Varde
| Varde | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Denmark
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| Region : | Syddanmark | ||||
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Municipality (since 2007) : |
Varde | ||||
| Coordinates : | 55 ° 37 ′ N , 8 ° 29 ′ E | ||||
| Founded: | around 1100 | ||||
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Population : (2020) |
14,022 | ||||
| Area : | 251 km² | ||||
| Population density : | 56 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Postal code : | 6800 Varde | ||||
| Sister cities : |
 Salo |
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Varde is a small Danish town in southwest Jutland and the administrative seat of the municipality of Varde , Region Syddanmark .
It is located in the south-western part of Jutland , about 15 kilometers north of Esbjerg . The city has 14,022 inhabitants (2020), is the capital of the municipality of Varde and, like the rest of the southern part of Jutland, belongs to the Syddanmark region (southern Denmark).
The city of Varde lies by the river Varde, the city center is characterized by old buildings. Varde is a holiday and tourism town in summer due to the short distance to the North Sea . The exact age of Varde is not known, but Varde is first mentioned in written sources in 1107.
From the beginning, the city name Varde appears in two versions: Warwath and Warwick. The prefix “War-” is to be understood in both versions as “grassland”, “beach” or as another uncultivated area. The two suffixes “wath” and “wik” stand for the terms “ ford ” and “ bay ”. The explanation for the divergent city names is that the city was viewed from the land or the water. Like many other older towns in Denmark, Varde is in an area where the landscape is conducive to settlement or other human activity. The city therefore arose near a river with a point of contact for ships or boats, at a point where the traffic going from north to south found a ford or crossing point, which was later spanned by a bridge.
history
The passage grave of Mejls , one of the few surviving large stone graves in this region , shows that the region was already inhabited in the Bronze Age .
As early as the Middle Ages, Varde was somewhat protected by a sufficient distance from the coast and by the vicinity of the royal castle (Vardehus), where the administrative center was located. There a kind of royal bailiff, the so-called "Bryde", ruled all of Varde Syssel, an area the size of the former office of Ribe . Varde was equipped with two churches in the Middle Ages. In the Viking Age there was a Viking camp near the later St. Jabobi School.
City / municipality 1442
The trading town seal of Varde is Denmark's oldest town coat of arms. It depicts a blue shield with a walking golden leopard with a red tongue. However, it looks more like a lion. Trade and handicrafts shaped the city early on, accordingly King Christoph III confessed . in August 1442 Varde granted the first town privileges. This banned the land trade, the so-called "Landprang". At the same time, the city's merchants received an exclusive right to do business in the city. The royal privilege letter from 1442 is only survived in a copy from 1648.
Royal castles by the Varde river
Written sources from the 11th century mention the "Bryden" in Varde several times. In his capacity as a local representative of the king, this high-ranking representative must have taken up residence in the local royal seat, the Vardehus. The oldest castle in Varde was west of the city, right next to the Varde river.
Around 1300, however, the castle was moved to a small Werder near the river near the southern part of the city. As a result of an uprising in 1439, the castle, Vardehus II, was stormed and destroyed by insurgent peasants. In the same year the Reichsrat replied and Varde was burned down. Minor excavations have been carried out at both places of the castle and a number of finds have been made which are kept in the Varde Museum.
The Skallingen peninsula was created in 1634 during a storm surge, the Burchardi flood .
The central square in downtown Varde
On the main square of Varde are the St. Jacobi Church from the 11th century, the Sillasen house from 1797, the old town hall from 1872 and the Schultzke Hof. Around 1900 there was a cattle market on this central square and later a bus station. It is currently used for market days and public events and was given a new surface in 2003. The landscape architect Charlotte Horn was inspired by the Varde river and the Varde mussels with the characteristic black pearl for the redesign. In front of the old town hall of Varde is a basin with water and a large, round, black stone that symbolizes the pearl of Varde. From there, a reduced section of the Varde runs across the square.
Second World War
Large parts of the natural areas near the coast are military training areas, but they can be visited when the red signal flag is not hoisted. There are three barracks in the municipality of Varde , namely in Varde, Oksbøl and Nymindegab. Nymindegablejren was built by the German Wehrmacht in 1941 as an anti-aircraft artillery school . The barracks should look like a small town from the air so that they would not be shot at. Immediately next to the barracks stretched the Atlantic Wall , which stretched from the North Cape in Norway to the Pyrenees near the Spanish border. That is why there are many uncovered bunkers along the coast , which serve as permanent memorials of the Second World War . Among these you can find z. B. the Tirpitzstillingen (Battery Bird's Nest), which was supposed to protect the sea route to the port in Esbjerg , but was never completed.
