Wilhelm Schomburgk

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Wilhelm Schomburgk (born March 1, 1882 in Leipzig ; † December 18, 1959 there ) was a German lawyer and banker . He was co-owner of the Meyer & Co. bank , the last private bank in the GDR . In the Third Reich he belonged to the conservative resistance around Carl Friedrich Goerdeler and Walter Cramer .

Schomburgk was also involved as an athlete and sports official . So in 1906 he was with his brother Heinrich Schomburgk as a member of the first men's team of VfB Leipzig German football champion and used once in three games. He was also an active tennis , ice and field hockey player at Leipziger SC , which he headed from 1920 to 1937 as president. He was also President of the German Tennis Association (DTB) from 1934 to 1937 . In 1949 he was made honorary president of the DTB.

Life

Origin and law degree

Thomas School in Leipzig (around 1900)

Wilhelm Schomburgk comes from the Leipzig entrepreneurial dynasty Schomburgk . He was born in Leipzig on March 1, 1882, the son of the merchant Heinrich Georg Schomburgk (1843–1928) and his wife Doris Eugenie Schomburgk (1847–1931), a daughter of the lawyer and Plagwitz industrial pioneer Carl Erdmann Heine . His father was a partner in the Leipziger Westend-Baugesellschaft AG (LWB) founded by Heine . a. built the Karl Heine Canal in the west of Leipzig. Wilhelm Schomburgk had six siblings. The oldest brother Arthur Schomburgk (born 1872) was a businessman and the youngest Heinrich Schomburgk (1885-1965) football and tennis player ( Olympic champion 1912 ).

Wilhelm Schomburgk, like other members of the family, attended the humanistic, ancient language St. Thomas School in Leipzig . After graduating from high school in 1902, he studied law at the University of Leipzig . which he completed with the first state examination in law and the assessor examination. In 1907 he was at the Law Faculty of the University of Leipzig with the civil dissertation The statutory lien of the freight carrier to Dr. jur. PhD.

Military service and banker

In the same year he married Elisabeth Meyer, a daughter of the Jewish banker Joel Meyer . With her he had four daughters. A little later he was employed in the bank of his father-in-law Meyer & Co. located at the Thomaskirchhof .

In World War I he served as a reserve officer , with the rank of first lieutenant in the reserve, in the 3rd medical company of the XII. (I. Royal Saxon) Army Corps . During this time he was u. a. awarded the Iron Cross and the Order of Albrecht . Most recently he held the rank of captain of the reserve with the 2nd Royal Saxon Uhlan Regiment No. 18 in Leipzig . After the war in 1919 he became a partner in the family-owned bank, which, with its loans, promoted the textile and tobacco industry in particular. From 1921 to 1936 he was also honorary commercial judge at the district court of Leipzig . After his father's death in 1928, he managed the family property of the LWF community of heirs. He was also chairman of the supervisory board of Ms. Feistkorn, worsted yarn spinning mill and a member of the supervisory board of Leipziger Wollkammerei Act.-Ges.

Athlete and sports official

Logo of the Leipziger SC 1901

Schomburgk was already an enthusiastic athlete during his school days, he was a track and field athlete and played soccer, tennis, field and ice hockey. He brought Bandy back with him from a trip to England in 1899 . With his brother Arthur Heinrich, he founded the Leipziger Sport-Club (LSC 1901) in the Kitzing und Helbig restaurant in 1901, of which he was president from 1920 to 1937. The sports club was primarily dedicated to tennis (from 1901) and field hockey (from 1908). He was one of the first clubs in Germany with a field hockey department. Schomburgk took part in several tennis tournaments in Germany and England from 1901 to 1910 and played a. a. against the Austrian Kurt von Wessely .

With VfB Leipzig , he and his brother became the third German men's soccer champion in 1906 . From July 1904 to June 1906 he was the right wing runner in the club's first team and there is evidence that he played the semi-finals of the German championship held in Berlin on May 6, 1906 , which was won 3-2 against Berlin's FC Hertha 92 . A serious injury ended his career.

In 1910 he was elected to the first federal committee of the German Hockey Federation (DHB), as a member of which he successfully proposed the inclusion of ice hockey in the DHB in 1912.

In 1902 he co-founded the German Tennis Association (DTB). From 1907 he was a member of the committee for national competitions, from 1910 of the ball testing committee and from 1911 of the amateur committee and the board of the German Tennis Federation. From 1920 to 1937 he was federal director.

