East Frisian Field Artillery Regiment No. 62

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The East Frisian Field Artillery Regiment. 62 was an artillery joined the Prussian army in the German Empire .

Tradition of the parent batteries

Oldenburg artilleryman (left) Lübeck and Bremen infantryman (center and right) of the Oldenburg-Hanseatic Brigade around 1830
Artillery barracks Oldenburg from 1847

In Field Artillery Regiment No. 62, the traditions of the Oldenburg artillery founded in 1830 were continued.

Former artillery barracks Oldenburg. Main fire station in Oldenburg until 2011
Former artillery barracks and armory in Oldenburg. Main fire station in Oldenburg until 2011

From the time of Count Anton Günther it is proven that the Oldenburg artillery at times comprised 173 metal pieces from 1-pounder to 36-pounder. In the subsequent Danish period from 1667 to 1777, Oldenburg was developed as a fortress and had a large stock of artillery, but no precise information is available so far.

On the occasion of the siege of Mezieres on July 15, 1815, Prince Blücher transferred two guns to the Oldenburg Regiment under Colonel Wilhelm Gustav Friedrich Wardenburg . In addition to these two guns, two more were added in 1820, the King Friedrich Wilhelm III. Donated by Prussia to Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig in recognition of his service in the campaign of 1815. These four cannons stood (presumably until 1919) in front of the castle guard and the barracks of Infantry Regiment No. 91 .

In 1821 the Oldenburg military contingent of the German Confederation received eight 6-pounders, which had been cast in Dresden , and three 8-pounder howitzers . But it was not until October 8, 1830 that the Oldenburg artillery was founded as the Grand Ducal Oldenburg Artillery Company at the instigation of Grand Duke Paul Friedrich August . From 1834, Oldenburg took over the artillery contingent within the Oldenburg-Hanseatic Brigade . In 1841 a 2nd artillery company was set up. Apparently this gave the artillery the name Grand Ducal Oldenburg Artillery Corps .

1848 Artillery Corps took as part of the Federal X. Army Corps at war against Denmark in part. On 27./28. May 1848 the corps was involved in the battle in the Flensburg Fjord against Danish naval units. On September 5, 1848, the artillery moved out of Schleswig and returned to Oldenburg on September 23 and 26. In 1849 parts of the corps were used again in Schleswig-Holstein. On June 8th there was a battle against Danish gunboats near Arnkiels-Oere .

At the German-Danish war in 1864 did not participate in the Oldenburg federal quota. Part of the artillery corps should be kept ready to defend Heppens , later Wilhelmshaven , against the Danish fleet if necessary. The measures were limited to a practice march to Heppens and a few exercises on the Zwischenahner Meer near Bad Zwischenahn .

In the German War of 1866, the corps took part as part of the Oldenburg-Hanseatic Brigade , which was subordinate to the Prussian 13th Division under August Karl von Goeben . This belonged to the Prussian Main Army under Lieutenant General von Manteuffel . The Oldenburg troops were bid farewell by Grand Duke Nikolaus Friedrich Peter in the presence of the entire Grand Ducal family. On June 24th, the corps took part in the battle near Werbach and fought against artillery from Baden. On July 26th, two batteries of the corps took part in the battle of Würzburg and shelled the Marienberg fortress , but also hit parts of the city center. The armistice was signed on the same day.

In 1867 the Oldenburg artillery became part of the Prussian Field Artillery Regiment No. 10 due to the Oldenburg-Prussian military convention . This is why there was no artillery force in Oldenburg from 1867 until the establishment of the Field Artillery Regiment No. 62 in 1899, so that one cannot speak of a continuous artillery tradition.

history

The regiment was set up on March 25, 1899 (Foundation Day) in the course of the army increase and originally only bore the designation "Field Artillery Regiment No. 62". It was formed from parts of the 2nd Hanover Field Artillery Regiment No. 26 in Verden , whose 1st Division was stationed in Oldenburg . This department remained in Oldenburg as the 1st department of the new regiment, the 2nd department was moved from Verden to Osnabrück in 1903 . The association formed together with the 2nd Hanoverian Field Artillery Regiment No. 26 the 19th Field Artillery Brigade of the 19th Division .