Since the west coast of Jutland had been mined by the Wehrmacht, the coast had to be cleared of mines after the Second World War. The evacuation along the western coast of Denmark was problematized in 2015 in the Danish film "Undet Sandet" (Unter dem Sand - The Promise of Freedom), which describes the conditions of the German soldiers who cleared the mines after the Second World War. After the Second World War, more German soldiers died clearing the mines than before during the invasion and occupation of Denmark from 1940 to 1945. The last minefield in Denmark was on Skallingen. The last mines were only cleared in 2012.
The German refugee cemetery holds the graves of 1675 German refugees and 121 soldiers who fled at the end of the war.
Municipality of Varde
The current municipality / municipality of Varde was created in 2007 as a result of the “municipal reform”, which merged the previous municipality with the municipalities of Blaabjerg , Blåvands Huk , Helle and Ølgod . With an area of 1240.1 km², it has since become the fifth largest municipality in Denmark. The seat of the new town hall of the municipality is at Bytoften 2 in Varde. It was inaugurated in the summer of 2015.
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Varde is the capital of the municipality of Varde and, with just over 14,000 inhabitants, is the largest town in the municipality, followed by Ølgod and Oksbøl with 3853 and 2852 inhabitants respectively. All in all, the municipality of Varde has 50,122 permanent residents.
geography
Varde stretches from Ansager in the east to Blåvands Huk on the North Sea in the west, from Skallingen in the south to Nymindegab / Ølgod in the north. The municipality with its extensive area harbors a number of landscape types.
In the municipality of Varde meet National Park Vadehavet , who in June 2014 along with tidal flats in Germany and the Netherlands , for UNESCO was raised -World Heritage and Nature Park Vesterhavet each other, which extends over an area of 22,500 hectares between blåvandshuk and Nymindegab spreads. The parks along the coast of Varde offer numerous landscapes, including above all dune landscapes , heather , dune plantations, i.e. protective forests, coastal lakes and large mudflats. Where the national park and nature park meet is Denmark's most westerly point, which is dominated by the lighthouse in Blåvand and which was once supposed to guide ships around Horns Rev , where the sandbanks stretch far into the sea.
Sights in the surrounding area
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The Museum of Varde City and Surroundings acts as an umbrella organization for the museums in the municipality of Varde. Among these are the Varde Museum, the Tirpitzstillingen (Battery Bird's Nest), the Nymindegab Museum, the Danish Amber Museum , etc.
The Tirpitzstillingen (Battery Bird's Nest) has been rebuilt since 2015 and, when completed, will offer exhibitions about the Atlantic Wall, life on the west coast and an amber collection next to the bunker.
The mini-town of Varde in Arnbjergpark is a scaled-down version of the town of Varde from 1866 in a 1:10 scale, which was created with the help of twelve volunteers, so-called mini-masons, whose work on the miniature houses can be seen from May to October.
Tambour's garden is a garden with many rare plants.
Blåvands Huk (The Blåvand Lighthouse), Denmark's most westerly point, with a view of the Horns Rev. windmills.
The wide beaches of Blåvand, Vejers Strand and Henne Strand attract many tourists.
Filsø Lake was the second largest lake in Denmark until it was drained for agricultural purposes in the mid-18th century. In 2010 the area was acquired by the Nature Foundation of Aage V. Jensen - Filsø Avlsgods with the aim of restoring the lake. In 2012, water was again discharged into the former lake.
The Varde Summer Games are arranged by the 7-Edged Amateur Theater , with a new theatrical performance every year for a month.
Vadehavet National Park ( Wadden Sea National Park ) UNESCO World Heritage - an extensive mudflat area from Varde in the north to the German border in the south.
Vesterhavet Nature Park - 22,500 hectare nature park between Blåvands Huk and Nymindegab
Skallingen - The peninsula was created in 1634 during a storm surge , the Burchardi flood . Skallingen contained the last minefield in Denmark for a long time, the last mines were only cleared in 2012.
The passage grave of Mejls - One of the few remaining large stone graves in this area.
