Classical district of Neuwied

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The district of Neuwied was a district in the administrative district of Koblenz that belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia on the basis of the resolutions passed at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and existed between 1816 and 1848 and in which the princes of Wied were granted civil rights by the Prussian state . The noble district of Neuwied comprised most of today's district of Neuwied . In the entire Kingdom of Prussia there were 16 territories, in the administrative district of Koblenz, in addition to the Neuwied district, only the Braunfels district had civil status.

history

Starting position 1803

The area of ​​the later civil district Neuwied comprised parts of the following former territorial lords :

  • From the Principality of Wied-Neuwied, the city of Neuwied and the Heddesdorf department consisting of the parishes Altwied, Anhausen, Feldkirchen, Heddesdorf, Honnefeld, Niederbieber, Oberbieber and Rengsdorf. The ruling prince was Johann August Karl zu Wied-Neuwied (1779–1836).
  • From the Principality of Wied-Runkel, the Dierdorf department with the parishes of Dierdorf, Brückrachdorf (excluding the village of Brückrachdorf), Niederwambach, Oberdreis, Puderbach, Raubach and Urbach. The ruling prince was Karl Ludwig Friedrich Alexander zu Wied-Runkel (1763-1824), he resided in Dierdorf. After the death of Prince Karl Ludwig (1824) his cousin Johann August inherited Karl zu Wied-Neuwied, he united Wied-Neuwied and Wied-Runkel to the "Principality of Wied".
  • The county of Niederisenburg, consisting of the Isenburg truce and the Maischeid parish. The County of Niederisenburg had been a condominium since 1664 and in 1803 was under the joint sovereignty and administration of Prince zu Wied-Runkel and Count von Walderdorff (Count Franz Philipp von Walderdorff (1740-1828)). Walderdorff renounced his rights in 1811, Niederisenburg became part of the Dierdorf office.
  • From the Electorate of Cologne the Altenwied office with the parishes of Asbach, Neustadt (Wied), Windhagen and the Neuerburg office with the Waldbreitbach parish. These two previously electoral Cologne offices were awarded to Prince zu Wied-Runkel in 1803 on the basis of the Reichsdeputation Hauptschluss.
  • The village of Irlich from the Electorate of Trier. This was disputed between the Electorate and Wied since the 17th century; In 1822 it was awarded to the Prince of Wied-Neuwied.

The whole area was in 1806 due to the Act of Confederation, the Duchy of Nassau .

Under Prussia in 1815

Due to the agreements concluded at the Congress of Vienna , the area came to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815 . In a royal decree of June 21, 1815, Friedrich Wilhelm III confirmed . to the high nobility within Prussia all those privileges which the formerly imperial families had been protected by Article XIV of the German Federal Act . Before 1803, the princes zu Wied-Neuwied and zu Wied-Runkel were counted among the imperial families. After negotiations with the gentlemen, another royal decree was issued on May 30, 1820, in which the 16 noble families within the Prussian state and their territories were described. The Prince of Wied-Neuwied was awarded the "Lower County of Wied" with the exception of the Grenzhausen office , the Prince of Wied-Runkel the "Upper County of Wied" with the exception of the Office of Runkel ; as well as the previous (until 1803) Electoral Cologne offices of Altenwied and Neuerburg . The two princely-wied authorities (Wied-Neuwied and Wied-Runkel) for the communities belonging to the respective class rule were responsible for judicial, police, church, school and local affairs, the royal Prussian district administrator was only subordinate to the sovereign, Military and tax matters. In two ordinances of November 3, 1826 and August 9, 1827, the civil rights of government and responsibilities were specified in more detail.

In 1846, Prince Wilhelm Hermann Karl started negotiations with the king to cede government rights. The reasons for this were too high costs and at the same time too low income. In 1848 Prussia approved this waiver. The administrative business was now completely transferred to the district administrator, the princely government was dissolved on October 31, 1848.

The Fürstlich Wiedische Bergamt, which was connected with the rulership and held the "mountain sovereignty, mountain jurisdiction and mountain regality rights " in the region, was only returned to Prussia on January 1, 1866.

District of Wied

The registrar's district of Neuwied was initially divided into ten, later nine mayor's offices :

Mayorry until 1803 1803 to 1806 today
Altenwied Kurköln , Altenwied Office Principality of Wied-Runkel existed only until 1823, the associated communities were assigned to the mayor's offices of Asbach and Neustadt
Anhausen Principality of Wied-Neuwied Principality of Wied-Neuwied all communities belonging to the Verbandsgemeinde Rengsdorf , excluding Kurtscheid and Melsbach
Asbach Kurköln , Altenwied Office Principality of Wied-Runkel Local communities Asbach , Buchholz (Westerwald) , Windhagen
Dierdorf Principality of Wied-Runkel and Niederisenburg
condominium 		Principality of Wied-Runkel City of Dierdorf as well as the other local communities of the Verbandsgemeinde Dierdorf , excluding Marienhausen
Heddesdorf Principality of Wied-Neuwied Principality of Wied-Neuwied Heddesdorf , today's Neuwied districts of Altwied , Feldkirchen ( Irlich , previously Kurtrier , not until 1822) Niederbieber , Oberbieber , Rodenbach and Segendorf as well as the local communities of Datzeroth and Melsbach
Neuerburg Kurköln , Neuerburg Office Principality of Wied-Runkel all of the communities belonging to the Waldbreitbach community (excluding Datzeroth ) and the Kurtscheid community
Neustadt-Wied Kurköln , Altenwied Office Principality of Wied-Runkel Local communities Neustadt (Wied) and Vettelschoss as well as part of St. Katharinen ( Lorscheid )
Neuwied Principality of Wied-Neuwied Principality of Wied-Neuwied today's inner city of Neuwied without Heddesdorf
Niederwambach Principality of Wied-Runkel Principality of Wied-Runkel Local communities Dürrholz , Hanroth , Niederwambach , Oberdreis , Ratzert , Rodenbach near Puderbach , Steimel and Woldert
Puderbach Principality of Wied-Runkel Principality of Wied-Runkel Local communities Dernbach , Döttesfeld , Harschbach , Linkenbach , Niederhofen , Puderbach , Raubach , Urbach

In 1822, the dissolved Linz district was incorporated with the mayorships of Linz , Leutesdorf and Unkel and the Engers mayor's office was taken over from the Coblenz district into the Neuwied district. The communities belonging to these four mayor's offices did not belong to the district. For this reason, a distinction was made in the Neuwied district between the mayor's offices of the rank and file or princely and royal.

Personal details

Noblemen

Civil administration

The "civil authority of the Princely Wied government" in Neuwied was staffed as follows (status 1826):

  • Director: Government Director Becker
  • Justice Department:
    Head: Government Councilor Pasch, as well as another Government Councilor and a Government Assessor
  • Department for police and municipal
    affairs : Head: Government councilor Pasch, as well as another government councilor, a chief forester and a medical councilor
  • Department for church and school affairs:
    Head of Church Council Mess and Government Council Pasch as legal advisor
  • Subaltern officials : a government secretary, a registrar and three registrars

Judicial authorities

Five stately legal offices were set up (as of 1820; WN = Wied-Neuwied, WR = Wied-Runkel):

  • Princely City School Neuwied, Government Councilor Hachenberg (WN)
  • Princely Justice Office Heddesdorf , Judiciary Helfrich (WN)
  • Princely Justice Office Dierdorf , Councilor Cramer (WR)
  • Princely Justice Office Altenwied zu Asbach , District Councilor Mengelberg (WR)
  • Princely Justice Office Neuerburg zu Niederbreitbach , Administrator Reinhard (WR)

District administrators

The royal Prussian district administrators were:

Princely Wied government

The government rights to which Prince zu Wied are entitled were described in the "New Rhenish Conversations-Lexicon" from 1836, with reference to two ordinances of November 3, 1826 and August 9, 1827, as follows (spelling partially adapted):

“The exercise of the government rights to which the Prince zu Wied is entitled is assigned to a“ collegially established authority ”under the name“ Fürstlich Wied'sche Government ”within the scope of the professional area. The rent chamber and domain administration remains separate. The members of the government are public servants and are obliged to the sovereign and the class gentleman. The royal authority (district administrator) is responsible for exercising the royal rights of state sovereignty, the general state police, military authority, direct and indirect taxes and all other regalia , which can also use the subordinate authority. The ministries through the High President oversee that the laws and ordinances that the Prince and his government are entitled to implement are properly applied, and that he observes the legal barriers in exercising the rights granted. The employment of government officials depends on the prince, provided that they have legal qualifications, for which a certificate must be presented. The Princely Wiedische government forms three departments, namely for judicial, police and municipal, church and school affairs.

The justice department is responsible for all judicial matters in the princely wiedischen areas in resp. first and second instance. The appeal train from the government as the second instance goes to the Appellationshof zu Cologne as the third instance, which has the right of supervision. The Prince's authority is limited to influencing complaints about delayed, withdrawn or denied justice. If the government as the first instance recognizes in matters of divorce etc., the appeal goes to the Court of Appeal in Cologne as the second instance, and from the latter the upper appeal goes to the Court of Appeal in Berlin in the third instance . In all fiscal processes, with the exception of domain matters, which are to be brought before the princely courts, it is up to the tax authorities to prosecute them either with the royal judicial senate or with the princely judicial authority. In the case of executions of all fiscal differentials, the royal tax authorities retain the right to dispose of them through its administrative officials.

The authority of the princely government with regard to police administration includes the supervision of the local police authorities, the exercise of those police powers that are attached to the royal district administrators in the immediate areas of the country, and also the exercise of the trade police, the medical and health police, the forest and hunting police. The government also deals with the affairs of municipalities and institutes. Under the direction of the government in Koblenz , the royal district administrator in the princely area administers all sovereign rights that have not been assigned to the princely government just as they do in the other districts.

With regard to churches and charitable foundations, the sphere of activity of the princely government includes: the introduction of the pastors and clergy ordained by the royal consitstorium and appointed by the prince, the supervision of the official and moral leadership of the clergy, the granting of leave for them, investigation and suspension from the service, the maintenance of the external church discipline and order, the direction and supervision of churches, benevolent and pious foundations and institutes and their funds, the supervision and administration of all external church affairs, the police supervision of all literary institutes and societies etc. in relation to the schools and other educational institutions are part of their department: the supervision and administration of the entire elementary school system, the private schools and educational institutions, the filling of school teaching posts by princely patronage, the confirmation of all school principals elected by private patrons and communities, the Au good discipline among teachers, etc.

The prince is entitled to the full extent of his rights and within their limits, but in compliance with the state laws, independently and in his own name to issue ordinances and orders. "

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Official Journal of the Prussian Government in Coblenz - year 1816, p. 64.
  2. ↑ a b Friedrich Eduard Keller: The Prussian State: A Handbook of Fatherland Studies, Volume 1. August Volkening, 1864, p. 441 ff.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Nassauische Annalen: Yearbook of the Association for Nassau Antiquity and Historical Research, Volumes 9-10, 1868, p. 204 ff.
  4. ^ Christian Daniel Vogel : Description of the Duchy of Nassau. W. Beyerle, 1843, p. 389.
  5. ^ A b New Rheinisches Conversations-Lexicon: or encyclopedic concise dictionary for educated estates, Volume 12, Comptoir für Kunst und Literatour, 1836, p. 475 (published by a society of Rhineland scholars - with the permission of a Royal Prussian censorship authority).
  6. ↑ Official Journal of the Prussian Government in Koblenz - year 1866, p. 66.
  7. ↑ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of geography and statistics according to the latest views for the educated classes, high schools and schools , Volume 2, JC Hinrichs, 1819, p. 297.
  8. ^ Friedrich Adolf Beck: Description of the city of Neuwied. 1828, p. 10.
  9. ↑ Address book for the Coblenz administrative district, to the year 1826. Heriot, Koblenz 1826, p. 12.
  10. ^ Business calendar for the government district of Koblenz. Neue Schehrten-Buchhandlung, Koblenz 1820, p. 90.