On January 27, 1902, on the occasion of the Emperor's birthday, the newly formed field artillery regiments were given nicknames that referred to the parts of the country in which they stood or from which they obtained their replacements. The field artillery regiment No. 62 was therefore given the nickname "East Frisian", although its locations in Oldenburg and Osnabrück were not in East Frisia and only part of the replacement came from East Frisia. The regimental staff was in Oldenburg until the regiment was dissolved on May 31, 1919.

In the summer of 1900, six officers, six non-commissioned officers and 18 men volunteered to join the East Asian Expeditionary Corps to suppress the Yi he tuan movement in China , some of whom took part in various skirmishes. Those involved received the China commemorative coin .

Between 1904 and 1906 six officers, a medical officer, two purser aspirants, eight NCOs, a trumpeter and 15 men volunteered to suppress the Herero uprising in German South West Africa . There were apparently several deaths from diseases such as typhoid . Although the number of officers and non-commissioned officers in the volunteer reports was quite high, the number of normal conscripts was remarkably low.

First World War

At the beginning of the First World War , the regiment mobilized on August 2, 1914 and was deployed as part of the 19th division on both the western and eastern fronts:

  • Advance and trench warfare in the west 1914/15
  • Summer campaign on the Eastern Front in 1915
  • Champagne and Chemin des Dames 1915/16
  • Eastern Front 1916 ( Kovel )
  • Defensive battle in the west 1916–1918
  • Assault fighting in the west, 1918
  • Final battle in the west in the summer and autumn of 1918

On January 16, 1917, the association was in accordance with the ordinance of the War Ministry to a III. Department expanded. In addition, other units were integrated into the regiment in the course of the war, such as the light ammunition columns 944 and 1233 (formerly part of the train ). From February 28, 1917 until the end of the war, the regiment was under the 238th Infantry Division .

During the war the regiment lost 49 officers and 304 NCOs and men to the dead ; 990 wounded men.

Whereabouts

From November 5 to December 13, 1918, the regiment marched from France via Belgium back to Germany. On December 13th, those born until 1895 were dismissed and the vehicle and horse material was reduced as much as possible in order to free up capacities for rail transport. From December 25th to 27th, 1918, the regiment was loaded into Zimmerrode and transported to Oldenburg (regimental staff, 1st and 3rd division) and Osnabrück (2nd division). The demobilization of the regiment began on January 10, 1919 and was disbanded on May 31, 1919.

The tradition in the Reichswehr was carried over to the 3rd Squadron of the 6th (Prussian) Driving Department in Osnabrück by decree of the Chief of Army Command, General of the Infantry Hans von Seeckt , on August 24, 1921. In the Wehrmacht , the 1st Division of Artillery Regiment 58 in Oldenburg continued the tradition.

Commanders

Rank Surname date
Colonel Otto von Blanquet 0April 1, 1899 to April 21, 1902
Major / Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Krause April 22, 1902 to April 9, 1906
Lieutenant colonel Hermann von Linstow April 10, 1906 to March 17, 1907
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Eduard Dyes March 18, 1907 to March 19, 1911
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Rudolf von Napolski March 20, 1911 to September 19, 1914
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Friedrich von Krause September 20, 1914 to February 15, 1917
major Hartmann February 16, 1917 to January 19, 1919
Colonel Johannes Hohnhorst January 20 to May 31, 1919

uniform

The field artillery regiment No. 62 wore the uniform based on the pattern of the Prussian field artillery. The 2nd and 3rd (Oldenburg) Battery led as nationality badges blue-red Landeskokarde of the Grand Duchy , as well as epaulets or shoulder boards "A" monogram of Grand Duke Paul Friedrich August with and the helmet on the breast of the Prussian arms eagle a new silver star the Oldenburg coat of arms in German silver .

