Holstein Field Artillery Regiment No. 24

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Holstein Field Artillery Regiment No. 24

Seal mark Holstein Field Artillery Regiment No. 24isolated.jpg

Seal of the 1st division of the regiment
active 1872 to 1919
Country Kingdom of Prussia
Armed forces Prussian Army
Branch of service artillery
Type Artillery Regiment
Location Most recently, Güstrow and Neustrelitz
management
Commanders See list of commanders

The . Holstein Field Artillery Regiment 24 (FAR 24) was an artillery - Association of the Prussian army . The regiment was set up in 1872 and had its garrison locations u. a. in Schwerin , Neustrelitz , Mölln , Güstrow , Itzehoe and Bahrenfeld , from 1899 only in Güstrow (staff and 1st department ) and in Neustrelitz (3rd department). The regiment took part in the First World War and was disbanded in 1919.

history

Constellation and Peace Period (1872–1914)

Regiment reservist jug from peacetime (1898)

The field artillery regiment No. 24 was officially set up with AKO on July 18, 1872 (Foundation Day) as a regiment of the division artillery, the original name of the unit was Schleswig-Holstein Regiment No. 9 . To form the regiment, the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg III. Department removed their 5th heavy and 5th and 6th light battery with Garrison Schwerin and the 6th heavy battery in Neustrelitz , plus the provisional field department with 4th heavy, 2nd provisional and 2nd and 4th light battery in Mölln . The provisional field department had been mobilized during the Franco-Prussian War . In the autumn of 1872 the field artillery regiments of the Prussian army were increased and divided. With AKO of October 24, 1872, the Schleswig-Holstein Regiment No. 9 was also divided into a division of the division artillery and one division of the corps artillery.

In December 1872 Prussia and Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Strelitz concluded a military convention. This completed the integration of the Mecklenburg troops into the Prussian army, which had begun with Mecklenburg's entry into the North German Confederation in 1867. In 1872 the Mecklenburg contingent was transferred to the Prussian IX in administration and budget . Army Corps over. In the IX. Army Corps, the Mecklenburg troops formed large parts of the 17th Division .

In 1874 the regiment was renamed, the new names were 1st division (Großh. Mecklenburg. Abtl., Later Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Field Artillery Regiment No. 60 ) with 1st to 4th battery and 2nd department with 5th to 8th battery. This division was finalized by AKO on May 7, 1874, the division into corps artillery and divisional artillery was omitted. The second regiment of the brigade was now called the Holstein Field Artillery Regiment No. 24 and consisted of two divisions of four batteries each, which were renumbered. These two field artillery regiments (No. 24 and No. 60) formed the 17th Field Artillery Brigade, unchanged, as the divisional artillery of the 17th Division .

In 1881 the regiment gave the 5th battery to Field Artillery Regiment No. 9 , and formed a new 5th battery to replace it. In 1887 the staff of a III. Division set up and a 9th battery formed. The regiment was now divided into three sections, each with three batteries.

In 1893, active service in the German Reich was set at two years; this applied to infantry and non-mounted artillery, which included Field Artillery Regiment No. 24. This was accompanied by a significant increase in the standing army. Despite compulsory military service, only a good half of the men conscripted were called up because the army increase did not keep pace with the population growth and the improved health of the young men through medical progress and better nutrition. As a result, the FAR-24 consisted almost entirely of volunteers from its inception until the outbreak of war. In the course of the army increase in 1893 another division (IV.) Was set up at FAR 24, the staff and a 10th battery were newly set up. This fourth division had its garrison first in Altona , then in Bahrenfeld . The regiment now consisted of four divisions, each with three batteries.

With the military increase of 1899, the regiment gave the 1st and 4th divisions to the field artillery regiment No. 60 . Another battery went to the field artillery regiment No. 45 , but remained in Bahrenfeld.

