Nazi Party Rally Grounds

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Model of the Nazi party rally grounds at the Paris World Exhibition in 1937
Map section of the Nazi party rally grounds around 1940

Reichsparteitagsgelände was area in the southeast of Nuremberg called on the 1933 to 1938 the party rallies of the Nazi party took place. The overall design for the design of the site came from Albert Speer in its basic concept and from Walter Brugmann , who also managed the implementation in terms of planning. It covers a total area of ​​over 16.5 km². The area extended between the Dutzendteich train station , the old zoo and in the southeast to the Moorenbrunnfeld . Some of the colossal structures were fully or partially completed and are still there today. The Documentation Center Nazi Party Rally Grounds has been providing information on site since 2001 .

The area before 1933: local recreation area

In the 19th century, a local recreation area for the residents of the rapidly growing city developed around the large and small Dutzendteich in the southeast of Nuremberg . Since 1876 there was a bathing establishment on the north side of the Dutzendteich. By the turn of the century, a beach promenade was set up at the ponds. In place of an earlier inn, a hotelier had a restaurant built in 1899, the Park-Café Wanner, which is located directly on the banks and which was destroyed in World War II.

In 1906, the Bavarian anniversary, state, industrial, commercial and art exhibition took place in the area between Dutzendteich and today's Platz der Victims of Fascism . The northern part of the exhibition area was named in honor of the then Prince Regent Luitpold Luitpoldhain called.

The office of the exhibition from 1906 applied for the construction of the lighthouse at Dutzendteich on January 14, 1905, according to the building act in the Nuremberg City Archives . It was an exhibition contribution for the company Josef Houzer, a specialty shop for chimney construction and combustion systems. The ensemble was completed on June 22, 1906. During the exhibition, the tower, with its height of 15 meters, served as a viewing platform during the day and spotlights installed there illuminated the area at night. On December 30, 1907, the lighthouse was sold for further use to the city of Nuremberg, which had an elevator installed.

The buildings erected for the exhibition were demolished except for the lighthouse and the machine hall. The machine hall was given the name Luitpoldhalle after some modifications to an event hall . According to a newspaper article in the city chronicle, the city administration planned to demolish the lighthouse in 1925. However, these plans were not pursued until the site was chosen for the construction of the congress hall as part of the Nazi party rally grounds after the NSDAP came to power. The lighthouse stood in the way and was blown up on October 29, 1936 in the course of soil compaction work by the 1st Company of the Pioneer Battalion 45 Neu-Ulm . Today the torso of the congress hall stands there.

In the area between Luitpoldhain and Dutzendteich, the Nuremberg Zoo was opened in 1912 , and in 1939 it was relocated to the Schmausenbuck because it stood in the way of the expansion plans for the party convention site.

  • The Dutzendteich with the Park-Café Wanner, postcard around 1915

  • The later Luitpoldhalle as the machine hall for the state exhibition, postcard from 1906

  • The lighthouse at Dutzendteich, which was blown up in 1936, postcard from around 1914

  • Reich party rally of the NSDAP, 1927

  • The Hall of Honor in Luitpoldhain, 2010

In the area beyond the Dutzendteich, a sports and recreation area with the Bauhaus- style octagonal municipal stadium was built in 1923 at the suggestion of the Lord Mayor of Nuremberg , Hermann Luppe (architect: Otto Ernst Schweizer ). This offered space for 37,000 spectators, including a covered grandstand for 2,500 spectators. Part of the area was also a meadow on which Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin landed on August 28, 1909 with the Zeppelin LZ 6 (often incorrectly referred to as "Z III") and which has since been called the Zeppelin Field. As a job creation measure, an urban sports and recreation area was created according to the concepts of the city gardening director Alfred Hensel . On the actual field, the “Turnwiese” was created, a sports field enclosed on three sides by walls of grandstands. The overall design of the sports park received international recognition, including a gold medal for planning the Olympic Games in 1928 . Encouraged by this, Nuremberg applied to host the 1936 Olympic Games , but the application was dropped in favor of Berlin .

Due to the numerous facilities and the convenient transport links, the area became a popular location for major national events, including the NSDAP party congresses of 1927 and 1929. Between 1928 and 1930, a memorial to the fallen , the so-called Hall of Honor , was erected on the eastern side of the grove to the dead of the First World War (architect: Fritz Mayer ).

The site between 1933 and 1945: the buildings

Luitpold Arena

The Luitpold Arena, 1942

The park of the Luitpoldhains was replaced from 1933 by a strictly structured parade area, the Luitpoldarena with an area of ​​84,000 m². A speaker's platform was built across from the Hall of Honor. The victims of the Hitler coup of 1923 were commemorated at the Ehrenhalle itself . The direct connection between the grandstand and the hall consisted of a wide granite path.

The marches of the SA and SS with up to 150,000 people took place in this ensemble during the Nazi party rallies . The central “relic” was the blood flag that was supposedly carried by the putschists during the Hitler coup. During the consecration of the blood flag , new standards of SA and SS units were "consecrated" by touching the blood flag.

