Pinocchio

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Pinocchio - Representation by Enrico Mazzanti
Title page of the 1902 edition
Pinocchio figures still unfinished

Pinocchio [ piˈnɔkkjo ] is a children's book character by the Italian author Carlo Collodi . She was best known when in 1881 the first little sequel with the wooden figure Pinocchio appeared in an Italian weekly newspaper under the title Le Avventure Di Pinocchio: Storia Di Un Burattino (Adventure of Pinocchio: Story of a Jumping Jack ). The series became so popular at the time that Collodi decided in 1883 to make a book out of it and publish it under the name Le avventure di Pinocchio .

The material inspired various authors to adapt it, for example Alexei Nikolajewitsch Tolstoy ( Burattino or the golden key ) and Sitta Kleinschmidt with the fairy tale Dulldei and Maika - A fairy tale from the twilight forest .

German editions

The book was first published in German in 1905 under the title Hippeltitsch's Abenteuer (in other translations also Das Holzerne Bengele ), but since 1948 mostly under The adventures of Pinocchio . Otto Julius Bierbaum wrote a German version of Pinocchio , which he published in 1905 under the name Gäpfel Kerns Abenteuer .

Pastor Anton Grumann, who had also published a German translation in 1913, published the sequel The Story of Bengeles Sister in 1931 , which, however, was not further known.

plot

One day the carpenter Antonio, who is known as “Master Cherry” because of his red nose, finds a log that speaks when he tries to work on it. Since he is unsure of the matter, he gives it to his friend, the woodcarver Geppetto. Geppetto is enthusiastic about the block of wood and immediately starts carving a wooden doll , which he baptizes Pinocchio (wooden / fool's head , pun between pino = pine / pine and the deminutive of pinco = stupid and occhio, Italian for eye) after the work is done .

To Geppetto's astonishment, the doll comes to life and tears away from its creator. While trying to recapture Pinocchio, Geppetto even ends up in jail, but is then released and finds Pinocchio starved and remorseful in his house. He promises to be good in the future and go to school. Despite the freezing cold, Geppetto sells his only jacket to buy Pinocchio a primer.

On the way to school, Pinocchio lets himself be distracted by a puppet show and skips school. The other dolls immediately recognize him as one of their own and an exuberant celebration begins. The theater director Feuerfresser is angry about it and wants to use Pinocchio as firewood. But later he feels sorry for him and gives him five gold pieces for his sick father Geppetto. Pinocchio happily makes his way home, where he meets the fox and the tomcat, to whom he recklessly tells about his new wealth. They suggest that he bury the money in the wonder field, where it should multiply by itself. After spending the night in the “Zum Roten Krebs” hostel, they part ways again. Pinocchio is followed shortly after by two robbers in disguise. Since they do not succeed in snatching the gold pieces that he has hidden in his mouth, they hang him on the branch of an oak tree, but at the last minute a fairy with dark blue hair saves him. She nurses him back to health, admonishes him to stay on the right path in the future, and sends him home to his father.

On the way home, Pinocchio meets the fox and the cat again, who persuade him again to bury his money in the wonder field. That way they manage to steal his money this time. Paradoxically, when Pinocchio reports the theft, he himself ends up in prison, but after four months he is able to flee only to be arrested again by a farmer who forces him to play the watchdog for him. He finally escapes there too.

With the help of a pigeon and a talking cricket, Pinocchio sets out to return to his father, who, worried about him, has now built a boat to look for him. Pinocchio hurries after his father, but when he arrives at the sea, all he sees is Geppetto being hit by a big wave. He bravely plunges into the water to save his father, but there is no sign of him. Exhausted, Pinocchio gives up and is washed up on the island of the busy bees. Nobody wants to give him something to eat there because he doesn't want to work. After all, he's helping a woman carry a heavy basket home.