Garrisons and barracks

The regiment and its units had the following types of garrison and barracks (in order of first use):

  • Schwerin was from 1872 to 1887 (and thus before and after the division of the Großh. Meckl. Artillery Regiment) location of the regimental staff
  • Neustrelitz was the location of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Battery, which from 1874 belonged to the regiment with different numbers, first as the 2nd battery (1874–1888), then as the 9th battery (1887–1899), and finally as the 3rd battery (1888–1888) 1914). Until its dissolution in 1919, Neustrelitz remained a garrison of the regiment.
  • From 1872 to 1890 Mölln was the location of Department II, which was then relocated to Itzehoe
  • From 1887 Güstrow was the location of the III. Department, in 1891 a department from Itzehoe was added, plus the regimental staff.
  • Itzehoe , location of the II. Department from 1890 to 1891, then relocation to the newly built barracks in Güstrow
  • Altona or Bahrenfeld was from 1893 garrison of the IV. Division with staff and a battery, which was handed over to the field artillery regiment No. 45 in 1899 . The garrison remained in spite of the changed position in the "old artillery barracks" in Bahrenfeld on Theodorstrasse / corner of Luruper Chaussee.

From 1899 until its dissolution in 1919, the regiment only had two locations, Güstrow and Neustrelitz.

Officer's mess in Güstrow (1904)

In Güstrow the regiment used two barracks complexes at the western end of Neukruger Straße, before the confluence with Rostocker Chaussee. To the northeast of this intersection was barracks I, which had been rebuilt in 1896 to accommodate the regiment. From 1897 regimental staff and the III. Department. Before the barracks were built, the members of the regiment were housed in quarter houses. In 1899 the III. Department renamed I. Department after the old I. Department had been given up.

The city barracks were located southeast of the Neukruger Strasse / Rostocker Chaussee intersection; the name arose from the city's financing of the construction. This barracks, also known as barracks II (later Ludendorff barracks), was occupied by the II. Department on April 1, 1891, which was previously located in Itzehoe. Department II was then housed in the city barracks until 1914.

Some buildings in barracks areas I and II at the western end of Neukruger Straße / confluence with Rostocker Chaussee still exist and are under monument protection .

The Strelitz artillery battery was garrisoned in the so-called battery barracks in Neustrelitz. The barracks was built by Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel in the period 1858–1861. The main building is located between the infantry barracks and the parade hall. In 1913 another accommodation building for the 3rd battery was built behind the parade hall.

First World War (1914-18)

Field artillery regiment 24 loaded onto the railroad in 1914. The gunners wear the artillery spiked hoods with bullet attachments and camouflage cover

During the First World War, the regiment was mainly deployed on the western front, only in autumn 1917 the regiment was deployed in the mountain war against Italy.

Mobilization began on August 2, 1914, regimental staff, I. and II. Divisions were filled with three batteries each and two light ammunition columns (LMK) for supplies. On August 7th and 8th, the rail transport began with the loading in Güstrow, on August 11th the regiment joined the association of the 18th Division near Aachen to advance through Belgium.

In 1914 the regiment took part in the Battle of Mons and the Battle of the Marne , then it went into trench warfare .

In 1915 the regiment took part in the Winter Battle of Champagne and the Battle of the Somme .

In the spring of 1917 the II./24 took part in the Battle of Arras , followed by a period of rest at the Sebourg military training area and participation in the Battle of the Aisne .

In autumn 1917 the regiment came to the Maubert Fontaine military training area in the Ardennes department for rest and training , while 12 officers and 24 NCOs were sent to the mountain artillery shooting school in Sonthofen . From October 14th, the regiment was loaded into France and transported by rail via Rosenheim to Arnoldstein (Carinthia). There the regiment was part of the 22nd kuk rifle division with its starting position in the Flitsch valley , where the regiment took up position on October 21, 1917, and took part in the twelfth Isonzo battle on October 24 . The German Jäger Division advanced in the 2nd row, and this association was temporarily assigned the FAR 24 from October 25th. The advance went to Feltre . In January and February 1918 the regiment was mostly at rest and field training and was transported back to the Western Front from February 27th.

