Office de Radiodiffusion et Télévision du Niger

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Office de Radiodiffusion et Télévision du Niger

logo
legal form Establishment public à caractère industriel et commercial (EPIC)
founding February 11, 1967
Seat Niamey , Niger
management Loïc Crespin
Branch Broadcasting company
Website www.ortn.ne

The Office de Radiodiffusion et Télévision du Niger (ORTN) is Niger's state broadcaster .

ORTN operates the radio program Voix du Sahel and the television programs Télé Sahel and Tal TV . The company was founded in 1967 and is based in the capital Niamey . Until the market was liberalized in 1993, the ORTN held the broadcasting monopoly in the country.

Company structure and financing

ORTN General Directors
1978-1981 Marcel Inné
1981-1984 Moctar Diallo
1984-1985 Hama Amadou
1985-1986 Djibril Hima
1986-1987 Djibril Anounou
1987-1991 Abdou Souley
1991-1994 Adamou Mahamane
1994-1995 Boureima Magagi
1995-1996 Zoudi Issouf
1996-1997 Maitourare Abdou Saleye
1997-1999 Boureima Magagi
1999-2000 André Zodi
2000-2003 Hassane Saley
2003-2006 Mahamadou Adamou
2006-2010 Amadou Harouna Yayé
2010-2011 Idrissa Moumouni
since 2011 Loïc Crespin

The ORTN has the legal form of an établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial (EPIC). The company reports to the Ministry of Communications. The government can regulate general operations by ordinances. The broadcaster acts autonomously in financial matters. The ORTN is administered by a board of directors. The company is headed by a general manager to whom several directorates are subordinate. Loïc Crespin has been Director General of ORTN since July 26, 2011. The broadcaster employs more than 400 people. In 2000, 172 of the 410 employees were state employees, 260 were auxiliary staff, and more than 200 were external employees.

The ORTN's annual budget is an average of 1,216,000,000 CFA francs . The income is composed of 52% from government subsidies, 18% from broadcasting contributions and 30% from own income. The broadcasting fees are collected through the bills of all customers of the state electricity supplier NIGELEC . The ORTN generates its own income through television advertising and equipment rental, among other things . The state broadcasting corporation is considered to be chronically underfunded, which makes maintaining daily operations difficult and necessary investments often impossible. For example, in 1999 the budget deficit was 16%.

history

1950s

France maintained several radio programs in its overseas territories in the 1950s , which were operated by the Société de Radiodiffusion de la France d'Outre-Mer (SORAFOM). In the summer of 1958, SORAFOM set up a radio studio with a transmitter in Niamey, the capital of Niger. After a trial run in mid-September 1958, Radio Niger officially went on air on October 6, 1958. A Zarma story recorded in Ayérou and traditional music recorded by Jean Rouch could be heard .

The first director of Radio Niger was Pierre Noël. During the first few years, the station was managed by French emigrants. In view of the poorly developed transport infrastructure and the only rudimentary telephone network, radio played an important role in the communication between the state administration and the population.

1960s

Radio Niger's first regional studio opened in May 1960 in the city of Zinder . After Niger's declaration of independence on October 3, 1960, SORAFOM was converted into the Office de Coopération Radiophonique (OCORA), which, as a French public company, was subordinate to Radio France Internationale . In the 1960s were gradually nationwide converters in: built n'guigmi , Zinder, Mainé-Soroa , Gouré and Ingall , then Téra , Tillaberi and Gaya . The Republic of Niger began an internationally acclaimed television experiment in 1964 when it began producing French school television with financial support . School television initially reached around twenty schools in the cities of Niamey and Dosso . By the 1970s, the number of participating schools rose to 120.

