St. Johannes Nepomuk (Göllheim)
 St. John Nepomuk |
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| Basic data | |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| place | Göllheim, Germany |
| diocese | Diocese of Speyer |
| Patronage | Johannes Nepomuk (May 16) Exaltation of the Cross (September 14) |
| Building history | |
| architect | Wilhelm Schulte I. |
| construction time | 1909-1911 |
| Building description | |
| inauguration | May 3, 1911 |
| Architectural style | Neo-Gothic |
| Furnishing style | High altar, side altars, pulpit, celebration altar, ambo, stations of the cross, figures of apostles, baptismal font, crucifixion group, Johannes Nepomuk, figure of Mary |
| Construction type | three-aisled hall church |
| Function and title | |
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Main church of the parish of St. Philip the Hermit |
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| 49 ° 35 '43.3 " N , 8 ° 3' 8.3" E | |
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Johannes Nepomuk in the northern Palatinate community of Göllheim , sometimes called the North Palatinate Cathedral because of its size and exposed location , is a three-aisled hall church in the neo-Gothic style . The day of consecration of the church is May 3, 1911 (by Bishop Michael von Faulhaber ). The first patronage is St. John Nepomuk (May 16), the second Holy Cross (September 14).
By the end of the liturgical year 2014/2015 the place seat was a separate parish, with surrounding branch municipalities , and formed with the neighboring parishes Ottersheim and Weitersweiler a parish community . With the beginning of the church year 2015/2016 on the 1st Advent 2015, all three parishes mentioned were merged into the new parish of St. Philip the Hermit . The church in Göllheim serves as the main church. The parish belongs to the Donnersberg deanery in the Speyer diocese .
Previous buildings
A church in Göllheim is mentioned for the first time in a deed of transfer from the year 1247 from Count Eberhard von Eberstein and his wife Adelheid to the Rosenthal monastery.
St. Martin
The first structurally tangible church on site is what is now the Protestant church in the old town center. About the original appearance of St. Martin, there is no reliable information apart from a floor plan. Only the tower from the 14th century remains of this building. However, the appearance and construction (former crenellated crown and low pointed helmet) suggest that it was a fortified church . On the south side, above the pointed arch window on the ground floor, there is a coat of arms rose , which symbolizes the relationship between the church and the Rosenthal monastery . The three-aisled nave was demolished in the middle of the 18th century and replaced in 1765 by a rectangular hall building. In addition to the St. Martin consecrated, main altar there were two side altars in the church; one for St. Nicholas and one for St. Laurentius. In 1396 another altar with several titles, namely Holy Cross, St. John the Baptist and St. Catherine was donated.
Holy cross
The second church was built at the beginning of the 19th century after repeated tensions with the Protestant community over the Simultaneum. It was located halfway up Steigstrasse, directly behind the abandoned Kirchheimer Tor - the stones of which were used for the construction of the small church - and approx. 50 m in front of today's church. Construction began in August 1810; It was consecrated as the Holy Cross Church on September 14, 1817 by Bishop Colmar . Only a few decades later, the subsequent installation of a tower and the poor building ground caused massive damage to the new church, the removal of which would have been so costly that it was decided in 1888 to build a new church. After its completion in 1911, a large part of the inventory of the old church was sold or given to neighboring churches and the church itself was demolished in the following years. Its location is still marked today by a lawn surrounded by the foundation walls on Steigstrasse. The foundation stone is on the outer wall of the new church forecourt. A crucifixion group, the figure of St. Nepomuks, a painting of the crucifixion from 1826 and the late Gothic baptismal font have been preserved. Several figures of saints are privately owned. The high altar picture (Christ on the cross) as well as a painting of Mary ended up in the parish church of St. Oswald in Boßweiler .
Christ on the cross (main altarpiece), today in Boßweiler
Depiction of the crucifixion from 1826
Image of the Virgin Mary on the side altar, today in Boßweiler
Statue of St. Johannes Nepomuk
Crucifixion group from the old Holy Cross Church
Foundation stone of the Holy Cross Church with memorial plaque
building
The church was built between 1909 and 1911 according to plans by Wilhelm Schulte I (Senior, Neustadt / Weinstrasse) in the late Gothic style. Schultes quarry stone building is clearly divided into three parts: tower, nave and choir. The west-facing facade is dominated by a mighty central tower with six floors and a smaller, octagonal stair tower with a tracery gallery and onion domes. At the height of the sixth floor of the central tower there is a walkway with a perforated tracery balustrade . The nave is structured by five window axes and covered by a gable roof with a turret. In Eaves , a Sims moves the entire building, which is on the west facade to the optical division. The choir, slightly separated from the nave, is designed as a 7/10 end. There is a small chapel annex to the south between the nave and the choir and the sacristy to the north .