In 1918 the regiment was used at Reims as part of the second Marne battle .

On October 31, 1918, the FAR-24 returned to the Jäger Division and was used when retreating from the Hermann position at Berlaimont . The regiment suffered heavy losses while retreating through the forest area of Fôret Domaniale de Mormal . On November 7, 1918, the regiment's batteries fired the last shots from positions in Douzies near Maubeuge and then withdrew together with the Jäger Division to the area southeast of Brussels .

Dissolution (1918/19)

After the armistice on November 11, 1918 , the Jäger Division was ordered to Liège to protect the retreating German troops. From November 15, 1918, parts of the FAR-24 occupied the Liège Citadel, the Palace of Justice and the train station to Verviers . The march towards home began on November 18, and the following day the regiment crossed the border at Herbesthal . On November 23rd, the Jäger Division entered Cologne and on November 26th marched on to Unna . Parts of the Jäger Division with parts of the FAR-24 were brought together at the Döberitzer Heide military training area at the beginning of December , and took part in a march past Berlin on December 11, 1918, which ran from Grunewald to Pariser Platz . The presence of the troops in Berlin was also intended to support the Ebert government . On December 12th, the Jäger Division was disbanded, and on December 15th the 1st Division of the FAR-24 arrived in Güstrow after the train journey, the 3rd battery in Neustrelitz. On December 17, team members over the age of 20 were released. Until December 20th, the II. And III. Division of the regiment in Güstrow and Neustrelitz.

From January to the end of March 1919, Field Artillery Regiment No. 24 became a volunteer force with six batteries in the 17th Division. The 24th Volunteer Regiment was disbanded on May 4, 1919, the Neustrelitz site was given up. The artillery regiment with the number 24 no longer existed. In the course of the establishment of the Reichswehr and the reduction to a 100,000-man army, the six batteries became a single one, which was added to the Artillery Regiment 2 of the Reichswehr as the 4th battery and continued the tradition there .

Remembrance and commemoration

In 1922, a regimental history written by the former battery chief Kurt Pflieger was published in the series of memorial sheets for German regiments.

In 1923, a memorial created by Paul Wallat for the 451 soldiers of the Holstein field artillery regiment No. 24 and its replacement troops who died in World War I was inaugurated on Rostocker Platz in Güstrow . The monument had a square basic shape, with a relief plate on the front of the cuboid and inscriptions on the remaining sides. A bowl rested on top. The memorial was removed in 1942 when a fire fighting pond was being built. The relief plate is said to have been stored in the Güstrow City Museum , but has not been found there since 1945.

In his multi-volume work Anniversaries, Uwe Johnson lets the fictional character Heinrich Cresspahl do his military service in the 2nd battery of the Field Artillery Regiment No. 24 in Güstrow - first from 1906 to 1908 as a driver of a limber , then in World War I as a sergeant.

“The Holstein Artillery Regiment No. 24 was with five batteries in Güstrow and one in Neustrelitz (that was the“ salute battery ”). I saw the barracks in Güstrow unintentionally, without a clue, deep red brick blocks behind low walls with decorative crowns, a square between the cemetery and Barbarastrasse, so that it will probably later also be a Russian quarter, with green-painted screens. In the meantime converted into civil apartments; You can still guess where the guard was. "

- Uwe Johnson : Trying to find a father

Uwe Johnson's memory, here from Gesine Cresspahl's perspective, includes the use of the artillery barracks after the war and in the GDR. Johnson lived in Güstrow from 1945 to 1952. After the barracks were built in 1890, Neukruger Strasse was renamed Barbarastrasse, after the patron saint of artillery . Today the street is called Neukruger Strasse again.

Subordination, structure and personnel

Association membership

From 1872 to 1899 the regiment belonged to the 9th Field Artillery Brigade with staff in Altona , which in turn belonged to the IX. Army Corps , also Altona.

