Refugee camp

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Kutupalong refugee camp (here in March 2017) is the largest refugee camp in the world.
Aerial view of the Syrian refugee camp Zaatari in Jordan in July 2013
Refugee camp for refugees from Darfur ( Chad , 2005)
Refugee camp for refugees from Rwanda (Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1994)
Jenfelder Moorpark initial reception center

A refugee camp is a camp that houses refugees . The residents of the refugee camps fled political persecution , wars or civil wars , displacement , but also environmental disasters and famine ( environmental refugees ).

Refugee camp in Europe

Germany

In Germany and other European countries, after the Second World War, there were camps for refugees and displaced persons from the German eastern regions, for surviving Jews and others (sometimes referred to as DP camps) for so-called displaced persons , DPs ; usually built by Allies). These different camps served as transit stations before the onward journey to other countries or before the granting of an immigration permit and integration into the new home. There were also refugee camps for the large number of refugees (between 1949 and 1961 more than 100,000 each year) from the Soviet occupation zone (SBZ) or from the GDR . There was a special refugee youth camp for young people from the SBZ / GDR who had not yet reached the age of 21 .

The current accommodation of refugees in refugee camps (so-called initial reception facilities , collective accommodation , exit facilities ) is part of the benefits in kind principle of the Asylum Seekers Benefits Act in Germany .

Central refugee transit camp Gießen (1950)
since 1945
  • Gießen central refugee transit camp
from September 1, 1950 emergency reception center
from 1986 federal emergency reception center
today the central reception office of the State of Hesse
closed on March 31, 1963
1953 to 1978
- 1970
since December 7, 1955
Built in 1937 as a housing estate (for forced laborers)
from 1945 reception camp
from 1951 government camp for homeless foreigners
officially dissolved in 1956, but the last residents did not leave the camp until spring 1957

See also: Refugee accommodation (Germany)
See also: Refugee youth camp

Denmark

250,000 Germans arrived in Denmark in the last weeks of the war, and neither the Wehrmacht nor the Danish civil administration would have been prepared to accommodate them after the surrender. Many of these German refugees were then housed in the refugee camps in Jutland. For example in the Oksbøl refugee camp established in 1945 , which belonged to the municipality of Oksbøl , west of Silkeborg in Central Jutland. It was disbanded in 1949.

Liechtenstein

In Liechtenstein there is a reception center in Vaduz ; Another, temporary accommodation in Triesen was opened on July 1, 2016 by the Liechtenstein Refugee Aid Association (FHL).

Austria

See also accommodation and distribution of strangers in need of help and protection ( Federal Law Gazette I No. 120/2015 ).

Hungary

There are also refugee detention centers in Békéscsaba , Debrecen , Győr , Nyírbátor , Kiskunhalas and Budapest Airport .

In view of the large number of refugees on the streets, it is important in this context that the “Law on the Design and Protection of the Public Environment” of 2010 and the “Fourth Revision of the Hungarian Constitution” of March 11, 2013, among other things, criminalize it of homelessness.

Balkans

In Serbia there are still refugee camps in Cardak and Kalenic with refugees who fled as a result of the wars in Yugoslavia and the war in Kosovo.

Refugee camp in the Middle East

Camp for Palestinian refugees

Nahr al-Bared , 16 km north of Tripoli

The in Palestine War and the Six Day War fled and displaced Palestinians were in 58 refugee camps in the West Bank and Gaza Strip , in Jordan , Syria and Lebanon added, where they and their descendants sometimes life today and from UNRWA supplies become. The integration of the refugees into the population was partially prohibited by the authorities in the Arab states. The tents have meanwhile been replaced by permanent buildings, so the term “warehouse” (as a temporary provisional facility) is no longer factually correct. The use of this term here is more political in nature to illustrate the unclear status of the residents. The difference to political communities, however, is that the land does not belong to the residents, but is still state or privately owned and is only left to UNRWA for administration. There is therefore no political representation like the municipal council or mayor.

Currently existing refugee camps with number of population and year of establishment (as of July 2014):

West Bank

In the West Bank there are 19 refugee camps with 762,288 registered refugees.

  • 1948, Aqabat Jaber near Jericho (S), 6,400
  • 1948, A Sultan at Jericho , 1,900
  • 1949, Far'a between Nablus and the Jordan Valley, 7,600
  • 1949, Fawwar near Hebron (S), 8,000
  • 1949, Jalazoun near Bir Zait (S), 11,000
  • 1949, Kalandia between Jerusalem and Ramallah , 11,000
  • 1949, Amari near Ramallah / Al-Bireh , 10,500
  • 1949, Deir Ammar between Ramallah and Nablus , 2,400
  • 1949, Daheishe near Bethlehem (S), 13,000
  • 1950, Aida near Bethlehem (NW), 4,700
  • 1950, Al-Arroub between Bethlehem and Hebron, 10,400
  • 1950, Askar near Nablus (NO), 15,900
  • 1950, Balata near Nablus (O), 23,600
  • 1950, 'Azza (Beit Jibrin), 1,000
  • 1950, Ein Beit al-Ma '(Camp No. 1), 6,750
  • 1950, Tulkarem , 18,000
  • 1952, Nur Shams near Tulkarem (O), 9,000
  • 1953, Jenin , 16,000
  • 1965, Shu'fat near Jerusalem (N), 11,000

Gaza Strip

In the Gaza Strip there are eight refugee camps with 1,258,559 registered refugees.