From August 1934 he was appointed President of the DTB (Reichsfachamtsleiter Tennis) by the Reich Sports Leader Hans von Tschammer und Osten as the successor to Gerhard Weber . During his presidency he saw his club in competition with the sports clubs of the SA and SS . In addition, he always saw sport as a voluntary activity and not, as the National Socialists aimed for, as a duty. He resigned his office in October 1937 because of the reorganization of the German sports system. Officially it was called "due to occupational overload". His successor Erich von Schönborn transferred the tennis division to the National Socialist Reich Association for Physical Exercise (NSRL) in 1938 . In 1949 Schomburgk became honorary president of the newly established association.

The German senior team championships, the so-called Great Schomburgk Games, have been taking place since 1959 . Schomburgk originally owned a collection of tennis tournament programs and sporting goods from the German tennis pioneer Robert Freiherr von Fichard , which fell victim to a fire in his private library during World War II .

Resistance under National Socialism

Lord Mayor Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (1925)
Bank Meyer & Co. (1937)

In 1929 he became a member of the Familiar Society , an association of merchants with charitable goals. Together with Herbert Thieme , the President of the Leipzig Racing Club , he continued to hide the organization even under National Socialism. One met u. a. in the coffee house Zum Arabischen Coffe Baum . From 1946 to 1958 he was a senior of the company. During the Weimar Republic he was also chairman of the Harmonie Society , a civil association of mainly civil servants and merchants, in Leipzig. After the announced resignation of the bourgeois Lord Mayor of Leipzig Karl Rothe ( DVP ), Schomburgk asked industrialist Georg Stöhr, chairman of the Leipzig branch of the Association of Saxon Industrialists, for journalistic support in eliminating party politics and electing an administrative officer. Rothe's successor was the national conservative politician Carl Friedrich Goerdeler ( DNVP ) in 1930 .

From 1936 on, Schomburgk was a shop steward of the private bankers' group of the banking industry for the economic district of Saxony of the IHK working group in the Reich Chamber of Commerce . In September 1937, he went with Carl Fast , board member of the Communal Bank for Saxony , at the request of the Reich Commissioner for banking Friedrich Ernst , in which by the Jewish banker Hans Kroch -run bank Kroch in Leipzig. They renovated the bank and were under the November pogroms 1938 sole shareholder by performed under value Forced sale of shares of shares Krochs, by the Gestapo to the Buchenwald concentration camp was deported to the & by Bankhaus Meyer Co. and the Communal Bank for Saxony dominated construction - and repairs GmbH .

The exact motives for Schomburgk's resistance to National Socialism are so far unknown. In the 1930s, however, the situation for the Schomburgk family worsened because they did not distance themselves from the Jewish co-owners of the Meyer family. City officials were subsequently banned from keeping accounts with the bank. The co-owner Max Helmut Meyer was arrested by the Gestapo and taken to a labor camp. For this reason, Schomburgk became a member of the Goerdeler circle , the conservative-bourgeois resistance group around his friend, the entrepreneur Walter Cramer (executed in 1944) and the mayor Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (executed in 1945) , even before the Second World War . The widow Cramers later wrote in a letter: “I would like to thank you [...] for the loyal support that you have been to us, for all the advice and help with which you stood by my daughter and me. […] Above all, however, I am shocked to remember the perfect agreement of your thoughts and actions in everything my husband undertook to save the German people from the Nazi terror. ”Schomburgk acted as the courier of the group in the 1940s and was in contact with General Friedrich Olbricht . His daughter Annemarie Weiss assumed that he was not arrested after the failed assassination attempt on July 20, 1944 , because he was not targeted by the National Socialists due to a traffic accident and subsequent hospitalization.

Expropriation and reconstruction in the GDR

From August 1945, the owners of the Meyer & Co. bank and the Leipziger Sport-Club as well as the community of heirs of the Leipziger Westend-Baugesellschaft AG were expropriated by the Soviet Military Administration (SMAD) as part of the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone (1945-1946) .

In September 1946 he used a total of 300,000 Reichsmarks to set up a private bank. He was politically supported by the chairman of the Saxon CDU Hugo Hickmann . From 1946 to 1959 he ran the private bank Meyer & Co. with Max Helmut Meyer as a personally liable partner under the administrative supervision of the Sächsische Landesbank (or the German Investment Bank ) in rooms that are now rented. In 1949 he resigned from the committee for the reconstruction of the Gewandhaus in protest against the dissolution of the board of directors of the Gewandhaus in Leipzig, whose house bank was Meyer & Co. Due to the family influence of Schomburgk and a decision by the Ministry of Finance of the GDR (1952), the private bank was promised the return of its original assets. Ultimately, after the death of all partners in 1972, the last private bank in the GDR, for ideological and power-political reasons, was completely wound up and without further compensation for the descendants by the GDR authorities.

