Tylecodon
| Tylecodon | ||||||||||||
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Tylecodon paniculatus |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Tylecodon | ||||||||||||
| Toelken |
Tylecodon is a genus of plants from the family of thick leaf plants (Crassulaceae). The botanical name is an anagram of cotyledon , another genus of plants under which tylecodon species were previously classified.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The species of the genus Tylecodon are perennial , deciduous herbaceous plants or shrubs that usually have a caudiform base. Their growth form varies from dwarf geophytes to thick- stemmed , stocky trees that can reach heights of up to 2.5 meters. The mostly short, succulent shoots are ascending. Sometimes they are climbing, brittle or strong and rarely woody, but sometimes with persistent, woody, blunt humps ( phyllopodia ). The bark can be smooth or rough and peels off in strips or flakes. The spiral leaves , usually at the tip of the shoots, are flat or petal-round, with often furrowed topside. They dry up in early summer and then often fall off completely.
The roots are fibrous or succulent.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescence is a terminal thyrse , which consists of one to several monochasias , each having one to many flowers . The flowers are 5-fold, almost always radial symmetry (actinomorphic) and obdiplostemon . The much shorter sepals are more or less pressed against the tubular to funnel-shaped corolla . The petals are three quarters or more fused together. Their white, greenish, yellowish or mauve (rarely reddish) tips are expanded and later often bent back.
The stamens of the ten stamens are fused with the lower part of the corolla tube. The five carpels are free. The stylus is upright and has basal Nektarschüppchen .
The flowers of the species Tylecodon grandiflorus and Tylecodon paniculatus are pollinated by nectar birds , all other species by insects .
Fruits and seeds
The upright fruits are capsules that only tear at the tip. They contain very small, ellipsoidal and ribbed seeds that are spread by the wind.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Tylecodon is distributed in the winter rain areas of Namibia and South Africa. The main distribution areas are the Richtersveld and the Knersvlakte . The genus closely related to cotyledon and adromischus was established in 1978 by Hellmut Richard Tölken (* 1939). Tylecodon cacalioides is the type of plant of the genus.
According to Ernst Jacobus van Jaarsveld (* 1953) the genus Tylecodon includes the following species:
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literature
- E. van Jaarsveld: Tylecodon . In: Urs Eggli: Succulents Lexicon Volume 4. Crassulaceae (thick-leaf plants) . 2003, pp. 371-381 ISBN 3-8001-3998-7
Individual evidence
- ↑ RW Gesse: Tylecodon cacalioides and a long-proboscid horse-fly . In: Veld & Flora . Volume 87, No. 3, p. 127, 2001
- ↑ Bothalia. A Record of Contributions from the National Herbarium, Union of South Africa . Volume 12, No. 3, p. 378, Pretoria 1978
- ^ E. van Jaarsveld: Tylecodon . In: Urs Eggli: Succulents Lexicon Volume 4. Crassulaceae (thick-leaf plants) . 2003, pp. 371-381
- ^ E. van Jaarsveld, S. Hammer: Tylecodon bruynsii A new cliff-dwelling species . In: Cactus and Succulent Journal . Volume 81, number 5, 2009, pp. 235-239, DOI: 10.2985 / 015.081.0503
- ↑ In: Bradleya . Tylecodon celatus , a new cryptic succulent from Nuwerus, Namaqualand, Volume 35, 2017 pp. 173-178
- ↑ In: Bradleya . Tylecodon florentii , a new cliff dwelling species from the Kookrivier cliffs, Richtersveld (Northern Cape Province), South Africa Volume 34, 2016 pp. 237–240
- ^ E. van Jaarsveld, S. Hammer: Tylecodon opelii, a new obligatory quartz-gravel species from the Northern Knersvlakte (Western Cape, South Africa) . In: Cactus and Succulent Journal . Volume 83, number 4, 2011, pp. 140-145, DOI: 10.2985 / 0007-9367-83.4.140
- ↑ In: Aloe ; Journal of the South African Aloe and Succulent Society, Volume 45, Number 2, 2008, p. 31 (-33; figs. 1-6). Pretoria
