List of Creole Languages

This article collects a list of Creole languages ​​broken down according to the origin of the vocabulary. There is also a list of pidgin languages .

Extinct languages ​​are marked with a (†). Controversial entries in their classification as a creole language are marked with a (*).

Remarks

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The classification according to the origin of the vocabulary is quite problematic in many languages, since the vocabulary can change quickly due to language expansion. In addition, many Creole languages ​​have a very mixed vocabulary by nature. Languages ​​in which one language did not form the predominant part of the vocabulary in their entire development can be found under Creole languages ​​with a heterogeneous vocabulary.

Sometimes called Michif (French Cree ; the language of the Métis in North America) is not a Creole language.

There are linguists who believe that Angola and Mozambique are also developing new Creole languages.

Creole languages ​​with English- based vocabulary

• Antiguan Creole ( Antigua & Barbuda )
• Bahamas Creole English ( Bahamas )
• Barbadian Creole (also Bajan or Bajan Patois) ( Barbados )
• Belize Kriol English ( Belize )
• Bislama ( official language in Vanuatu )
• Gullah (southern USA )
• Hawaiian Creole English ( Hawaii )
• Jamaican Creole (Patois) ( Central America )
• Kamtok ( Cameroon )
• Krio ( the lingua franca in Sierra Leone )
  • Aku ( Gambia )
  • Fernando Po Creole language
• Kriol ( Northern Territory , Australia)
• Kru English ( Liberia )
• Ngatikesi language ( Federated States of Micronesia )
• Pijin ( Solomon Islands )
• Pitcairn-English (official language of the Pitcairn Islands and the Norfolk Island , here called Norfuk)
• Singlish ( Singapore )
• Tobagonian Creole ( Trinidad & Tobago )
• Tok Pisin (official language in Papua New Guinea ; transitional state from a pidgin to a creole language)
• Torres Creole ( Torres Strait , Australia )
• Trinidadian Creole ( Trinidad & Tobago )
• Turks and Caicos Islands Creole (also Turks and Caicos Creole English) ( Turks and Caicos Islands )
• Virgin Islands Creole English

Creole languages ​​with French- based vocabulary

• Antilles Creole
• Bourbonnais Creole Languages:
  • Agalega Creole
  • Morisyen ( Mauritius Creole)
  • Réunion Creole - heavily decreolized
  • Rodriguais ( Rodrigues Creole)
  • Seychelles Creole (official language of the Seychelles )
  • Chagos Creole
• French Guiana Creole (*) ( French Guiana )
• French Creole ( Indochina )
• Haitian ( Haiti )
• Lanc-Patuá ( Brazil - Amapá )
• Louisiana Creole
• Tayo ( New Caledonia )

Creole languages ​​with Portuguese -based vocabulary

• Annobonesian language (slang in Annobón )
• Guinea-Bissau Creole ( Guinea-Bissau )
• Cape Verde Creole ( Cape Verde )
  • Barlovento Creole (São Vicente, São Nicolau, Sal, Boavista, Santo Antão)
  • Sotavento Creole (Santiago ( Badiu ), Maio, Fogo, Brava)
• Creole languages ​​of Sao Tome and Principe
  • Angolar (recognized minority language in São Tomé and Príncipe )
  • Principal language - Bantu languages ( São Tomé and Príncipe )
  • Saotomese language - Bantu languages ​​and Kwa languages (São Tomé and Príncipe)
• Portuguese-American Creole languages ​​(Caribbean, Suriname ; Brazil : língua geral )
• Portuguese-Asian Creole Languages ( India , Malaysia , Macaista in Macau )

Creole languages ​​with Spanish -based vocabulary

• Chabacano ( Philippines )
• Palenquero ( Colombia )
• Papiamento ( ABC Islands )

Creole languages ​​with Dutch- based vocabulary

• Berbice Dutch Creole (†) ( Guyana )
• Negro Holland (†) ( Caribbean )

Creole languages ​​with German- based vocabulary

• Unserdeutsch (almost †) ( Papua New Guinea )

• Lagerszpracha (*) (a special language used in concentration camps )

Creole languages ​​with Danish- based vocabulary

• Creole Danish (until 1917 †) ( Danish West Indies )

Creole languages ​​with Arabic- based vocabulary

• Nubi (Uganda)
• Juba Arabic (South Sudan)

Creole languages ​​with Afrikaans -based vocabulary

• Oorlams (Creole language, possibly even to be regarded as an Afrikaans dialect)
• Tsotsitaal (Creole language in Gauteng and elsewhere in South Africa, sociolect spoken by men with vocabulary from Zulu, English, Xhosa etc.)

Creole languages ​​with Kikongo -based vocabulary

• Kituba (official language in the Republic of the Congo , other official status in the Democratic Republic of the Congo )

Creole languages ​​with Ngbandi -based vocabulary

• Sangho ( national language in the Central African Republic , disputed whether it is really a Creole language)

Creole languages ​​with Swahili- based vocabulary

• Kutchi-Swahili (Cutchi-Swahili)
• Settla (Settler Swahili)

Creole languages ​​with Malay- based vocabulary

• Ambonese Malay
• Betawi
• Malay, Banda
• Malay, Bacanese
• Malaccan Creole Malay
• Cocos Islands Malay
• Gorap
• Malay, North Moluccan
• Malay, Baba
• Malay, Macassar
• Malay, Balinese
• Malay, Kupang
• Malay, Sabah
• Indonesian, Peranakan
• Papuan Malay
• Sri Lankan Creole Malay
• Manado Malay

Creole languages ​​with heterogeneous vocabulary

• Afroseminolic Creole (USA and Mexico)
• Aukaans ( Suriname )
• Hawaiian Creole English ( Hawaii )
• Papiamentu ( Netherlands Antilles )
• Saramaccaans (Suriname)
• Sranan Tongo (Suriname)

Web links

• Ethnologue.com: List of Creole Languages ​​(English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ What is "Tayo"? Frogleap: What is "Tayo"?