In January 1967 the OCORA broadcast Niger Radio to the Nigerien state. This led to the establishment of the Office de Radiodiffusion et Télévision du Niger on February 11, 1967, which held the broadcasting monopoly in Niger. The first chairman of the ORTN Board of Directors was Boubou Hama , the President of the National Assembly . The ORTN continued to receive support from OCORA, as well as from foreign embassies and broadcasters such as the BBC , NHK , Kol Israel and Deutsche Welle .

1970s

In 1971 ORTN received budget aid from the French development aid fund to build a new radio broadcasting center in Niamey. Radio Niger was now able to broadcast on channel 1 in the east of the country in French , Zarma , Fulfulde and Tamascheq and on channel 2 in the west of the country in French, Hausa , Kanuri and Tubu .

The First Republic under President Hamani Diori ended on April 15, 1974 with a military coup. Seyni Kountché became the new head of state. Radio Niger was renamed Voix du Sahel ("Voice of the Sahel ") in 1974 . Every year new regional studios were built for Voix du Sahel in the urban centers: 1976 in Agadez , 1977 in Tahoua , 1978 in Maradi , 1979 in Dosso and 1980 in Diffa . Head of State Kountché renewed the structure of the company management and appointed Marcel Inné on November 6, 1978 as the first general director of the ORTN. Inné had previously directed school television from 1974.

School television was shut down in 1977 because of excessive costs. The ORTN continued to use its infrastructure to develop a television program for a mass audience. Abdoua Kanta was responsible for the conception and implementation . A test run in this regard that was successful was a broadcast from the 1978 World Cup in Argentina . On April 7, 1979, the television program Télé Sahel began its regular operation. The first editor-in-chief was Harouna Niandou . Maman Sambo Sidikou worked as ORTN television director until 1981 . Initially, it was only broadcast four days a week. Color television could initially only be received via the adapted school television systems in Niamey and Dosso. Other transmitters were located in the cities of Birni-N'Konni , Maradi, Zinder and Tahoua.

For the first time in 1979 theatrical performances of Hausa and Zarma were televised. This had been the norm on radio since 1962. The series L'heure du théâtre populaire (The Hour of Popular Theater), which was broadcast every Sunday, became one of the most watched on the ORTN. The broadcaster set up two in-house theater troupes early on, one in Niamey and one in Zinder. Hima Adamou and Hadjia Délou were among the most popular performers in the ORTN ensembles . Other theater troupes also became famous through regular television broadcasts, most notably the troupe of the Center Culturel Oumarou Ganda with Yazi Dogo and Oumarou Neïno .

1980s

Akoli Daouel , Voix du Sahel's program director , moved to the helm of Télé Sahel in 1981 . In the same year, five more transmitters for Télé Sahel went into operation in Diffa, Agadez, Arlit , Ingall and Gaya. At the end of 1982, 80% of the country was in the Télé Sahel reception area . The technical infrastructure for broadcast production was further improved. In the first half of the 1980s, Nigerien television produced its own documentaries and feature films in addition to extensive coverage of public events. Color television also became the general standard. Akoli Daouel left the company in 1985.

The later Prime Minister Hama Amadou was the director general of ORTN from 1984 to 1985 . A new main radio studio built with financial support from Germany , the Maison de la radio in Niamey, opened in 1984. In 1988 Télé Sahel switched to daily broadcasts. In the years that followed, Voix du Sahel's reception capabilities were also improved by installing new converters in Agadez, Bilma , Diffa, N'Guigmi, Tahoua, Tchintabaraden , Zinder, Dogondoutchi , Birni-N'Konni, Madaoua and Tessaoua .

1990s

The ORTN management was confronted with serious financing problems in the 1990s. State subsidies fell from around 850,000,000 CFA francs in 1991 and 1992 to 700,000,000 CFA francs in 1999. In-house TV productions were soon limited to reports of events that were easily produced. Partnerships with foreign broadcasters became more important, in terms of educational and entertainment programs, especially with Canal France International from France Télévisions , the French public television company.