From 1899 to 1914 the regiment was then subordinate to the 17th field artillery brigade with staff in Schwerin , which was part of the 17th division (also Schwerin). The corps was thus still the IX. Army Corps in Altona. At the outbreak of war the regiment moved into the field in this stock, the IX. Army Corps was subordinate to the 1st Army .

Equipment and uniform

In 1906 the regiment was equipped with the field cannon 96 nA with hydropneumatic tube return and protective shield. Because of the growing importance of indirect shooting, the artillery observers were equipped with telescopic sights , and the gun crews were equipped with an aiming circle so that the positions could be measured more precisely .

Field gray uniform of the field artillery regiment No. 24 around 1915 (on the right the Neustrelitzer 3rd battery)

In 1915, the Prussian Army introduced a field gray peace uniform in addition to the field gray field uniform. The shoulder pieces of field artillery regiments were some exceptions "Ponceau" (crimson) highlighted. On the shoulder is crossed cannon barrels and embroidered number 24. The third battery garrison in Neustrelitz were had over the other batteries of the regiment slightly different uniform by the lower edge of the collar of the tunic with a "ponceauroten" thrust was provided.

Commanders

Time in service Commander's name Life dates Rank as commander / remarks
1872 to 1877 Lewinski, Eduard von 1829-1906 Lieutenant Colonel, later General of the Artillery
1877 to 1880 Gilsa, Julius of 1827-1902 Colonel, then transferred to temporary retirement
1880 to 1885 Mutius, Wilhelm von 1832-1918 later lieutenant general
1888 to 1891 Mohl, Erwin von 1839-1895 then commander of the 4th Field Artillery Brigade
1891 to 1893 Voigts-Rhetz, Konstans von 1848-1893 died as a colonel in this position
1894 to 1898 Werthern, Karl von 1844-1931
1898 to 1899 Hanstein, Max von 1850-1937 then commander of the field artillery regiment No. 60 , advanced to lieutenant general
1899 to 1902 Scheele, Ernst von 1852-1909 Colonel v. Scheele was previously a department commander in Schwerin
1902 to 1908 Beckedorff, Erich von 1855-1936 then commander of the 36th Field Artillery Brigade
1908 to 1913 Merling, Otto 1854-1936 later lieutenant general
Feb. 1913 to Oct. 1914 Lenski, Franz von 1865-1942 Colonel, later Lieutenant General
Oct. 1914 to Feb. 1917 Michelly, Eberhard 1868–? Lieutenant colonel
Feb. 1917 to Dec. 1918 Lochow, Karl von 1868–? major

Other known relatives

  • Borwin zu Mecklenburg, Karl (1888–1908), lieutenant in the regiment
  • Jena, Leo von (1876–1957), military service in the regiment from 1902 to 1903, later general of the Waffen SS
  • Pflieger, Kurt (1890–1958), joined the regiment as an ensign in 1909, later adjutant and battery chief, in World War II lieutenant general and division commander
  • Putzier, Richard (1890–1979), joined the regiment in 1911 as a flag boy, where he remained until 1914, during World War II, General of the Air Force
  • Stumpfeld, Hans-Joachim von (1881–1968), served in the regiment and Lieutenant General in World War II
  • Ulex, Wilhelm (1880–1959), joined the regiment in 1899 as a flag boy, where he remained until the end of the First World War - first as battery chief, then as department commander. Later general in the Wehrmacht

