St. Ulrich (Aich)

Exterior view of the parish church of St. Ulrich from the south

The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Ulrich in Aich , a district of the municipality of Bodenkirchen in the Lower Bavarian district of Landshut , is a late Gothic church building from the second half of the 15th century. It was later converted to Baroque style and today contains neo-Gothic furnishings. The patron saint of the church is St. Ulrich von Augsburg (Remembrance Day: July 4th).

history

In the year 976 AD loco Eich and dicitur Duizinpah were mentioned in a document of the Saint Peter monastery in Salzburg . Possibly this is today's Aich and the nearby (Ober- / Unter-) Tinsbach near Johannesbrunn (municipality of Schalkham ). If this is the case, it would be by far the earliest mention of the village in the Bina valley . 1219 for the first time with Ulrich von Aich a priest called locally, also the church in Bodenkirchen. In 1270 the parish of Aich was founded; the former branch district had been separated from the "mother parish" Binabiburg . Aich was directly subordinate to the Regensburg bishop , who also exercised the right of presentation through the pastor's office.

In 1302 a pastor from Aich is named for the first time. In 1326 the parish appears in the oldest parish register of the Diocese of Regensburg . At that time Aich was part of the dean's office in Dingolfing and Loiching . In the Regensburg diocesan register of 1438, in addition to pastor and parish vicar , two auxiliary priests were named in Aich .

The original parish church of Aich is likely to have been located around the fork in the road towards Binabiburg and Treidlkofen. The aristocratic seat of Altenaich, today Niederaich, was located there. Around 1460, the noble family Reickher then started on a new road between Landshut and Burghausen seat New Aich. A little later, probably in the last third of the 15th century, today's parish church with a side chapel was built. A painted stone relief , which can be found on the north side of the gallery , indicates that the new construction of the parish church was donated by the noble Wolfgang von Reickher. In 1472 Adam von Reickher and his wife Barbara donated the altar of Our Lady in the side chapel, including an early Mass beneficiary with its own priest.

In 1602, the master mason Jeronimus Dennolph from Velden undertook major structural repairs. At the end of the 17th century, the interior of the church was gradually changed to Baroque style. For example, a baroque high altar was erected in 1670 , which in the following year 1671 received its altar sheet on the death of St. Ulrich, painted by Franz Raimund Scherrich from Landshut . Around 1740, the Vilsbiburg master carpenter Franz Winkler put today's baroque dome on the church tower. In 1763 the wall between the nave and the side chapel was broken through with three pointed arched openings. Before that, the so-called women's chapel, which also served as the burial place of the Reickher family, had no connection to the nave. In the 1870s, the equipment was reorganized. All four altars that are in the church to this day date from this time. Major church renovations were carried out in 1898 and 1980/84.

In 1723 the parish of Aich belonged to a diocese description of 1,487 souls. At that time there were four altars in the parish church which were consecrated to St. Ulrich (high altar), St. Anna , St. John the Baptist and the Blessed Virgin Mary . At that time, the parish of Aich also included the villages of Bonbruck, Bodenkirchen and Margarethen. In 1721 that was Expositur Bodenkirchen founded the store Margarethen, but which was only elevated in 1921 to the parish. Bonbruck was raised to the position of Expositur in 1935 and to the parish curate in 1947 . Since December 8, 2001 Bonbruck has been its own parish.

architecture

The late Gothic building from the last third of the 15th century is a hall church with a side aisle built to the north . The nave and aisle are united under a common gable roof and each comprise three yokes ; the choir comprises two yokes and an end in three sides of the octagon. The latter is just as wide as the main nave. The exterior is structured by double buttresses and a simple roof frieze. The window openings are ogival. The protruding west tower has three floors, the two upper floors being divided by pointed arches, and a baroque hood from around 1740. It stands in the central axis of the main nave. The two-storey sacristy was added to the south of the choir during the Baroque period . On the north side of the church building, in the corner between the choir and aisle, you will find the All Souls Chapel , which is now used as a morgue for the surrounding cemetery . The interior of the church is accessed via two portals , which are arranged in the rear yoke on the north (side aisle) and south (main nave).

The west gallery, which spans the entire rear yoke of the main nave, was added later, probably around the turn of the 15th to the 16th century as an oratory for the Reickher family. It is arched with three bays and rests on two octagonal red marble pillars with the coat of arms of the Reickher family. On the gallery parapet there are neo-Gothic flat-bed carvings; Baroque carvings can be found on the back, but they were turned on the back during the regotization. The late Gothic vault ribs in the two naves, in the choir and under the gallery were chipped off in the Baroque period, whereby the pillars and the partly semicircular, partly octagonal console approaches are still present. So today the image of a barrel vault with stitch caps and pointed shield arches emerges . The former network -like rib configuration is now highlighted in color again. The vault height is the same in the main nave and choir, but significantly lower in the side aisle. The diaphragm arches between the main and side aisle are executed ogival and have a getrepptes garb .