Art and architectural style
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Otto William Frello (1924–2015), local artist with a permanent exhibition in the Varde Museum. Frello was known for his surreal yet very realistic and detailed style.
Laurits Tuxen is known as one of the Skagen painters , but he visited Nymindegab as early as 1879, where he helped found the Nymindegabmalerne painter's colony. The artists rented rooms at Nymindegab's inn during the summer months, where they painted sketches which they completed after returning to Copenhagen . Some of Laurits Tuxen's works are exhibited in the Nymindegab Museum.
The West Jutland Art Museum (the Janus building) in Tistrup, between Varde and Ølgod, with a collection of around 2000 works, primarily with modern art and changing exhibitions.
Varde Classicism - as Varde has burned down several times in its history, many of the buildings in the city center are from the latter part of the 17th century or the beginning of the 18th century, including the Kampmannske Hof and the House of Sillasen in the central square of Varde. Classicism pretended to plaster the walls, but this did not happen in Varde, as shortly before classicism it was possible to mass- produce red bricks . Instead, many details have been highlighted. The result was red walls and red tile roofs with many details in white.
Business
Varde's businesses can be divided into five sectors, four of which are above the national average according to “Contour 2014”. Among these are food, furniture, clothing, tourism, and construction.
Among the big companies in the municipality are: Nobia , which manufactures the kitchen brands HTH and Invita among others and employs almost 2,000 people in Denmark. BoConcept , furniture and accessories, the Danish production of BoConcept is based in Ølgod. Fibervisions is a global leader when it comes to “bicomponent fibers” which are used in a myriad of products such as fiberboard and tea bags. Then there is Titan Europe, a producer of wind turbine masts , subcontractor of Titan Wind Energy.
Varde is one of the largest tourist communities in Denmark and therefore has several large tourism companies that shape the coastal region of Varde. Among these companies are Hvidbjerg Strand Feriepark (Blåvand Badeland), which ranked 42nd on the list of the most visited attractions in Denmark in 2013. Varde focuses on the one hand on nature, but also on the history of trade. Therefore the previous motto “Varde - City of Commerce” is increasingly in competition with the motto “We in nature”. During the holiday season, tourists mainly visit the coastal towns of Blåvand ( Oksby ), Henne Strand and Vejers Strand .
To the east of the holiday home, coastal and exercise areas of Varde, the municipality is largely an agricultural area.
As a result of the business development of the “Naturen til bords” project, an interest group called “Sydvestjyske Smagsoplevelser” (Taste Experiences Southwest Jutland) has been formed to continue and promote the project after the publication of the cookbook “Naturen til bords” . Varde Ådal Lam (lamb), Mr. Skov in Blåvand (delicatessen and restaurant), Henne Kirkeby Kro (prominent inn / restaurant), NaturKulturVarde and many others.
army
The Danish army has three barracks in the municipality of Varde, in Varde, Oksbøl and Nymindegab. As a result of an agreement from 2013, the “Hærens Sergeantskole” was relocated from Sønderborg to Varde, which means that the “Hærens Sergeantskole, Hærens Efterretningscenter and Hærens Kamp- og Ildstøttecenter” can be found in Varde.
tourism
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The long beaches, which stretch from Skallingen in the south to Nymindegab in the north, and the characteristic appearance of the area attracted mostly artists / painters in the coastal region of Varde at the beginning of the 18th century, who found their inspiration in the landscape and founded tourism . When ordinary workers got the right to two weeks vacation in the 1920s, workers moved to the western coast of Denmark. It accelerated the construction of holiday homes and made the holiday home industry of Varde what it is today. Henne Mølleå Badehotel was designed in 1935 by Poul Henningsen as a culturally radical refuge / refuge and built in 1936. Varde is the largest coastal tourism municipality in Denmark. In particular, many tourists are drawn to the coastal destinations of the North Sea / Vesterhavet such as B. Blåvand in the south via Vejers Strand and Henne Strand to Nymindegab in the north of the municipality. By far the largest part of tourism in the municipality of Varde is devoted to holiday home rental, where guests from Germany in particular are a large customer group. There has been an increase in Danish and Norwegian visitors who choose the west coast of Denmark as their holiday destination.