  • 1948, Al-Shati (Beach camp), 87,000
  • 1950, Bureij, 34,000
  • 1948, Dair al-Balah , 21,000
  • 1948, Jabaliya near Gaza (NW), 110,000
  • 1949, Khan Yunis, 72,000
  • 1949, Maghazi , 24,000
  • 1948, Nuseirat near Gaza (S), 66,000
  • 1949, Rafah , 104,000

Jordan

There are 10 refugee camps in Jordan with 2,097,338 registered refugees.

  • 1948, Amman New Camp (Wihdat), 51,500
  • 1948, Jebal al-Hussein, 29,000
  • 1948, Irbid, 25,000
  • 1949, Zarqa, 20,000
  • 1967, Souf, 20,000
  • 1967, Talbieh, 7,000
  • 1968, Baqa'a, 104,000
  • 1968, Jerash, 24,000
  • 1968, Husn, 22,000
  • 1968, Marka, 53,000

Lebanon

In Lebanon there are 12 refugee camps with 449,957 registered refugees.

  • 1948, Bourj el-Barajneh, southern suburb of Beirut, 17,945
  • 1948, Ein el-Hilweh, suburb of Sidon, 54,116
  • 1948, El-Buss, 2 km south of Tire, 11,254
  • 1949, Nahr al-Bared , 16 km north of Tripoli, 5,857
  • 1949, Shatila, 9,842 (see Sabra and Shatila massacres )
  • 1948, Wavel, near Baalbek , 8,806
  • 1952, Mar Elias, Beirut suburb, 662
  • 1954, Mieh Mieh, 4 km east of Sidon , 5,250
  • 1955, Beddawi, 5 km north of Tripoli , 16,500
  • 1955, Burj al-Shemali , 3 km east of Tire , 22,789
  • 1956, Dbayeh, 12 km east of Beirut , 4,351
  • 1963, ar-Raschidiya , south of Tire, 31,478

Syria

In 2011 there were 9 refugee camps in Syria (3 of them unofficial *) with 526,744 registered refugees.

  • 1948, Sbeineh, 22,600
  • 1948, Neirab, 20,500
  • 1948 jaramana , 18658
  • 1949, Khan Eshieh, 20,000
  • 1949, Homs, 22,000
  • 1950, Daraa, 10,000
  • 1950, Hama, 8,000
  • 1950, Chan Dunoun, 10,000
  • 1955-6, Latakia *, 10,000
  • 1957, Yarmouk *, 148,500
  • 1962, Ein El-Tal *, 6,000
  • 1967, Qabr Essit, 23,700

Camp for Syrian civil war refugees

Since the beginning of the war in Syria in 2011, as of April 2018, 660,000 people have fled to Jordan.

  • <2018, Zaatari , around 80,000 (as of April 2018)

Refugee camp in Africa

Darfur conflict

  • Abushok, near El Fasher in North Darfur
  • Al Salam, at El Fasher
  • Amboko, in southern Chad
  • Azburki, at El Geneina in West Darfur
  • Azerni, at El Geneina
  • Gaga, Chad
  • Kalma, at Nyala
  • Mornei, at El Geneina
  • Sissi, at El Geneina
  • Tine, Darfur border in Chad
  • Zam Zam, at El Fasher

In Kenya there are the Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps for refugees from Somalia, Sudan and other countries.

Western Sahara Conflict

The refugee camps of the Sahrawi people who fled Western Sahara are located near Tindouf , Algeria , as well as the government-in-exile of the Polisario Front . Up to 150,000 people have lived there in the last 30 years.

Further

Refugee camp in Asia

Mae La refugee camp for refugees from Burma in Tak , Thailand (2007)

In Iran and Pakistan , numerous refugees from neighboring Afghanistan live in refugee camps such as Nasir Bagh in Pakistan.

In Thailand , many refugees from neighboring countries live in camps near the border. The largest is the Mae La camp in Tha Song Yang district .

Australia

Refugee camps as a war resource

In today's wars and those of recent history, refugee camps can also be an important war resource for participating groups. The constant flow of funds and resources from abroad into the war zone enables them to become part of the war economy. Warring parties who control the area around the camps can benefit from this in the following ways:

  • The supply of our own troops with food and medicine through international aid deliveries, since these usually also control the distribution
  • Income from customs duties levied on the access roads. Income from the sale of goods brought into the camp through international aid deliveries (food, medicines, etc.)
  • Protected retreat for wounded fighters

literature

Individual evidence

  1. [Refugee numbers from 1949–1961 (link removed because not complete.)]
  2. Relief: additional accommodation for asylum seekers put into operation. In: Volksblatt.li. August 9, 2016, accessed March 17, 2018 .
  3. ^ The refugee situation in Hungary. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on August 29, 2015 ; accessed on September 8, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.voroskereszt.hu
  4. Refugee camps & detention centers in Hungary. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on August 29, 2015 ; accessed on September 8, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.migszol.com
  5. ^ Hungary: Refugees between imprisonment and homelessness. Update and addition of the report from March 2012. Pro Asyl, accessed on 8 September 2015 .
  6. ^ Hungary: Refugees between imprisonment and homelessness. Update and addition of the report from March 2012. Pro Asyl, accessed on 8 September 2015 . Section “Criminalization of homelessness in Hungary”, p. 24 ff.
  7. UNRWA , homepage
  8. Where we work , unrwa.org
  9. Van der Bellen travels to Jordan orf.at, April 16, 2018, accessed April 16, 2018.
  10. www.unhcr.de: UNHCR ambassador donates to refugees from Western Sahara
  11. UNHCR Thailand and Japan Pilot Resettlement Program (PDF; 272 kB) August 25, 2010.
  12. Garbage children .
  13. Compare Herfried Münkler: The new wars. ISBN 978-3-499-61653-2

Web links

Commons : Refugee Camp  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Refugee camps  - explanations of meanings, origins of words, synonyms, translations