The main portal leads to the basement of the tower, which functions as an entrance room. The interior is a three-aisled hall church with a slightly raised choir. The organ gallery in the west is designed in the form of a Gothic rood screen. The ceiling is covered with a star vault.
During the Second World War , the church building was largely spared from destruction, although several high-explosive bombs fell in the immediate vicinity. Only the windows, which represented the eight Beatitudes as people, are in the attack on the night of 14./15. Destroyed February 1941. Today's choir windows date from 1965 and are the work of Günther Zeuner / Speyer.
The external dimensions are 45 meters in length and 18 meters in width, the tower reaches a height of 46 meters.
inside view
Furnishing
Inside, almost all of the original furnishings from the time it was built have been preserved.
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High altar
In the predella of the high altar or Christmas altar are the representations of the four doctors of the church : Augustine , Gregory the Great , Ambrosius and Hieronymus ; on the second level the nativity of Christ and the adoration of the kings and as the crowning above the tabernacle Christ, as the good shepherd , with Peter on his right hand and John Nepomuk on his left. The cafeteria shows the sacrificial scene with King Melkizedek .
Left side altar
On the left side altar, the Holy Family is the theme of the holy walk . The three people in the center represent Mary , the baby Jesus and Joseph . The Holy Spirit hovers over them in the form of a dove. The group is flanked by the portrayal of Joachim on the left and Saint Anne on the right, Mary's parents.
Right side altar
The right side altar is also called the Altar of Sorrows or Passion. In the middle is a Pietà , above which two mourning angels hover. The tabernacle door is decorated with an Ecce Homo . The two side figures represent Isaiah on the left with the slogan "He had no beautiful and noble figure ..." (Isaiah 52.2) and on the right Jeremiah with the inscription "... see whether a pain is like my pain ..." (Jeremiah 1:12) Christ lies in the grave under the altar plinth (canteen) .
pulpit
The pulpit is surrounded by reliefs with the mysteries of Jesus : Easter , Ascension , Pentecost and the handing over of the keys to Peter . Five small figures placed between the individual representations are John the Baptist and the four Evangelists .
Celebration altar and ambo
The celebration altar and the ambo were not built until after the council and the liturgical changes in 1974. The old communion bench was used for both, which was dismantled, dismantled and reassembled. This recycling of historical substance counteracted the destruction of artistic work; The celebration altar and ambo fit harmoniously into the church. The four figures of the celebration altar, all Old Testament representatives of the idea of sacrifice, are Solomon, Melkizedek, Moses and Elijah.
Altars, pulpit and confessional are works by H. Bong, Cologne.
Way of the Cross and Figures of the Apostles
After the First World War , the Stations of the Cross by the sculptor August Schädler / Munich were donated in the ship and the figures of Peter and Paul by the artist Anton Leims / Horb on the pillars of the choir. In the open book, which Peter is holding in his left hand, can be read: “… in the war year 1918, at the end of the terrible war of 1914–1918. God grant us peace. "
Baptismal font
The late Gothic baptismal font , which was formerly set up in the neighboring candlestick home in the Peterskapelle , was added to the predecessor of today's church, the Holy Cross Church, in 1826. This was given up because of dilapidation and removed after 1911. The font was taken over in the new building.
“The baptismal font, created around 1500 in a workshop in Worms , has an octagonal basin over an octagonal base with grooved steps and is decorated with a fish bubble tracery, one dedicated to St. Peter in half-figure relief and four lion feet decorated. Further baptismal fonts from this workshop were in [...] the churches of Albisheim, Ottersheim, and Rüssingen, as well as the Protestant church of Göllheim (today: Historical Museum of the Palatinate in Speyer ). "
The baptismal font follows the fish-bladder tracery type widespread in the diocese of Worms. Fonts of the same type are located in St. Peter in Bubenheim and in the Protestant church in Grünstadt . A special feature of the Göllheimer piece is that it is the only representative of the tracery type to have a relief.