The democracy movement in Niger, which achieved the country's transition to a multi-party system with the constitutional referendum of 1992 , also ended the ORTN's radio monopoly. Several private radio stations were founded, initially broadcasting only in Niamey and the surrounding area and soon across the country.

2000s and later

In April 2000 the broadcasting sector was completely liberalized, as a result of which several private television companies were established in Niger. The ORTN responded to this development with the creation of a second television program: Tal TV has been broadcasting since 2001. Since the Conseil de Presse (“Press Council”), the ORTN has sent two of its seven members since it was founded in March 2007. This self-regulatory institution of the Nigerien media has set itself the task of monitoring media ethical standards and is responsible for issuing press cards.

Radio and television programs

Voix you Sahel

ORTN's radio program was founded in 1958 as Radio Niger and has been called Voix du Sahel since 1974 . It can be received on 93.3 MHz FM and 9705 kHz SW . There are programs in the official French language and in the national languages ​​of Niger , which are devoted to current news, medical and religious topics, among other things. The daily program starts at 5:55 a.m. with the national anthem La Nigérienne and ends at midnight, only on Sundays at 11 p.m. Voix du Sahel works with international aid organizations such as UNICEF , which can address the population via the channel.

Télé Sahel

The ORTN television program Télé Sahel has existed since 1979 and goes back to school television that was first broadcast in 1964. A program department headed by an editor-in-chief is responsible for ensuring that programs are produced in the official language and in the national languages. There are separate offices for both areas. A separate information department is responsible for information broadcasts . You are also headed by an editor-in-chief. It consists of four offices: for information in French and in the national languages, each headed by a deputy editor-in-chief, and a sports office and a secretariat. Télé Sahel usually broadcasts daily from noon to around midnight, only on Saturdays and Sundays from 10 a.m.

Valley TV

The second ORTN television program Tal TV went on air for the first time in 2001. While Télé Sahel covers the area of ​​official information broadcasts, Tal TV focuses on education and entertainment. In Tal TV technology of the coming digital television used, the program is, however, received only in and around the capital Niamey to. The program is named after the desert valley .