literature

  • Lenski, Franz von : Years of learning and apprenticeship in the front and general staff . Bernard & Graefe, Berlin 1939.
  • Lenski, Franz von: Güstrow as a garrison . In: Mecklenburgische Monatshefte , Vol. 12, No. 138 (1936), pp. 323–327.
  • Lühe, Vollrath from the: History of the Holstein Field Artillery Regiment No. 24: Compiled for non-commissioned officers and men on official request . Opitz, Güstrow 1901. (Captain von der Lühe (1855–1938) was battery chief in the regiment)
  • Parchmann, Reinhard: Güstrow - garrison of a Prussian regiment. In: The same: Military buildings in Mecklenburg 1800–1918 (= series of publications by the studio for history and portrait painting. Volume 9). Schwerin 2001, ISBN 978-3-00-008019-7 , pp. 8-17.
  • Pflieger, Kurt : Holstein Field Artillery Regiment No. 24 (= memorial sheets of German regiments . Volume 50 of the series "Formerly Prussian Troop Units"). Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg / Berlin 1922, (digitized available: urn : nbn: de: 101: 1-201402237485 )

Web links

Commons : Holsteinisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 24  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Protocols to the Reichstag, 1872, 3 . AKtenstück 189, p. 702ff.
  2. ↑ Gerald Rosenberger: Finances and financial constitution in the two Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg from 1850 to 1914 , Volume 1, Part 1. LIT-Verlag, Münster 1999, ISBN 978-3-8258-4514-8 , pp. 190f.
  3. ↑ Statistical evidence of remarkable buildings of the Prussian garrison building administration completed in the years 1890 to 1896: Supplement to the Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , Vol.XLIX (1899), urn : nbn: de: kobv: 109-opus-90599 . Margin number 13, pp. 72-75.
  4. ^ Barracks and military on Güstrow - historical views on photos and postcards from 1890, by Thomas Pilz
  5. ↑ See the list of architectural monuments in Güstrow
  6. ↑ Memorial FAR-24 on studies of the city history of the Barlachstadt Güstrow , private website by Dieter Kölpien & Gernot Moeller. Accessed October 2017.
  7. ^ Cresspahl, Heinrich . In: Rolf Michaelis: Small address book for Jerichow and New York: a register for Uwe Johnson's novel Anniversaries, from the life of Gesine Cresspahl , revised and expanded edition. Suhrkamp, ​​Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-518-46498-4 .
  8. ↑ Klaus Kokol: With the eyes of Cresspahl - The appendix to volume 2 of the anniversaries . In: Johnson-Jahrbuch , Volume 9. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2002, ZDB -ID 1190089-1 , p. 109f.
  9. ↑ Uwe Johnson: Trying to Find a Father: An Unpublished Text . In: Die ZEIT, No. 37/1988 (September 9, 1988). First reading in NDR on December 23, 1975, published posthumously in 1988 by Suhrkamp , ISBN 978-3-518-11416-2 .
  10. ↑ Barbara Scheuermann: On the function of Low German in Uwe Johnson's work . Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1998, ISBN 978-3-525-20941-7 (= Volume 2, Johnson Studies), p. 360f.
  11. ↑ Neukruger road to Güstrow - historical views on photos and postcards from 1890, by Thomas Pilz
  12. ↑ Major a. D. Gluck: Brief history of the regiment from its foundation to 1914 . In: Kurt Pflieger: Holstein Field Artillery Regiment No. 24 . Stalling, Oldenburg 1922, pp. 7-10.
  13. ↑ Grand Ducal Mecklenburg-Strelitzer Regulations of May 31, 1916, “Changes to the Uniforms of Officers and Men”, No. 2. Quoted from Germany's army in field-gray war and peace uniform . PM Weber Berlin 1916, p. 22.
  14. ↑ Friedrich Wilhelm Beutner: The Royal Prussian Guard Artillery. Second volume, ES Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1894, p. 105, item 323 ( by Mutius, Wilhelm August Franz ).
  15. ^ A b c Franz von Lenski: Güstrow as a garrison. In: Mecklenburgische Monatshefte. Vol. 12, No. 138 (1936), p. 324.
  16. ^ Günter Wegner, Dermot Bradley: The occupation of the active regiments, battalions and departments of the foundation or list up to August 26, 1939 . Biblio-Verlag, Osnabrück 1993, ISBN 3-7648-2413-1 , p. 252.