Crucifixion group, Johannes Nepomuk and figure of Mary
There is a crucifixion group in the vestibule on the first floor of the tower. The figures come from the former high altar of the previous church Heilig-Kreuz. The figure of St. Nepomuk also came from the old Holy Cross Church . It was formerly the center of the Nepomuk altar and is now in a niche in the choir. The figure of Mary in the north aisle is from more recent times, it was purchased in the early 1970s. The rose in the hand of the baby Jesus alludes to the fact that it belonged to the Rosenthal monastery in the Middle Ages .
organ
The organ was installed by the Steinmeyer company in 1921 and has largely been preserved. The instrument has 18 registers , which are divided into two manuals and pedal . The work with pneumatic pocket drawers is one of the first instruments of the organ movement , which, after the organ romanticism, was based again on the baroque soundscape.
History of the parish
From the Middle Ages to secularization in the 16th century.
The first documentary mentions date from the 13th century. In 1247 transferred Count Eberhard II von Eberstein. And his wife Adelheid founded by them in 1241 Cistercian - Kloster Rosenthal right of patronage and tithes of Göllheimer parish church. This church was probably a separate church . Difficulties arose from this donation because Göllheim belonged to the Archdiocese of Mainz (Archdeaconate of Sankt Viktor), but the newly founded Rosenthal Monastery was added to the Diocese of Worms . This was not always tension-free connection between Göllheim and the Rosenthal Abbey until secularization in the 16th century. Several documents from the 15th and 16th centuries show that there were always disputes about the maintenance and furnishing of the building.
After the Counts of Nassau, who as Lords of Stauf had also been patrons of Rosenthal Monastery since 1385, converted to the Lutheran creed with the Reformation, the Catholic community was dissolved in 1556/1572, and the buildings fell to the Protestants.
From the 17th to the 20th century
It was not until more than 100 years later, with the Peace of Rijswijk , that a Catholic parish was set up again in 1686 and received simultaneous rights in the Protestant Church . The seat of the rebuilt parish was originally Eisenberg , but the harassment and distress from the local population and the Nassau-Weilburg government must have been so great that the fourth pastor Martialis Utershagen moved his seat to Göllheim at the end of the 17th century. The strictly regulated and, as elsewhere, not tension-free Simultaneum dragged on until the beginning of the 19th century. The entire Stauf estate was looked after from Göllheim, namely the localities: Breunigweiler , Dreisen , Eisenberg, Elbisheimerhof , Kerzenheim , Ramsen , Rosenthal , Rüssingen (since 1707/1708; previously at Kirchheimbolanden ), Sippersfeld and Stauf , as well as the Kerzweilerhof farms, Klauserhof, Kleehof , Pfrimmerhof , Ripperterhof ; as well as the mills and hammer mills in the Eistal belonging to Eisenberg , which belonged to the new parish.
In 1802, the parish of Göllheim, which had belonged to the diocese of Worms again since the restoration in 1686, was assigned to the diocese of Mainz , which was redesigned by Napoleon , and was also cantonal parish. After the occupation of the Palatinate by French revolutionary troops (1794) and its annexation to the French state , Göllheim was elevated to a cantonal place ( chef-lieu ) in 1798 ; it was the administrative center for the surrounding area. The canton of Göllheim comprised seven mairies with 17 political communities. Even after the Congress of Vienna (1815) and the cession of the Palatinate to the Kingdom of Bavaria , Göllheim remained as a center for the surrounding communities. The branches Eisenberg, Kleehof, Ramsen and Ripperterhof came in 1808 to the parish of Hettenleidelheim , Sippersfeld to the parish of Börrstadt .
Recurring tensions about the use of the simultaneous church allowed the plan to build a separate Catholic church in today's Steigstrasse, opposite the old parsonage from 1776 (new building 1876 to 1878), to mature. At the Congress of Vienna the dioceses of Germany were reorganized; so in the same year the diocese of Speyer was created, to which Göllheim was assigned in 1821. Only a few decades later, massive structural damage occurred to the new church, which would have been so costly to repair that it was decided in 1888 to build a new church. In the city archive of Speyer to architectural drawings have received from this period. At that time, Franz Schöberl already made a floor plan and several views of a church in the neo-Gothic style for Göllheim. For financial reasons in the community, the time until the start of the new building dragged on for over 20 years and Schöberl's plans were not implemented. At the beginning of the 20th century, enough funds were finally available and planning was resumed. The first sketches now show a neo-Romanesque church made of yellow sandstone, but in the further course of the planning, the current architect Wilhelm Schulte I. decided, like Schöberl already 20 years earlier, for a neo-Gothic design.