Political influence

Despite its corporate form as a public company, the ORTN has been exposed to political influence since its inception. Governments always used the radio as a propaganda tool. In January 2013, the opposition leader, Seini Oumarou ( MNSD-Nassara ), filed an official complaint that the opposition parties were “systematically victims of discriminatory measures” with regard to reporting in the ORTN. Communication Minister Yahouza Sadissou ( RSD-Gaskiya ), who has been in office since August 2013, announced that he wanted to reform the ORTN.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Mr Inne Marcel. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  2. ↑ Mr. Moctar Diallo. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  3. ↑ a b Mr Hama Amadou. (No longer available online.) ORTN, May 19, 2011, archived from the original on September 28, 2013 ; Retrieved September 25, 2013 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ortn.ne
  4. ↑ Mr Djibril Hima. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  5. ↑ Mr Djibril Anounou. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  6. ↑ Mr. Abdou Souley. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  7. ↑ Mr. Adamou Mahamane. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  8. ^ A b Mr Boureima Magagi. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  9. ↑ Mr. Zoudi Issouf. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  10. ↑ Mr Abdou Maitourare Saleye. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  11. ↑ Mr. Andre Zodi. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  12. ↑ Mr. Hassane Saley. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  13. ↑ Mr. Mahamadou Adamou. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  14. ↑ Mr. Amadou Harouna Yaye. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  15. ↑ Mr. Idrissa Moumouni. ORTN, May 19, 2011, accessed on September 25, 2013 (French).
  16. ↑ a b Mr Loïc Crespin. (No longer available online.) ORTN, December 20, 2011, archived from the original on September 28, 2013 ; Retrieved September 25, 2013 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ortn.ne
  17. ^ A b La situation de la communication pour le développement au Niger (Etat des lieux). Tome 1. (PDF file; 461 kB) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003, pp. 17–18 , accessed on November 1, 2019 (French).
  18. ↑ a b c d Illia Djadi: Etude sur l'état de la liberté d'expression au Niger. Pas de democratie sans liberté d'expression et de presse . Ed .: Fatou Jagne-Senghore. Article 19, London 2007, ISBN 978-1-902598-96-3 , pp. 15–16 ( PDF file; 718 kB [accessed September 25, 2013]).
  19. ↑ a b c d e f La situation de la communication pour le développement au Niger (Etat des lieux). Tome 1. (PDF file; 461 kB) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003, pp. 26–27 , accessed on November 1, 2019 (French).
  20. ↑ a b c d Historique ORTN. ORTN, February 27, 2011, archived from the original on September 27, 2017 ; Retrieved September 25, 2013 (French).
  21. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Abdourahmane Idrissa, Samuel Decalo: Historical Dictionary of Niger . 4th edition. Scarecrow, Plymouth 2012, ISBN 978-0-8108-6094-0 , pp. 345 .
  22. ↑ a b c d e f La situation de la communication pour le développement au Niger (Etat des lieux). Tome 1. (PDF file; 461 kB) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003, pp. 31–32 , accessed on November 1, 2019 (French).
  23. ^ A b Abdourahmane Idrissa, Samuel Decalo: Historical Dictionary of Niger . 4th edition. Scarecrow, Plymouth 2012, ISBN 978-0-8108-6094-0 , pp. 461 .
  24. ^ André Salifou: Biographie politique de Hamani Diori. Premier President de la République du Niger . Éditions des Archives Contemporaines, Paris 2004, ISBN 2-914610-25-4 , pp. 332 .
  25. ^ Retrospectives du cinéma nigérien: Abdoua Kanta. In: PlaneteAfrique. September 5, 2008, accessed September 5, 2019 (French).
  26. ^ Biography de Harouna Niandou. In: Africultures. Retrieved January 5, 2014 (French).
  27. ↑ Matt Bewig: Ambassador from Niger: Who Is Maman S. Sidikou? In: AllGov.com. March 4, 2012, accessed November 29, 2015 .
  28. ↑ Chaibou Dan Inna: Le théâtre . In: Marie-Clotilde Jacquey (ed.): Littérature nigérienne (=  Notre librairie . No. 107 ). CLEF, Paris 1991, p. 67 .
  29. ^ A b Abdourahmane Idrissa, Samuel Decalo: Historical Dictionary of Niger . 4th edition. Scarecrow, Plymouth 2012, ISBN 978-0-8108-6094-0 , pp. 169-170 .
  30. ^ A b Abdourahmane Idrissa, Samuel Decalo: Historical Dictionary of Niger . 4th edition. Scarecrow, Plymouth 2012, ISBN 978-0-8108-6094-0 , pp. 321-322 .
  31. ↑ Grille de program Voix du Sahel. ORTN, February 27, 2011, accessed September 25, 2013 (French).
  32. ↑ Niger. Media and Telecoms Landscape Guide. (PDF file; 1.7 MB) (No longer available online.) In: Infoasaid. Internews, BBC Media Action, February 2012, pp. 33-34 , archived from the original on May 15, 2013 ; accessed on September 25, 2013 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / infoasaid.org
  33. ↑ Grille de program Télé Sahel. ORTN, February 27, 2011, accessed September 25, 2013 (French).
  34. ↑ Seidik Abba: La presse au Niger. Budget des lieux et perspectives . L'Harmattan, Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-296-08125-3 , pp. 91 .
  35. ↑ Le Chef de file de l'opposition écrit à l'ONC. In: tamtam.info. March 14, 2013, accessed September 25, 2013 (French).
  36. ↑ Bonn radio presenter becomes minister in Niger. In: The world. August 24, 2013. Retrieved September 25, 2013 .

Coordinates: 13 ° 32 ′ 15 ″  N , 2 ° 6 ′ 4 ″  E