Culture of remembrance

Memorial Hall of the East Frisian Field Artillery Regiment No. 62

On September 26, 1921, based on a design by the Oldenburg architect Kurt Boschen, a memorial hall was inaugurated at Ofener Strasse 19 in the former stud garden , the architecture of which is based on the Pantheon in Rome . In it there is an altar stone on two steps and a three-part sandstone tablet on which the names of the fallen in the regiment are recorded. The honorary memorial hall of the Oldenburg artillery is still located on Ofener Strasse near the main fire station and the Jade University , Oldenburg location, both of which are housed in former buildings of the Oldenburg artillery.

In the city of Oldenburg, the high-Straße, Würzburg street and Werbach Street in the so-called are early days named after the use of Oldenburg Artillery Corps in the German war. 1866

See also

literature

  • K [arl]. von Stumpff: History of the Grand Ducal Oldenburg Artillery Corps ud participation of his former batteries in d. Campaign against France 1870/71. Oldenburg i. Gr., Verlag Gerhard Stalling, no year [1905].
  • August Tecklenburg: The Hanoverians, Brunswick and Oldenburg in the war against France 1870–71. A war and honor book of the X Army Corps and a people's book for Lower Saxony and East Friesland. Hanover 1908.
  • Westerkamp: Our regiment. A collection of letters, diary sheets and records from the time of the great war. On behalf of the officers' association former. FAR 62. Melle 1925.
  • Max Simon-Eberhard: Royal. Prussian. East Frisian. Field Artillery Regiment No. 62 . Stalling, Oldenburg 1922. (Volume 9 of the artillery booklets in the series of memorial sheets for German regiments , available digitally: urn : nbn: de: 101: 1-201203226880 )
  • Albert Benary : Former East Frisian Field Artillery Regiment No. 62 (Tradition of the German Army Issue 442), Berlin 1938.
  • Gähde: History of the East Frisian Field Artillery Regiment No. 62 and its main batteries. Compiled for the NCOs and men of the regiment on official request. Berlin without a year [1912].
  • Peter Galperin: In defense and arms. Military citizens, mercenaries and soldiers in Oldenburg and the Hanseatic cities. Stuttgart 1983.
  • Wilhelm Gilly de Montaut: Fortress and garrison Oldenburg. Oldenburg 1980.
  • Ludwig von Weltzien : Military studies from Oldenburg's prehistory and history of the Oldenburg contingent. Oldenburg 1858.
  • Udo Elerd (Ed.): From the vigilante to the armed forces . On the history of the garrison and the military in the city of Oldenburg. Oldenburg 2006.
  • Frank Langer: The uniforms and equipment of the Oldenburg troop corps 1813-1867. Schortens 2009.
  • Egbert Koolman: An Oldenburger in Berlin. Wilhelm Meinardus and the Prussian-Oldenburg military convention of 1867. in: Oldenburger Jahrbuch. Vol. 100, 2000, pp. 49-88.
  • Burkhard Koop: The activity of the brigades, regiments, battalions, batteries, departments and ammunition columns set up in Oldenburg in the World War 1914–1918. Oldenburg (self-published) 2014.
  • Jürgen Kraus : Handbook of the associations and troops of the German army 1914-1918. Part IX: Field Artillery. Volume 1, Verlag Militaria, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-902526-15-1 , pp. 271-272.
  • City of Oldenburg (Ed.): Oldenburg 1914–1918. A source volume on the everyday, social, military and mental history of the city of Oldenburg in the First World War. (Publications of the Oldenburg City Archives, Vol. 7), Oldenburg (Isensee) 2014. ISBN 978-3-7308-1080-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reichswehr Ministry (Ed.): Ranking list of the German Reichsheeres. ES Mittler & Sohn , Berlin 1930, p. 207.
  2. ^ Günter Wegmann (Ed.), Günter Wegner: Formation history and staffing of the German armed forces 1815-1990. Part 1: Occupation of the German armies 1815–1939. Volume 3: The occupation of the active regiments, battalions and departments from the foundation or list up to August 26, 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1993, ISBN 3-7648-2413-1 . P. 283.