Transport and infrastructure
automobile
Most of the traffic goes via primary route 11, which goes from Tønder via Varde and further along the west coast of Jutland to Aalborg . Primary route 11 crosses the E20 (the Esbjerg motorway) at Korskro, from where it goes 10 km north to Varde.
railroad
The train station in Varde is on the Vestjyske Længdebane (West Jutian Longitudinal Railway), which connects Esbjerg with Struer , in the southern section between Esbjerg and Skjern . In Varde, the full-gauge private railway Varde – Nørre Nebel branches off from this DSB line to Nørre Nebel , which opens up Oksbøl and other places near the North Sea coast for public transport.
bicycle
The North Sea Cycle Route does not touch the town of Varde, but leads from Oksbøl ( Esbjerg municipality ) through the coastal towns of Vejers ( Oksby Sogn), Kærgård and Lønne, which are part of the municipality of Varde .
In recent years the network of cycle paths in the municipality of Varde has been expanded considerably, with great help from local landowners, and it has been possible to build around 20 km of cycle path from Varde town to Nørre Nebel and about 10 km from Varde town to Næsbjerg. In addition, there were already around 25 km of cycle paths from Varde town to Blåvand and almost 20 km of cycle paths between Varde town and Esbjerg. - Among other things, this was awarded in 2014 by the Cyklistforbundet, which chose Varde as “Bicycle Community of the Year 2014”, a prize that goes every year to a community that prioritizes individual transport by cyclists and has a multi-year strategy in this area.
hike
Hikers can use the “North Sea hiking trail” through the municipality and the “kyst til kyst-stien” - freely translated “coast to coast hiking trail”. It goes 130 km across Jutland from Blåvand to Vejle. There are also several shorter hiking trails on the west coast.
Sports
- Speedway is of above-average importance in Varde.
There are also opportunities for cycling and mountain biking, beach sports, fishing, golfing and hunting, as well as parachuting in the countryside.
Festivals and annual events in Varde
- Varde Open Air
- Summer theater / summer games in Varde
- Day of the Forest, Stream / Stream, Lake and Sea.
- Deer Festival
- Amber Festival
- Lamb Festival
- Wadden Sea Festival
- The sheep market in Ho
- Varde Nisse-tri (atlon)
literature
- Varde 1920–1990 , Fra købstad til storkommune bind II , Varde commune 1992, ISBN 87-984163-0-8
- Varde i 1950érne , Varde Lokalhistoriske Arkiv, ISBN 87-988172-6-4
gallery
Varde Museum
The old City Hall
Jugendhuset - The Art Nouveau house
Varde Barracks
Hen beach
Hen beach
Vacation Henne Strand
Blåvandshuk lighthouse and the Atlantic Wall
Web links
- Official website of the municipality
- VisitWestDenmark
- Varde Kommune Translated with Googletranslate
- Calendar of events for the municipality of Varde
- Military training area, maneuvering and blocking times, Forsvaret.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Statistics Banks -> Befolkning og valg -> BY1: Folketal January 1st efter byområde, alder og køn (Danish)
- ↑ http://dendigitalebyport.byhistorie.dk/koebstaeder/by.aspx?koebstadID=66
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://forsvaret.dk/oksbl/skydninger/Pages/default.aspx
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.vardekommune.dk/
- ↑ www.statistikbanken.dk → Befolkning og valg → Folketal → Table BEF4A (Folketal pr. January 1st, demands på byer (AFSLUTTET))
- ↑ http://de.nationalparkvadehavet.dk/
- ↑ http://www.naturparkvesterhavet.dk/de/
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://vardemuseum.dk/
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://vardemuseum.dk/dk.php/udstillinger/tema/view/ottofrello
- ↑ http://www.ottofrello.dk/malerier.htm
- ↑ http://vardemuseum.dk/dk.php/udstillinger/tema/nymindegabmalerne/ukendt_malerkoloni_i_nymindegab
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ https://www.dr.dk/tv/se/guld-i-koebstaederne/guld-i-koebstaederne-varde-2-10/
- ↑ http://detgodeliv.regionsyddanmark.dk/publikation/kontur-2014-varde/
- ↑ http://www.visitwestdenmark.de/de/suedjuetland/gastronomie/willkommen-varde-gemeinde
- ↑ http://www.viinaturen.dk/
- ↑ http://www.sydvestjyskesmagsoplevelser.dk/da/forside/
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from December 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.visitwestdenmark.de/de/sudjutland/fahrradtouren/fahrradrouten-i-varde-gemeinde
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.kyst-kyststien.dk/german/index.htm