The groundbreaking ceremony took place on April 2, 1909, the foundation stone was laid on July 13, 1909. On May 3, 1911, the new church was consecrated by Bishop von Faulhaber in the name of Heilig Kreuz and St. Johannes Nepomuk .
The Corpus Christi procession was attacked by fanatical National Socialists in 1933 and had to be broken off. On the evening of June 23, 1933, around 9:30 p.m., figures - partly masked - gathered in front of the rectory and began to bombard it with heavy stones. Almost all the window panes were broken. Then numerous sharp shots were fired; later at least 30 bullets were counted. They tried to break the front door and finally blew it open with a detonation. It came to the parsonage storm, in which pastor Jakob Schwalb was abducted using force. He was also mistreated while in detention and died a few months later. Today he is regarded as a confessor against National Socialism. In his last place of residence in Dahn , a so-called “ stumbling block ” was set because of the Göllheim events in 2009 .
Historical panorama of Göllheim around 1911, with the old Hl. Kreuz Church next to the newly built Nepomuk Church, in the background the Donnersberg
The parish today
By the end of the 2014/2015 church year, the parish, which had its headquarters in Göllheim, had its branches Dreisen (prayer hall and chapel), Lautersheim (branch church St. Joseph), since January 2007 belonging to Göllheim and Rüssingen (branch church St. Martin) and the parish of Weitersweiler (St. Bartholomew's parish church), which was no longer occupied in 1984 due to a lack of priests, a parish community .
The parish community of St. Johannes Nepomuk Göllheim - St. Bartholomäus Weitersweiler and St. Amandus Ottersheim - St. Philipp der Einsiedler Zell was established on September 1, 2013 . As part of the structural reform in the Diocese of Speyer, which was completed at the end of 2015, a merger with the neighboring parish community Ottersheim, consisting of Ottersheim, Stetten and Zell, was carried out into a single parish.
With the beginning of the Advent season 2015, all the individual parishes in the new parish of St. Philip the Hermit, with Philipp von Zell as the regional patron, merged. The administrative seat, like the main church, is in Göllheim.
literature
- S. Altmayer; M. Ries: 1686–1986 300 years of the Catholic parish in Göllheim after its re-establishment , 1986
- H. Ammerich: “Basic features of the history of the Catholic parish Göllheim” in: “Göllheim - Contributor to local history II”, Scherer, K. (Ed.), 2009
- M. Hoffmann: Die Verbandsgemeinde Göllheim - A cultural and historical travel guide , Göllheim 1997
Web links
- Profile of the parish , on the website of the Diocese of Speyer
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Parish Letter for Advent 2015, Göllheim November 29, 2015
- ↑ Adolph Köllner: History of the rule Kirchheim-Boland and Stauf , Wiesbaden, 1854. (digitized; online )
- ^ A b M. Hoffmann: Die Verbandsgemeinde Göllheim - A cultural and historical travel guide, Göllheim 1997
- ↑ Otto Böcher : The development of the Löwentaufstein in the Hessian and Rhenish Franconian Gothic , in: Der Wormsgau , Volume 5, Worms 1961/62, pp. 31-84
- ↑ Bernhard H. Bonkhoff: Historical organs in the Palatinate . Schnell & Steiner, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-7954-0368-5 , pp. 272 .
- ↑ Michael Münch: "On the history of Göllheim in the Middle Ages" in: "Göllheim - Contributors to local history I", Scherer, K. (Ed.), 2006
- ↑ S. Altmayer; M. Ries: 1686–1986 300 years of the Catholic parish in Göllheim after its re-establishment
- ^ Note in the baptismal register of Göllheim at the end of 1707
- ↑ Parish memorial book
- ^ Karl Blum: Before and after Reformation parish communities Hettenleidelheim - Eisenberg - Wattenheim - Neuleiningen, no place, no year.
- ^ Franz Schöberl estate in the Speyer city archive in the German Digital Library
- ↑ Website on the stumbling block for Pastor Schwalb
- ↑ http://www.bistum-speyer.de/fileadmin/user_upload/1-0-0/Zentralstelle_und_Leitung/Downloads/OVB/2006/OVB_2006_08.pdf
- ^ Parish letter for the 100th anniversary of the parish church of St. Johannes Nepomuk Göllheim May 3, 1911–3. May 2011