern part, at the interface with the Hegau or Stockacher mountain country in the extreme southwest and on the young moraines of Schussenried-Waldsee in the extreme east.

Protected areas

In the Pfrunger Ried

Numerous nature and landscape protection areas are designated within the Upper Swabian hill country , especially swamp and moorland areas ( reeds ) and bodies of water ( ponds , ponds, springs). The larger of these areas, such as Pfrunger Ried , Federsee or Schreckensee , are placed under special protection as FFH and / or European bird protection areas.

Protected area shares % Total landscape area
FFH areas 6.75
European bird sanctuaries 5.21
Nature reserves 2.57
Other protected areas 1.70
Effective proportion of the protected area 9.76

Status: 2010

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Natural area profile Upper Swabian Hügelland (032) - LUBW (PDF; 8.8 MB; notes )
  2. ^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (editor): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
  3. ^ A b Alfred G. Benzing: Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 186 Konstanz. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1964. →  Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
  4. ^ A b Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 187/193 Lindau / Oberstdorf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1991. →  Online map (PDF; 6.1 MB)
  5. ↑ Main natural areas of Baden-Württemberg (PDF; 3.1 MB), changes (PDF; 2.4 MB; pp. 55–58) - LUBW ( notes )
  6. ↑ a b State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information )
  7. ^ A b Hans Graul: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 179 Ulm. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1952. →  Online map (PDF; 4.8 MB)
  8. ↑ Benzing names the unit 032.11 Heiligenberg-Höchst · Bergland , but only the Heiligenberg is on the Konstanz sheet.
  9. ↑ Dongus names the unit 030.33 Homberg-Höchst .
  10. ↑ GeoViewer of the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials ( information )
  11. ↑ Dongus mentions both the Andelsbach channel and the Kehlbach channel that joins it in the area of ​​the Danube-Ablach slabs from the southwest , both of which are not shown on the Konstanz sheet.

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