Skalná
| Skalná | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Karlovarský kraj | ||||
| District : | Cheb | ||||
| Area : | 2343.7381 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 10 ' N , 12 ° 22' E | ||||
| Height: | 465 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1999 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 351 34 | ||||
| License plate : | K (old CH) | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Tršnice – Luby | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 5 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Mgr. Rita Skalová (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Sportovní 9 351 34 Skalná |
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| Municipality number: | 554812 | ||||
| Website : | www.skalna.cz | ||||
| The location of Skalná in the Cheb district | |||||
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Skalná (until 1950 Vildštejn , German Wildstein ) is a town in Karlovarský kraj in the Czech Republic .
geography
Geographical location
Skalná is located six kilometers north of Františkovy Lázně in the Bohemian Vogtland near the German border. The location is on the southwestern edge of the Elster Mountains and is traversed by the Sázek ( Soosbach ). The Kamenné vrchy nature park begins north of the city, and the Soos moorland, which is a protected nature reserve, lies to the southeast near Vonšov and Kateřina .
Neighboring towns are Vojtanov in the west, Velký Luh and Křižovatka in the northeast, Nová Ves in the east, and Vonšov and Starý Rybník in the south.
Community structure
The municipality of Skalná consists of the following districts:
- Kateřina ( Katharinadorf )
- Skalná ( Wildstein )
- Starý Rybník ( old pond )
- Vonšov ( Fonsau ) and
- Zelená ( green ).
Basic settlement units are:
- Hájek ( Soos )
- Kateřina
- Skalná
- Starý Rybník
- Suchá ( Dürr )
- Velký Rybník ( large pond ) and
- Vonšov.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts
- Skalná
- Starý Rybník
- Suchá u Skalné
- Velký Rybník u Skalné and
- Vonšov.
Neighboring places
| Bad Brambach | Plesná (Fleißen) | Velký Luh (Großloh) |
| Vojtanov (Voitersreuth) |
.svg)
|
Křižovatka (Klinghart) |
| Františkovy Lázně (Franzensbad) | Třebeň (Trebendorf) |
history
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The origin of today's city is Wildstein Castle , which has been documented since 1166 . The place Wildstein was first mentioned in 1224 in connection with a purchase in which the abbot Erhard acquired the tithe from Gerold von Wildstein for the Waldsassen monastery . In 1225 Albert Notthracht von Wildstein was named as the owner. At the end of the 13th century, Johannes Rabe acquired the property on Mechelgrün. In the following years the noble families Ramsperg, Schlick , Wirsperg , Trautenberg , Helmfeld and Wolkenstein were lords of Wildstein.
In addition to embroidery and knitting, as well as violin making, the main line of business was clay mining. In the 19th century Wildstein became the seat of the Wildstein judicial district ; The seat of the court was the castle. Two clay and fireclay factories were built in Wildstein. In 1865 the place was raised to a market town. With the construction of the Tirschnitz – Wildstein – Schönbach local railway , Wildstein received a railway connection in 1900. In 1905 Emperor Franz Joseph I raised Wildstein to the rank of town.
After the First World War , Wildstein was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia in 1919 . Due to the Munich Agreement , the place came to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the district of Eger , administrative district of Eger , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland until 1945 .
In 1930 Wildstein, including the district of Grün, had 2,255 inhabitants, mostly German Bohemia , who were expropriated after the Second World War in 1945 in the course of the expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia and forced to leave the place.
In 1950 the town was renamed from Vildštejn to Skalná. The district of Velký Rybník ( large pond ) on the border was demolished during this time.
Population development
Until 1945 Wildstein was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1847 | 2525 | in 254 houses |
| 1869 | 2300 | |
| 1880 | 2147 | |
| 1890 | 2068 | |
| 1900 | 2231 | German residents |
| 1910 | 2442 | |
| 1921 | 2255 | including 2201 Germans |
| 1930 | 3,573 | |
| 1939 | 2,452 |
| year | 1950 | 1961 1 | 1970 1 | 1980 1 | 1991 1 | 2001 1 | 2011 1 |
| Residents | 1322 | 2043 | 1839 | 1708 | 1563 | 1670 | 1836 |
Parish partnership
A partnership between Skalná and the Neusorg municipality in Germany has existed since June 1, 1991 .
Culture and sights
- Wildstein Castle, which dates from the 12th century, has been open to the public since 2001, as well as a restaurant, (small) castle museum and fire department museum.
- The cemetery chapel is dedicated to St. Sebastian and was built in the 14th century.
- Castle ruins and chateau (ruin) Altenteich (Starý Rybník)
economy
The most important company is Kemat Skalná, sro, which has belonged to the Lasselsberger Group since 1999 and which mines the glass sand deposits east of the city.
- Ceramics industry
In the area around Wildstein (today Skalná) clay and sand have been mined since the 18th century. The factory for ceramic raw materials KEMAT ( Keramické Materiály Skalná ), founded in 1991, is today part of the Austrian Lasselsberger Group and operated with the Kateřina industrial railway, one of the last Czech field railways in the ceramics industry. There were narrow gauge locomotives of the series BN30, BN30R, DNH-I-7-35 and DH30S used. The route led from the Nová Ves mine via the workshop and interim storage facility in Kateřina to processing in Vonšov and Nový Drahov . Parts of the route are operated today (2019) as a museum railway.
Personalities
- Sigmund von Birken (1626–1681), German poet
- Martin Rössler (1898–1974), graphic artist and picture carver
- Ferdinand Schleicher (playwright) , concertmaster and playwright
- Ferdinand Schleicher (1900–1957), architect and university professor
- Franz Starauschek (1873–1904), Egerland dialect poet
- Franz Grüllmayer , Egerland song writer and musician
- Mathias Heinicke (1873–1956), master violin maker
- Adam Kraft (publisher) (1898–1976), painter, graphic artist and publisher
- Josef Zeidler (* 1906 in Wildenstein) as a teacher in Asch and woodcarvers, as a German, training expellees popular freelance artist works, father of Ulf Zeidler (born March 5, 1936 in Aschowitz at Marienbad), u. a. Leading employee of the federal government for nature conservation in Hammelburg-Diebach
- Václav Jiřík (* 1944), historian and author
- Pavel Nedvěd (* 1972), Czech football player
literature
- Vinzenz Uhl: Castles and palaces of the Ore Mountains and Egertal. Kaaden, 1935.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/554812/Skalna
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/554812/Obec-Skalna
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/554812/Obec-Skalna
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/554812/Obec-Skalna
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 15: Elbogner Kreis , Prague 1847, p. 353.
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 20, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 631.
- ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. City and district of Eger. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ [ Narrow Gauge Railways in the Czech Republic. The KEMAT Skalna light railway. ] Film recordings by J. Kaddatz and J. Kánsky 2000-2011, UAP video from March 1, 2012.