The woman turns out to be the fairy with the dark blue hair who had already saved him from trouble. Again Pinocchio shows remorse and promises to improve in the future and go to school. In return, the fairy promises him that one day he will become a real flesh and blood boy. His resolution even lasted for a while until his classmate, nicknamed “Candle Wick”, suggested that he come to the land of gadgets, where all boys only do what they feel like doing. After some hesitation, Pinocchio succumbs to the temptation and travels with his friend to the playland.

At first Pinocchio and his friends are enthusiastic about the paradise of idleness, but one day everyone turns into donkeys. The donkeys are shipped and sold to a circus, but when Pinocchio injures himself during a performance, he is sold to a man who wants to make a drum out of Pinocchio's donkey skin. He tries to kill the donkey by throwing it into the sea, but when the fish attack the donkey, only Pinocchio is left and the man is left empty-handed. From now on, Pinocchio is floating in the sea again and before he knows it, he is swallowed by a basking shark. He already feels lost until he unexpectedly discovers his father in the belly of the fish. With combined strength, they escape from the basking shark and Pinocchio promises to finally be an honest and responsible boy from then on. When he successfully carries out and perseveres this resolution, one day he wakes up a real boy of flesh and blood.

interpretation

characters

Pinocchio and Master Geppetto. Illustration from the 1902 edition

Pinocchio's adventures are accompanied by a multitude of fantastic characters; you meet talking animals and a blue fairy. In addition, Pinocchio behaves like a real boy, transforming into a donkey and back again as the story progresses. Pinocchio is a fairytale-like fantastic story, whereby comic elements also flow into it.

The main characters are:

  • Pinocchio ([piˈnɔkːjo]) is introduced as a naughty and cheeky carved puppet, which only matures in the course of the book. This gives the whole story features of a development novel .
  • Master Geppetto ([dʒepˈːetːo]) is an elderly wood carver who lives in poor conditions. He is also the "father" of Pinocchio, which he made himself from pine wood. Geppetto is a nickname for Giuseppe .
  • The fairy with the dark blue hair (la Fata dai Capelli turchini) is the force of the forest that saves Pinocchio and first adopts him as a brother and later as a son.
  • The Talking Cricket (il Grillo parlante) - also called Jiminy Cricket or Pepe in adaptations - is a cricket and a companion of Pinocchio. After she was killed by Pinocchio's rash action at their first meeting, she later appeared as a ghost who stood by the wooden boy as an advisor - as a conscience, so to speak. Towards the end of the book, the cricket comes back to life.
  • The cat and the fox (il Gatto e la Volpe) are two seedy fellows who appear several times in the story and use all sorts of tricks to try to get Pinocchio out of his gold pieces. They stand for cunning and falsehood.
  • Kerzendocht (Lucignolo; in older translations "Röhrle") is a tall, thin boy and Pinocchio's best friend. He often gets him into trouble and has the idea of ​​traveling to toy land with Pinocchio.
  • Fire eater (Mangiafuoco, [mandʒaˈfwɔko]) is a puppeteer. Despite his grim appearance as a red-eyed long-bearded man, he is not angry. For example, he tends to pity and in the end lets Pinocchio go.
  • Master Cherry (Maestro Ciliegia, referred to by Geppetto as “Master Antonio”, in old translations also “Master Plum”) is a carpenter. He finds the piece of wood that will later become Pinocchio. When he tries to make a table leg out of it, the wood yells: "Please be careful!"
  • The coachman (Conduttiere del Carro; L'Omino) is a friendly smiling little man with a whip. He is very fat, has a rosy face and never sleeps. His voice sounds as sweet as honey. He sells all the children who have turned into donkeys to mines and makes a fortune with it.
  • Basking shark - As in the biblical book of Jonah , the devouring fish represents the final purification of the protagonist.

Minor characters:

  • Sergeant Onion Beard
  • the Dummhausen animals
  • the giant snake bursting with laughter
  • the farmer & the martens
  • Uwe Tangbart, the fisherman
  • Caesar the dog
  • the director
  • the man who wanted a drum
  • the tuna in the basking shark's belly

opposites

In the book, the contrasts that influence an adolescent child become clear again and again. On the one hand, Pinocchio tries to be terribly hardworking on the island of busy bees, on the other hand he lets himself go completely in the land of gadgets - two places of absolute contrast. Another point is the classic division between good and bad - Pinocchio, who, as an "unfinished" person, always offends good (Geppetto) and bad (fire eater, candle wick) in order to ultimately orientate himself on the good side, is the focus to which the respective parties endeavor.