Luitpoldhalle

The Luitpoldhalle was 180 × 50 meters in size and offered space for up to 16,000 people. The party congress took place in it as part of the Nazi party rallies. Since the playful Art Nouveau facade of the hall, which was built in 1906, did not match the look of the Luitpoldarena, it was blinded in 1935 with a strict backdrop that gave the entrance a monumental impression. In the interior, too, flags and curtains drew the audience's attention away from the architecture to the speakers, namely Adolf Hitler and other party leaders. For a short time the largest organ in Europe with 5 manuals and 220 registers was built here. The hall, which was damaged by a bomb, was blown up and demolished in 1950. The area is now used as a parking lot.

In the Martin Luther Memorial Church in Berlin-Mariendorf - which was completed in 1935 - the Walcker organ , at the location for which it was designed, went into operation after the 1935 Nazi party rally. It was the first large organ instrument at a party conference in Nuremberg. It was ordered by Hitler in August 1935 for the opening ceremony and within a few days, since it was already finished, it was set up at the front of the hall behind a huge red swastika curtain. It was played at the opening ceremony and among other things on September 15, 1935 - before Göring read the Nuremberg Race Laws here - with the hymn We step in to pray .

After the bombs hit by the Royal Air Force , the large, second organ built by Walcker at this point, which was later installed in the hall, is said to have burned, as well as the enormous food reserves stored here for the Nazi superiors and the furniture placed under them .

  • Picture for the "Blood Protection Act" (1935)

  • The Walcker organ in its current location

Congress hall

The congress hall is - after Prora - the second largest surviving National Socialist monumental building in Germany and is a listed building . The design with a cantilevered roof comes from the Nuremberg architects Ludwig and Franz Ruff . The hall was planned as a congress center for the NSDAP with space for 50,000 people. Of the planned height of around 70 meters, only 39 were reached.

Most of the building is made of bricks ; the facade was clad with large granite slabs "from all regions of the empire". The architecture, especially the exterior facade, was based on a. at the Colosseum in Rome . The U-shaped building ends on the east side facing the Dutzendteich with two head buildings. The foundation stone was laid in 1935, but the construction remained unfinished; in particular, the roofing was no longer required. The dimensions of the torso: U-shape outside 240 × 200 m, inside 175 × 155 m, eastern end structures 280 × 52… 70 m. With their U-shape, Ludwig and Franz Ruff referred very clearly to the ancient Marcellus Theater in Rome , which was built around the year around the birth of Christ on behalf of Emperor Augustus . Even the two side head structures are cited. The Marcellus Theater was later the model for the Colosseum , which is also clearly quoted by Ludwig and Franz Ruff in the facade design. In 2003, a photovoltaic system with 295 kWp was installed on the roof of the Nuremberg congress hall. With this system, the city of Nuremberg generates around 300,000 kWh of green electricity per year.

Rome, model of the Marcellus Theater as an architectural model for the Nuremberg Congress Hall
  • Congress hall (2017)

    Congress hall, south view 2017

  • The hall from the air 2016

  • Nuremberg Rally, laying of the foundation stone in 1935

  • The hall 2008

  • An arcade in the hall 2010

  • Inner courtyard 2012

  • View into the great portico

House of Culture

The House of Culture was planned opposite the congress hall, but construction was no longer started.

Big street

The Great Street, 2004

The construction of Grosse Strasse as a parade route and central axis of the site was completed in 1939. It is oriented in a north-westerly direction towards the medieval imperial castle . This should create a historical connection to the Holy Roman Empire and the Reichstag in Nuremberg. However, it could never be used for party congresses, since no such events took place after the start of the war.

The actual road is two kilometers long (1.5 km has been completed) and 40 meters wide. To the south of the Dutzendteiche it is flanked by grandstand steps, which means that the width in this area is approx. 60 meters. Granite slabs in two different colors were laid on a concrete base. The street was structured with the colors light and dark gray so that the groups marching there could more easily maintain their alignment. The light gray, square plates have an edge length of 1.2 m, which corresponds to the length of two Prussian piercing steps . This should also make it easier to maintain the formation during parades. Until the early 1960s it served as a runway for the US Army, which operated DHC-2 "Beaver" fixed-wing aircraft and Sikorsky S-58 helicopters.

German stadium

In order to create a venue for the planned National Socialist fighting games , Albert Speer designed the German stadium . With a footprint of 540 × 445 and a height of 82 meters, it was planned as "the largest stadium in the world" (Albert Speer). It should offer space for over 405,000 spectators. For comparison: the world's largest stadium in Prague today has 250,000 seats. The horseshoe-shaped floor plan, open to the Great Street, was inspired by classic models, including the stadium of Olympia and the Circus Maximus in Rome. A forecourt with a size of 360 × 180 meters was planned in front of the stadium, from which a 150-meter-wide flight of stairs should lead down to the Große Straße.

As with the other monumental buildings on the party conference grounds, funding should not play a role. