Szeroki Bór

Szeroki Bór
	Szeroki Bór
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Warmia-Masuria
Powiat :	Pisz
Gmina :	Ruciane-Nida
Geographic location :	53 ° 37 '  N , 21 ° 39'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 37 '4 "  N , 21 ° 38' 40"  E
Residents :	40 (2011)
Postal code :	12-200
Telephone code :	(+48) 87
License plate :	NPI
Economy and Transport
Street :	Ruciane-Nida / DK 58 ↔ Wiartel - Wielki Las - Łacha
Rail route :	Olsztyn – Ełk railway line
Next international airport :	Danzig

Szeroki Bór ( German  Breitenheide ) is a village in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , which belongs to the Gmina Ruciane-Nida ( urban and rural community Rudczanny- , 1938 to 1945 Lower Lake - Nieden ) in the powiat Piski ( Johannisburg district ).

Geographical location

Szeroki Bór is located in the north of the Johannisburger Heide ( Polish Puszcza Piska ) in the south-east of the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship , eleven kilometers southwest of the district town of Pisz ( German  Johannisburg ).

history

The small village - later with a forestry office and forestry department - which was called Szerokibor around 1785 , and Breitenheyde after 1785 , was founded in 1700 as a casket settlement. If the place was on the west bank of the Jaschkower See ( Polish: Jezioro Jaśkowo Duże ), the forestry office was on its east bank.

The village ( rural community ) and forest ( manor district ) Breitenheide were incorporated into the newly established administrative district in 1874, from which Breitenheide was named. It belonged to 1945 the county Johannesburg in Administrative district Gumbinnen : (1905 Government district Allenstein of) Prussian province of East Prussia . The estate district Oberförsterei Breitenheide included the living spaces at the Breitenheide stop, Forsthaus Breitenheide, Forsthaus Jaschkowen , Forsthaus Pieczisko , Forsthaus Snopken and Oberförsterei Breitenheide (status: 1905).

In 1910 there were 231 residents registered in Breitenheide, of which 174 belonged to the village and 57 to the forest district.

Based on the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Breitenheide belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus Germany) or join Poland. In Breitenheide, 100 residents voted to stay with East Prussia, Poland did not cast any votes.

In 1929 the forest estate district was divided up among the surrounding rural communities and the rest was transferred to the Johannisburger Heide estate district, Johannisburg, Forst part. This was finally dissolved in 1931 and partially incorporated into the rural community of Breitenheide. In 1933 there were still 165 residents in the municipality and only 153 in 1939.

In 1945, as a result of the war, southern East Prussia came to Poland , including the village of Breitenheide. It received the Polish form of the name “Szeroki Bór”. Today the place is the seat of a Schulzenamt ( Polish Sołectwo ) and thus a place in the network of the urban and rural municipality Ruciane-Nida in the Powiat Piski , until 1998 the Suwałki Voivodeship , since then it belongs to the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship . The number of inhabitants was 40 in 2011.

District of Breitenheide (1874–1945)

→ Main article : District of Breitenheide

church

Breitenheide was parish up until 1945 in the Evangelical Church of Johannisburg in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union and in the Roman Catholic Church in Johannisburg in the then diocese of Warmia .

Today Szeroki Bór belongs to the Catholic parish in Wiartel ( (Groß) Wiartel ) or Ruciane-Nida (Rudczanny- , 1938 to 1945 Niedersee - Nieden) in the diocese of Ełk of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland . The Protestant residents stick to the parish in the district town of Pisz in the diocese of Masuria of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

Breitenheide Air Force Base

During the time of National Socialism , Breitenheide was one of the older military complexes of the Air Force, built in a wooded area between 1935 and 1937 and was considered an experimentation and construction center. Anti-aircraft weapons were developed here, as well as measures to protect walls (e.g. bunker ceilings). Breitenheide was part of a bunker system and new quarters, interconnected by corridors.

In the winter of 1940/41 the complex was rebuilt and served as the headquarters for the Air Force Command Staff. This is where the Göring Quarter was built with a wooden villa for the Reichsmarschall . Extra tracks were laid for his special train. Göring hardly stayed here, however, but still invited many foreign guests. Even Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini were here.

At the end of the Second World War , the Germans blew up the facilities. The Russians were not interested in further use. The bunker part of Breitenheide has been a restricted military area since 1950.

traffic

Szeroki Bór is located on a side road that connects the city of Ruciane-Nida via Wiartel and Wielki Las (Wielgilasz , 1905 to 1945 Tannenheim) with the municipality of Łacha , which is already in the Podlaskie Voivodeship . A connecting road also leads directly into town from Landesstraße 58 .

Since 1884 Breitenheide resp. Szeroki Bór a train station on the Olsztyn – Ełk railway line ( German  Allenstein – Lyck ). The station building is about two kilometers northeast of the village.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 1256
2. ↑ Dietrich Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Breitenheide
3. ↑ ^{a b} Breitenheide in family research Sczuka
4. ^ ^{A b} Rolf Jehke, Breitenheide district
5. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia. Based on materials from the census of December 1, 1905 and other official sources. Issue 1: Community encyclopedia for the province of East Prussia . Publishing house of the Royal Statistical Office, Berlin 1907, pp. 116/117.
6. ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, district Johannisburg
7. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 73
8. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District Johannisburg (Polish Pisz). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
9. ↑ Ministerial order of November 12, 1946 (MP z 1946 r. No. 142, poz. 262)
10. ↑ Szeroki Bór in Polska w liczbach
11. ^ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen 1968, p. 491
12. ↑ ^{a b} Szeroki Bór - Breitenheide at ostpreussen.net
13. ↑ Masurian attractions 2. Wolfsschanze ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.