The inside of the church is around 28 meters long, of which around 16 meters are accounted for by the nave and 12 meters by the choir. The inner width of the main nave and choir is around 8.50 meters; that of the north aisle 4.50 meters.

Furnishing

Altars

The altars are all made in the neo-Gothic style and were created in the 1870s by various artisans. The high altar was made in 1871 by the local sculptor Michael Mayer based on a design by Paul Weiß from Landshut. Next to the tabernacle with the exposure niche above, four figures are arranged in further niches. These represent (from left to right): the evangelist John , the "princes of the apostles" Peter and Paul and John the Baptist. The altar in the side aisle, erected in 1874, is dedicated to the Holy Family . In 1877 the two neo-Gothic choir arch altars were added - on the left the Marian altar with a crowned crescent moon Madonna with baby Jesus and on the right the Sacred Heart Altar. The side altars were also made by the Ergoldingen sculptor Johann Wittmann based on a design by Paul Weiß.

pulpit

The same applies to the neo-Gothic pulpit from 1877. It consists of the pulpit cage decorated with tracery, a rear wall with the same design and a sound cover with a small relief with a dove of the Holy Spirit on top and a figure of the Good Shepherd on top .

Baptismal font

The late Gothic baptismal font dates back to around 1500, so it came into the church shortly after it was built. It is 0.84 meters high and made of red marble. It consists of a profiled, octagonal foot, which merges into an octagonal pillar, and an octagonal basin. Today it is placed to the left of the high altar.

Other equipment

The last baroque pieces of equipment that survived the regotisation are the former high altar painting and a representation of the Madonna in the protective cloak. The former altarpiece in oil on canvas is now attached to the north wall of the choir. It was created in 1671 by the Landshut painter Franz Raimund Scherrich and depicts the last holy communion shortly before the death of the patron saint Ulrich. Numerous putti already indicate his acceptance into heaven . A representation of the Madonna in the protective cloak from around 1700 can be seen above the north portal . The painting is in a frame with rich acanthus carving .

In 1871, glass paintings were purchased from the workshop of Joseph Peter Bockhorni in Munich . The window behind the high altar, which shows St. Ulrich with his attribute , the fish, is still preserved today .

organ

organ

The organ prospect in the parish church of St. Ulrich is designed in the Rococo style and, according to the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, is considered "one of the most beautiful (...) Lower Bavaria" (1988). It comes from an instrument made by the Landshut organ builder Johann Schweinacher , which comprised 13 stops on a manual and pedal . It was set up around 1760 in the Psallier choir of the Landshut Dominican Church. The walnut inlay work was done by the famous Landshut sculptor Christian Jorhan the Elder. Ä. created.

After the secularization of the Dominican monastery in 1802, the organ first came to the Seligenthal monastery , where it was restored around 1812. In 1856 it was bought in the parish church of Aich. In 1884, the baroque organ was restored by Simon Westermaier from Landshut, before Ignaz Weise from Plattling built a new work with 10 stops on two manuals and a pedal in the historic case in 1931 . This was controlled by a pneumatic wind chest # cone chest and had a free-standing gaming table .

In 1993, Orgelbau Eisenbarth from Passau installed a new organ in the historic case. The fully mechanical slider chest instrument now comprises 23 registers on two manuals and a pedal. The disposition of the main work and pedal is aligned with the Schweinacher organ. The purely mechanical control of the pipes also corresponds to the model of baroque organ building.

literature

• Georg Schwarz, Wolfgang Mandl, Gerhard Stadlbauer: The upper Bina valley between the rivers Vils and Rott . Published by the cath. Pfarramt Bonbruck, 1994. pp. 14-17.

Web links

Commons : St. Ulrich (Aich)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Internet presence of the parish community Binabiburg / Frauensattling, Aich and Treidlkofen

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} Peter Käser: History of Aich . Online at www.bodenkirchen.com; Retrieved December 27, 2016 (PDF; 913 kB)
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Schwarz, Mandl, Stadlbauer; Pp. 14-17.
3. ^ Anton Eckardt: The art monuments of Bavaria - district office Vilsbiburg. 1921.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Organ database Bavaria online

Coordinates: 48 ° 25 ′ 27.7 "  N , 12 ° 24 ′ 33.7"  E