Educational intentions

Pinocchio only turns into a real boy at the end of the story if he becomes helpful and hardworking. Pinocchio's nose grows considerably with every lie, which betrays him and ultimately dissuades him from lying. Children are thus taught that laziness, lying and disobedience do not go unpunished. The fairy also appears very strict: when Pinocchio does not want to take his medicine, the pallbearers are knocking on the door. However, the characters with educational functions like Geppetto react less authoritarian, but rather understanding and indulgent, as parents, family or other educators would probably do. If Pinocchio is a real boy, i. H. If you want to become a real person, it can be seen as a process of growing up.

Newer interpretations

Ever since Giorgio Manganelli called in his book Pinocchio: un libro parallelo and in articles in 1977 to read Pinocchio as an adult book - writers such as Antonio Tabucchi and Umberto Eco have followed suit - the literary historical dimension of the book has been taken seriously and the the supposed educational intention of the children's book takes a back seat. Parallels to the legend of Jesus and references to satire from late antiquity become recognizable, to Menippus of Gadara and Lucian of Samosata as well as to Renaissance literature are discussed. Instead of a child, such interpretations are about a variant of the fool's figure that involves the reader in a process of self-reflection.

Film adaptations

Settings

  • Pinocchio's adventure - children's opera by Claus and Wera Küchenmeister (libretto) and Kurt Schwaen (music), world premiere in Zwickau 1970
  • Oooh, Pinocchio - children's musical by Ernst A. Ekker , music by Viktor Fortin (Graz 1994)
  • Pinocchio, burattino di talento - opera in two acts by Pierangelo Valtinoni, libretto by Paolo Madron (Vicenza 2001), German text version by Hanna Francesconi (Berlin 2006)
  • Pinocchio - An Italian Dream in 12 Pictures - Opera for Children by Wilfried Hiller and Rudolf Herfurtner ( Libretto ) (Munich, 2001). Simultaneous world premiere October 12, 2002 Munich and Trier
  • Pinocchio - orchestral story by Henrik Albrecht based on the novel by Carlo Collodi (text editing: Robert Schoen , SWR 2005; speakers: Wolfgang Völz , Jens Wawrczeck , Joachim Kaps - SWR Rundfunkorchester Kaiserslautern, conductor: Andreas Hempel)
  • Pinocchio, una storia parallela - “Drammaturgia” by Lucia Ronchetti for four male voices, world premiere in Berlin 2005
  • Pinocchio - Musical by Claus Martin (world premiere at the Coesfeld open-air theater in 2007)
  • The Adventures of Pinocchio ( The Adventures of Pinocchio ) - Opera in two acts by Jonathan Dove - 2008
  • Pinocchio - children - melodrama (orchestral fairy tale) for speaker, children's rhythm group ad lib. and large orchestra. Text by Herbert Feuerstein , music by Martin Bärenz . World premiere 2009: Deutsche Staatsphilharmonie, Herbert Feuerstein (speaker), Lancelot Fuhry (conductor). Sikorski-Musikverlag, Hamburg.
  • Pinocchio based on Carlo Collodi by Thomas Birkmeier with new dialogues and lyrics by Henry Mason and music by Katrin Weber. Youth Theater / Renaissance Theater Vienna, May / June 2010
  • Pinocchio's Adventure for three actors, woodwind quintet and piano. Music and libretto by Lior Navok based on Carlo Collodi (world premiere: Frankfurt Oper, September 2010).
  • Pinocchio - children's ballet by Jaroslaw Jurasz based on Carlo Collodi, music by Irineos Triandafillou (world premiere: Nordharzer Städtebundtheater , Halberstadt , November 2011).
  • Les aventures de Pinocchio - “Comédie instrumentale” for soprano en travesti and instrumental soloists by Lucia Ronchetti , world premiere in Rouen 2017
  • Pinocchio - Opera by Philippe Boesmans - World premiere Aix-en-Provence 2017
  • Pinocchio - lies have long noses - variety musical by Bijan Azadian. World premiere Wintergarten-Variete Berlin 2019.
  • Pinocchio - opera by Gloria Bruni , in German and Italian, worldwide performances (Naples, London, Hamburg, Minsk) with orchestra, choir and 6 soloists, world premiere Laeiszhalle Hamburg 2008

Plays

Further use

At the end of October 2012, the UCI World Cycling Federation presented Pinocchio as the mascot of the 2013 World Cycling Championships in Florence (Collodi's hometown). It is unclear whether the UCI only refers to the local reference and popularity, or also to the Pinocchio peculiarity of getting a longer nose when lying. In the past few years, cycling has been rocked by a series of doping scandals . In particular, Lance Armstrong , who the UCI had stripped of his seven victories at the Tour de France a week earlier , made global headlines.

Trivia

Colossal Pinocchio figure in the Pinocchio Park Collodi

In the village of Collodi , in Tuscany between Lucca and Pistoia , the municipality established a Pinocchio Park ("Parco di Pinocchio"), in which a tour leads to the stations of Pinocchio's history. The stations were realized and reproduced with the help of artists.

The Pinocchio sundae is a popular ice cream variant in many ice cream parlors . The characteristic nose is symbolized by a wafer roll.

Primary literature

  • Carlo Collodi, Paula Goldschmidt (translation), Thorsten Tenberken (illustrations): Pinocchio . Dressler Verlag, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7915-3567-6
  • Carlo Collodi, Kristina Franke (adaptation), Kestutis Kasparavicius (illustrations): Pinocchio - Coppenrath's children's classics . Coppenrath, Münster 2005, ISBN 3-8157-3920-9
  • Carlo Collodi, Roberto Innocenti (illustrations): Pinocchio . Sauerländer near Patmos, Düsseldorf 2005, ISBN 978-3-7941-6054-9
  • Carlo Collodi, Mario Grasso (translation, illustrations): The adventures of Pinocchio . Lappan Verlag, Oldenburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8303-1150-8
  • Carlo Collodi, (Illustrations by Carlo Chiostri): Pinocchio . Anaconda Verlag, Cologne, 2011, ISBN 978-3-86647-695-0

Secondary literature

  • Dieter Richter : Carlo Collodi and his Pinocchio. A well-traveled wooden boy and his Tuscan history . Wagenbach, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-8031-2495-6
  • Gerrit Confurius: The Pinocchio Effect. The attachment of the self in an upside-down world . Special number, Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-85449-317-4
  • Ingrid Ramm-Bonwitt: Pinocchio - nosy, funny, world famous . Puppen & Masken, Frankfurt 2011, ISBN 978-3-935011-76-1

Web links

Commons : Pinocchio  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Le avventure di Pinocchio  - The original Italian text

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sitta Kleinschmidt: Dulldei and Maika - A fairy tale from the twilight forest with illustrations by Gaby Schüch; Vienna 1951
  2. ↑ Werner Habicht, Wolf-Dieter Lange: The literature Brockhaus . Volume A-Ft. FA Brockhaus, Mannheim 1988, p. 420.
  3. ↑ Baden online, May 31, 2013
  4. ↑ Pinocchio. In: Gloria Bruni. February 1, 2008, accessed June 6, 2020 (German).
  5. ↑ Gloria Bruni: PINOCCHIO - Opera by Gloria Bruni. In: https://gloriabruni.it/wp-content/uploads/Gloria-Bruni-Pinocchio-Oper-Recitals.pdf . June 6, 2020, accessed June 6, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Pinocchio becomes mascot for the Road World Championships. Spiegel Online , October 29, 2012, accessed October 30, 2012 .