Estate and Relatives

Schomburgk family grave in the south cemetery in Leipzig (2011)

Wilhelm Schomburgk died on December 18, 1959 in his home in Leipzig- Connewitz . He was buried in the Schomburgk family grave in the south cemetery in Leipzig. Part of his sporting legacy is now in the Leipzig Sports Museum . Several photographs from Schomburgk's active time as a club, a portrait of Christoph von Boxberg (1879–1966) from 1930 and his tennis case for rackets from 1920 are kept in the Leipzig City History Museum .

Wilhelm Schomburgk's family has extensive and well-to-do relatives in Europe, Australia and South America.

Awards

Sporting honors

  • German soccer champion : 1906
  • 1934: Golden badge of honor from the German Tennis Association
  • 1949: Honorary President of the German Tennis Association

Orders and decorations

Fonts

Monographs

  • The carrier's statutory lien . A. Edelmann, Leipzig 1907. (= also dissertation, University of Leipzig, 1907)
  • Ice hockey in addition to the official ice hockey rules . Grethlein, Leipzig 1912. (= miniature library for sports and games, 37)

Contributions and essays

  • English and German lawn tennis. In: The Lawn Tennis Sport. 3 (1906) 29, pp. 429-432.
  • Preface to: Burghard von Reznicek: Tennis. The game of peoples . Johann Grüneberg, Marburg 1932.
  • Hamburg tennis memories. In: The tennis sport. 19 (1942) 7, p. 54 f.
  • German tennis until the beginning of the second world war. In: Deutscher Tennis Bund (Ed.): Official yearbook of the German Tennis Federation . Berlin 1952, pp. 9-41.

literature

  • Horst Riedel: Stadtlexikon Leipzig from A to Z . 1st edition. Pro Leipzig, Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-936508-03-8 , p. 532.

Web links

Commons : Wilhelm Schomburgk  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gernot Borriss: Heinrich Schomburgk: Olympic champion from an entrepreneurial dynasty. Leipziger Internet Zeitung, June 30, 2010, archived from the original on February 18, 2012 ; accessed on July 31, 2017 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Gernot Borriss: Heinrich Schomburgk. Olympic champion from an entrepreneurial dynasty . In: Leipziger Internet Zeitung . June 30, 2010.
  3. ↑ Richard Sachse , Karl Ramshorn, Reinhart Herz: The teachers of the Thomasschule in Leipzig 1832-1912. The high school graduates of the Thomas School in Leipzig 1845–1912 . B. G. Teubner Verlag, Leipzig 1912, p. 107.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Horst Riedel: Stadtlexikon Leipzig, p. 532.
  5. ↑ a b c d painting by Wilhelm Schomburgk in the object database of the City History Museum Leipzig ( digitized version ).
  6. ↑ Erhard Roth: The awards of the Knight's Cross 2nd Class with Swords of the Royal Saxon Order of Albrecht in the First World War 1914-1918 . Volume 8, PHV Verlag, Offenbach 1998, ISBN 3-932543-50-5 , p. 191. (= Statistical reports on Germany's phaleristics. 13)
  7. ↑ Fr. Feistkorn, worsted spinning . Albert Gieseler's website. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  8. ↑ Leipzig Wollkämmerei Act.-Ges. Albert Gieseler's website. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  9. ↑ a b New acquisitions . Website of the Leipzig City History Museum. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
  10. ^ Grit Hartmann, Cornelia Jeske, Jens Weinreich : Operation 2012. Leipzig's German Olympic trip . Forum Verlag Leipzig, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-931801-32-2 , p. 142.
  11. ↑ Chronicle. In: lsc1901.de. Leipziger Sport Club 1901, archived from the original on December 28, 2013 ; accessed on July 31, 2017 .
  12. ↑ Fritz Rudolph: What once began with the crook ... On the history of ice hockey in the Leipzig region ... In: sportmuseum-leipzig.de. Sports Museum Leipzig, archived from the original on October 21, 2012 ; accessed on July 31, 2017 .
  13. ^ W. Schomburgk . Tennis Archives website. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
  14. ^ Klaus Querengässer: The German football championship. Part 1: 1903-1945 (= Agon-Sportverlag statistics. Vol. 28). Agon-Sportverlag, Kassel 1997, ISBN 3-89609-106-9 , p. 41.
  15. ↑ a b Hardy Green , Lorenz Knieriem: Encyclopedia of German League Football. Volume 8: Player Lexicon 1890–1963. Agon-Sportverlag, Kassel 2006, ISBN 3-89784-148-7 , pp. 348-349.
  16. ↑ December 31, 1909: The DHB was born . Website of the German Hockey Association. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
  17. ↑ recording Hockey in the D . DHB website. Retrieved April 13, 2013.
  18. ↑ a b President of the German Tennis Federation: Dr. Wilhelm Schomburgk . Website of the German Tennis Federation. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
  19. ↑ Chronicle . LSC 1901 website. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  20. ↑ a b c d From game to battle ( Memento from December 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Website of the Rhineland-Palatinate Tennis Association.
  21. ^ Ulrich Kaiser : Tennis in Germany. From the beginning until 2002. For the 100th anniversary of the German Tennis Association . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-428-10846-9 , p. 140.
  22. ↑ Great Schomburgk Games (50+) . Website of the German Tennis Federation. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  23. ↑ Heiner Gillmeister: Tennis. A cultural history . Leicester University Press, London 1998, ISBN 0-7185-0195-0 , p. 385.
  24. ↑ a b Michael Schäfer: Bourgeoisie in crisis. Urban middle classes in Edinburgh and Leipzig from 1890 to 1930 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2003, ISBN 3-525-35688-9 , p. 266. (= plus habilitation, Bielefeld University, 2003)
  25. ↑ Ulrich Heß (Ed.): Economy and State in Saxony's Industrialization, 1750–1930 . Leipziger Universitäts-Verlag, Leipzig 2003, ISBN 3-935693-86-9 , p. 331.
  26. ^ Ingo Köhler: The "Aryanization" of the private banks in the Third Reich. Repression, elimination and the question of reparation . 2nd Edition. Verlag C. H. Beck, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-53200-9 , p. 77. (= additional dissertation, University of Bochum, 2003)
  27. ^ A b Ingo Köhler: The "Aryanization" of the private banks in the Third Reich. Repression, elimination and the question of reparation . 2nd Edition. Verlag C. H. Beck, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-53200-9 , p. 382. (= additional dissertation, University of Bochum, 2003)
  28. ↑ a b c d e Ulrich Heß: Entrepreneurs in Saxony. Motives, self-image, responsibility . Militzke, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-86189-754-7 , p. 258.
  29. ↑ a b c d e Andrea Richter: Wilhelm Schomburgk died 40 years ago today. On the road as a courier on Goerdeler's order. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung. December 18, 1998, p. 17.
  30. ↑ Beatrix Heintze (ed.): Walter Cramer (1886–1944). A Leipzig entrepreneur in the resistance. Documentation . Deutscher Instituts-Verlag, Cologne 1993, ISBN 3-602-14350-3 , p. 85.
  31. ↑ 21014 - Bankhaus Meyer & Co., Leipzig ( Memento from February 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). Website of the State Archives Leipzig. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  32. ↑ a b 21037 - Privatbank Meyer & Co., Leipzig ( Memento from June 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). Website of the State Archives Leipzig. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  33. ^ Ulrich Heß: Entrepreneurs in Saxony. Motives, self-image, responsibility . Militzke, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-86189-754-7 , p. 261.
  34. ^ Ulrich Heß: Entrepreneurs in Saxony. Motives, self-image, responsibility . Militzke, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-86189-754-7 , p. 266.
  35. ^ Ulrich Heß: Entrepreneurs in Saxony. Motives, self-image, responsibility . Militzke, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-86189-754-7 , p. 268.
  36. ↑ Wilhelm Schomburgk's tomb . Website friedhofsspaziergang-leipzig.de. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  37. ↑ Wilhelm Schomburgk's tennis case in the object database of the Leipzig City History Museum ( digitized version ).
  38. ^ Eckhard Fuhr : Civil cult. In the Leipzig district of Plagwitz, a villa is being torn from oblivion as a total work of art . In: The world . April 1, 2010.
  39. ^ Hans Schomburgk : Tents in Africa. An autobiographical story . R. Hobbing, Berlin 1931, p. 92.
  40. ^ Grit Hartmann, Cornelia Jeske, Jens Weinreich : Operation 2012. Leipzig's German Olympic trip . Forum Verlag Leipzig, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-931801-32-2 , p. 143.
  41. ↑ Herrmann AL Degener (Ed.): Degeners Who is it? 10th edition, Degener, Berlin 1935, p. 955.
  42. ^ Sabine Knopf: Book City Leipzig. The historical travel guide . Links, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86153-634-5 , p. 106.
  43. ↑ Eckbert Schulz-Schomburgk : Fragments of a sketchy memory. A résumé . Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2005, ISBN 3-8334-2487-7 , pp. 15, 21.
personal data
SURNAME Schomburgk, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer, banker, soccer player and President of the German Tennis Association
DATE OF BIRTH March 1, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
DATE OF DEATH 18th December 1959
Place of death Leipzig