Zephyr flowers

Zephyr flowers
	Large-flowered zephyr flower ( Zephyranthes minuta )
Systematics
	Monocots
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae)
Subfamily :	Amaryllidoideae
Tribe :	Hippeastreae
Genre :	Zephyr flowers
Scientific name
	Zephyranthes
	Herb.

The zephyranthes ( Zephyranthes ), and Zephyr Lily or Zephirlilien called, are a genus within the family of the Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae).

description

Illustration from Zephyranthes americana

Illustration of Zephyranthes cardinalis

Immature capsule fruit of the pure white zephyr flower ( Zephyranthes candida )

Illustration by Zephyranthes versicolor from Francisco Manuel Blanco , Flora de Filipinas…, 1880-1883

Appearance and leaves

Zephyranthes species are perennial herbaceous plants . These geophytes form egg to spherical onions with black to brown cover ("tunic") as persistence organs. The basal, upright or bent down leaves are simple, flat, linear, sessile, smooth and about 1 centimeter wide. The leaf bases overlap.

Inflorescences and flowers

Usually only one flower stands in a inflorescence with a single, röhrigem at its base husk together on a long, hollow inflorescence stem. The more or less upright, hermaphrodite, almost radially symmetrical , threefold flowers are trumpet-shaped to urn-shaped and have a diameter of 2 to 16 centimeters. The six almost identical bloom cladding sheets ( tepals ), which are only fused at their base, are mostly white. There is a circle with three short and one with three long stamens ; they are briefly fused with the bracts. Three carpels have become an under constant ovary grown, many ovules contains. The thin style ends in a cephalic or three-lobed to branched scar.

Fruits and seeds

Usually almost spherical, three-chambered, thin-walled capsule fruits are formed that contain many black seeds.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Zephyranthes was established in 1821 by William Herbert in An Appendix , p. 36. The generic name Zephyranthes is made up of the name of the Greek god of the west wind Zephyr and the Greek word ἄνθος ánthos for "blossom" or "flower". Synonyms for Zephyranthes Herb. nom. cons. are: Haylockia Herb. , Atamosco Adans. , Atamasco Raf. , Aidema Ravenna , Argyropsis M. Roem . , Arviela Salisb. , Cooperia Herb. , Sceptranthes Graham , Mesochloa Raf. , Plectronema Raf. , Pogonema Raf. , × Cooperanthes Percy-Lanc.

The genus Zephyranthes belongs to the subtribe Zephyranthinea from the tribe Hippeastreae in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae within the family of Amaryllidaceae . Sometimes the common name rain lilies is used for this genus; but this is also the common name of the closely related genera Habranthus Herb. and Cooperia Herb., so this name is used for all genera of the subtribe Zephyranthinea.

Zephyranthes species are widespread in the New World . Their distribution area extends from the south-eastern and south-central USA (about 16 species) over Mexico and Central America as well as the West Indies to South America . Some species are invasive plants in subtropical and tropical countries outside of the New World.

Flower aspect in spring of Zephyranthes atamasco in the habitat

Threefold flowers in detail from the side of the pure white zephyr flower ( Zephyranthes candida )

Zephyranthes carinata

Zephyranthes chlorosolen

Zephyranthes citrina

Zephyranthes lindleyana

Zephyranthes mesochloa

Zephyranthes minima

Pink Zephyr flower ( Zephyranthes rosea )

Zephyranthes treatiae

There are around 40 to 70 (depending on whether the Cooperia species are included or not) Zephyranthes species:

Zephyranthes albiella Traub : It occurs from Colombia to Ecuador .
Zephyranthes albolilacina Cárdenas : It occurs in Bolivia .
Zephyranthes americana (Hoffmanns.) Ravenna (Syn .: Zephyranthes pusilla (Herb.) D.Dietr. ): It is distributed from southern Brazil via Uruguay to northern Argentina .
Zephyranthes amoena Ravenna : It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Paraná .
Zephyranthes andina (REFr.) Traub (Syn .: Zephyranthes parvula Killip , Zephyranthes pseudocrocus (Solms) Traub , Zephyranthes challensis Ravenna , Zephyranthes cochabambensis (Cárdenas) Ravenna ): It iswidespreadfrom Peru to northwestern Argentina.
Zephyranthes atamasco (L.) Herb. : It thrives at altitudes of 0 to 700 meters in the southeastern US states of Alabama , Florida , Georgia , southeast Mississippi , North Carolina , South Carolina and eastern Virginia .
Zephyranthes bella T.M. Howard & S.Ogden : It occurs in the Mexican states of Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí .
Zephyranthes bifolia (Aubl.) M. Roem. (Syn .: Zephyranthes rosea var. Bifolia (Aubl.) Herb. ): It occurs only on Hispaniola .
Zephyranthes brevipes Standl. : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Chiapas .
Zephyranthes breviscapa Ravenna : It occurs in Bolivia.
Zephyranthes briquetii J.F. Macbr. : It occurs only in the Moquegua region of Peru.
Pure white zephyr flower ( Zephyranthes candida (Lindl.) Herb. ): It is naturally widespread from Uruguay to Argentina and Peru . For example, it is a neophyte in the USA . It is used as an ornamental plant.
Zephyranthes capivarina Ravenna : It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Paraná.
Zephyranthes cardinalis C.H.Wright : It is only found in the Bahamas .
Zephyranthes carinata Herb. : It originally occurs from Mexico to Colombia. It is used as an ornamental plant.
Zephyranthes cearensis (Herb.) Baker : It occurs in Brazil.
Zephyranthes chlorosolen (Herb.) D.Dietr. : It iswidespreadfrom the US states of southeastern Kansas , Oklahoma , southern Alabama, western Arkansas , southern Louisiana , southern Mississippi and Texas to the eastern Mexican states of Coahuila , Nuevo León , San Luis Potosí , Tamaulipas and Veracruz .
Zephyranthes chrysantha Greenm. & CHThomps. : It occurs in Texas and in the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo León.
Zephyranthes ciceroana M.M. Mejía & R.García : This endemic occurs only in the Dominican Republic .
Zephyranthes citrina Baker : It is originally distributed from Central America and the Caribbean islands to South America. For example, it is a neophyte in the states of Alabama, Mississippi and Florida in the USA.
Zephyranthes clintiae Traub : It comes in the Mexican states of Queretaro before and San luis Potosi.
Zephyranthes concolor (Lindl.) Benth. & Hook. f. : It occurs in Mexico.
Zephyranthes crociflora T.M. Howard & S.Ogden : It occurs in the Mexican state of Coahuila.
Zephyranthes cubensis Urb. : This endemic occurs only in western Cuba .
Zephyranthes depauperata Herb. : It occurs in Chile.
Zephyranthes dichromantha T.M. Howard : It occurs in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí.
Zephyranthes diluta Ravenna : It occurs in Argentina.
Zephyranthes drummondii D.Don : It is distributed from the southern US states of Texas, Louisiana and Florida to northeast Mexico.
Zephyranthes elegans Ravenna : It occurs in Bolivia.
Zephyranthes erubescens S.Watson : It occurs in northeastern Mexico.
Zephyranthes filifolia Herb. ex Kraenzl. : It occurs in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
Zephyranthes flavissima Ravenna : It occurs in southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina.
Zephyranthes fluvialis Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Entre Ríos .
Zephyranthes fosteri grape : It occurs in Mexico.
Zephyranthes fragrans Ravenna : It occurs in Bolivia.
Zephyranthes gracilis Herb. : It occurs in Peru.
Zephyranthes gratissima Ravenna : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Paraná.
Zephyranthes guatemalensis L.B.Spencer : It occurs in Guatemala .
Zephyranthes hondurensis Ravenna : It occurs in Guatemala and Honduras .
Zephyranthes howardii Traub : It occurs in the Mexican states of San Luis Potosí and Nuevo León.
Zephyranthes insularum H.H. Hume ex Moldenke : It probably only occurs originally in Cuba and is a neophyte in Florida and Mexico.
Zephyranthes jonesii (Cory) grape : It only thrives in Texas at altitudes of 0 to 30 meters.
Zephyranthes katheriniae L.B.Spencer : It occurs in the Mexican state of Hidalgo .
Zephyranthes lagesiana Ravenna : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina .
Zephyranthes latissimifolia L.B.Spencer : It occurs in the Mexican state of Jalisco .
Zephyranthes leucantha T.M. Howard : It occurs in the Mexican state of Hidalgo.
Zephyranthes lindleyana Herb. : It occurs from Mexico to Nicaragua.
Zephyranthes longistyla Pax : It occurs in northern and central Argentina.
Zephyranthes longituba Flory ex Flagg & G.Lom.Sm. : It occurs in the Mexican states of San Luis Potosí and Coahuila. It was first described in 2010.
Zephyranthes macrosiphon Baker : It is common in Mexico.
Zephyranthes mesochloa Herb. ex Lindl. : It is common in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
Zephyranthes microstigma Ravenna : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.
Zephyranthes minima Herb. : It comes Of the two subspecies, one is endemic to the Argentine Entre Ríos and the other is common in Brazil, Uruguay and northeastern Argentina.
Large-flowered zephyr flower ( Zephyranthes minuta (Kunth) D.Dietr. , Syn .: Amaryllis minuta Kunth , Zephyranthes grandiflora Lindl. Nom. Illeg., Amaryllis minima Ker Gawl. , Zephyranthes striata Herb. , Zephyranthesida verecunda Herb. , Will Amaryllis . Ex. Ex Schult. & Schult. F. Nom. Illeg., Amaryllis striatula Schult. & Schult. F. , Amaryllis verecunda (Herb.) Schult. & Schult. F. Nom. Illeg., Zephyranthes grahamiana Herb. , Zephyranthes sessilis var. Ackermannia Herb. , Zephyranthes sessilis var. Striata (Herb.) Herb. , Zephyranthes sessilis var. Verecunda (Herb.) Herb. , Zephyranthes nervosa D.Dietr. Nom. Illeg., Zephyranthes lilacina Liebm. , Zephyranthes ackermannia (Herb.) M .Roem. , Zephyranthes pallida M.Roem. ): It is distributed from Mexico to Guatemala.
Zephyranthes miradorensis (Kraenzl.) Espejo & López-Ferr. : It occurs in the Mexican state of Veracruz .
Zephyranthes moctezumae T.M. Howard : It occurs in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí.
Zephyranthes modesta Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Jujuy .
Zephyranthes morrisclintii Traub & TMHoward : It occurs in the Mexican state of Nuevo León.
Zephyranthes nelsonii Greenm. : It occurs in the Mexican states of Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas.
Zephyranthes nervosa Herb. : It occurs in southeastern Mexico.
Zephyranthes nymphaea T.M. Howard & S.Ogden : It occurs in the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí.
Zephyranthes orellanae Carnevali, Duno & JLTapia :First described in2010 from the Mexican state of Yucatán .
Zephyranthes paranaensis Ravenna : It occurs in southern Brazil.
Zephyranthes plumieri H.H. Hume ex Moldenke : This endemic occurs only in the Dominican Republic.
Zephyranthes primulina T.M. Howard & S.Ogden : It occurs in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí.
Zephyranthes proctorii Acev.-Rodr. & MTStrong :First described in2005 from Puerto Rico .
Zephyranthes pseudocolchicum Kraenzl. : It occurs in Peru and Bolivia.
Zephyranthes puertoricensis grape : It occurs from Panama to northern South America and on the Caribbean islands.
Zephyranthes pulchella J.G.Sm. : It occurs from Texas to northeast Mexico.
Zephyranthes purpurella Ravenna : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Tocantins .
Zephyranthes refugiensis F.B.Jones : This endemic occurs only in southeast Texas.
Zephyranthes reginae T.M. Howard & S.Ogden : It occurs in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí.
Zephyranthes rosalensis Ravenna : It occurs in Bolivia.
Pink zephyr flower ( Zephyranthes rosea Lindl. , Syn .: Zephyranthes carnea (Schult. & Schult.f.) D.Dietr. ): It originally occurs from Colombia to Peru and is a neophyte in numerous countries.
Zephyranthes sessilis Herb. : It is common in Mexico.
Zephyranthes simpsonii Chapm. : It occurs in the southeastern United States.
Zephyranthes smallii (Alexander) Traub : This endemic occurs only in southern Texas.
Zephyranthes stellaris Ravenna : It is distributed in Brazil, Paraguay and northeast Argentina.
Zephyranthes subflava L.B.Spencer : It occurs in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí.
Zephyranthes susatana Fern.Alonso & Groenend. : It occurs in Colombia only in the province of Cundinamarca .
Zephyranthes traubii (W.Hayw.) Moldenke : It is distributed from Texas to northeastern Mexico.
Zephyranthes treatiae S. Watson : It occurs in southern Georgia and Florida.
Zephyranthes tucumanensis Hunz. : It occurs in the Argentine province of Tucumán .
Zephyranthes uruguaianica Ravenna : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.
Zephyranthes versicolor (Herb.) G.Nicholson (Syn .: Zephyranthes pluricolor Herter ): It occurs in Uruguay.
Zephyranthes wrightii Baker : It occurs in Cuba.
Zephyranthes yaviensis Ravenna : It occurs in northwest Argentina.

