Key castle

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Schlüsselburg (disambiguation) .

city Schlüsselburg Шлиссельбург flag coat of arms Federal district Northwest Russia Oblast Leningrad Rajon Kirovsk First mention 13th Century City since 1780 surface 16  km² population 13,170 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 823 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 15  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 81362 Post Code 187320 License Plate 47 OKATO 41 475 Geographical location Coordinates 59 ° 57 '  N , 31 ° 2'  E Coordinates: 59 ° 56 '31 "  N , 31 ° 2' 4"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Leningrad Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Schlüsselburg ( Russian Шлиссельбург , from 1944 to 1992 Петрокрепость / Petrokrepost , in the Middle Ages Орешек / Oreshek ; historically Swedish Nöteborg , Finnish Pähkinälinna ) is a town on the left bank of the Neva , where these the Lake Ladoga leaves, 35 kilometers east of St. Petersburg . The city ​​of Leningrad Oblast has 13,170 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

The historic old town and the fortress of Shlisselburg on a river island in front of the city were included in the list of world cultural and natural heritage of humanity by UNESCO in 1990.

Bird's eye view of Schlüsselburg with Lake Ladoga (left) and Neva (right)

history

Middle Ages and Early Modern Times

Before the actual settlement, a wooden fortress was built in the same place on the offshore island in the Neva in the 14th century. According to Russian historiography, the fortress was built by Yuri I Daniilowitsch , the Grand Duke of Moscow and Prince of Novgorod at the same time. According to the Swedish version, the island was first fortified in 1299 by the Swede Torgils Knutsson .

In 1323 negotiations were held in the fortress about the Russian-Swedish border in Karelia , the conclusion is usually referred to as the Treaty of Nöteborg in German historiography . The fortress itself remained with Novgorod . In May 1612 the fortress fell to Sweden after nine months of siege in the Ingermanland War . During the Great Northern War , Peter I was finally able to recapture the fortress for Russia in 1702 after ten days of shelling . He then gave the fortress the German name “Schluesselburg”, probably because he saw it as the “key” to conquering an access to the Baltic Sea.

On the left bank of the Neva, the Schliisselburg settlement also developed from 1702. It received city status in 1780. Its layout was shaped by the canal and lock systems of the Ladoga Canal, which was built in 1719 and is important for Neva shipping .

Modern times

Crossing in Schluesselburg

On September 8, 1941, after heavy fighting, it was captured by the German Wehrmacht . On January 18, 1943, the city was recaptured by the Red Army as part of Operation Iskra .

In 1944, in the course of the eradication of German place names after Peter the Great in Petrokrepost (Петрокрепость, literally “St. Peter's Fortress”), Schlüsselburg was renamed. In 1992 the city got its old name back.

Population development

year	1897	1939	1959	1970	1979	1989	2002	2010
Residents	5,284	9,715	7.164	8,466	10,212	12,589	12,401	13.305

Note: census data

economy

There are several shipyards in Schluesselburg.

traffic

The locks of the old Ladoga Canal

The Petrokrepost train station on the other bank of the Neva across from Shlisselburg connects with the Ladoga train station in St. Petersburg.

The highways A 120 , which surrounds St. Petersburg, and R21 , which connects St. Petersburg and Murmansk , run a few kilometers south of the city.

The Neva and Lake Ladoga are navigable. The new Ladoga Canal , which begins as part of the Volga-Baltic Sea Canal near Schluisselburg, connects the Volkhov with the Neva.

architecture

Cathedral of the Annunciation (2018)

Nikolski Church in Shlisselburg

Few historical buildings have survived, apart from a few churches from the 18th century. Perhaps the most remarkable sight is the Old Ladoga Canal, which was started at the behest of Peter the Great in 1719 and completed twelve years later under the direction of Field Marshal Münnich .

See also

• List of cities in Leningrad Oblast

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ^ Harrison E. Salisbury: 900 days. The siege of Leningrad (= Fischer pocket books 4425 history ). Unabridged edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-596-24425-0 , pp. 319-320.

Web links

Commons : Schluesselburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Shlisselburg on mojgorod.ru (Russian)