Blossom of the Zephyranthes variety 'Krakatau'

The genus Zephyranthes no longer includes species identified by Flagg et al. In 2010 the following were placed in the genus Habranthus :

Zephyranthes arenicola Brandegee → Habranthus arenicola (Brandegee) Flagg, G.Lom.Sm. & Meerow
Zephyranthes chichimeca T.M.Howard & S.Ogden → Habranthus Chichimeca (TMHoward & S.Ogden) Flagg, G.Lom.Sm. & Meerow
Zephyranthes conzattii Greenm. → Habranthus conzattii (Greenm.) Flagg, G.Lom.Sm. & Meerow
Zephyranthes longifolia Hemsl. → Habranthus longifolius (Hemsl.) Flagg, G.Lom.Sm. & Meerow

use

A large number of varieties of a few species (especially Zephyranthes minuta ) are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens in frost-free areas.

swell

AW Meerow, MF Fay, CL Guy, QB Li, FQ Zaman, MW Chase: Systematic of Amaryllidaceae based on cladistic analysis of Plastid RBCL and TML-F sequences of data. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 86, 1999, pp. 1325-1345.
Zhanhe Ji, Alan W. Meerow: Amaryllidaceae. : Zephyranthes. , P. 266 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5
Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith, Walter S. Flory: Zephyranthes. , P. 296 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002. ISBN 0-19-515208-5

Individual evidence

^ Zephyranthes at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
^ ^A ^b Zephyranthes in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Zephyranthes. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 22, 2016.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith, Walter S. Flory: Zephyranthes. , P. 296 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002. ISBN 0-19-515208-5
^ ^A ^b Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
↑ ^a ^b Zhanhe Ji, Alan W. Meerow: Amaryllidaceae. : Zephyranthes. , P. 266 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith, Alan W. Meerow: New Combinations in Habranthus (Amaryllidaceae) in Mexico and Southwestern USA In: Novon , Volume 20, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 33-34. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org doi: 10.3417 / 2008049
↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein pages 942-943).

Web links

Commons : Zephirblumen ( Zephyranthes ) - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Entry at bulbsociety.org .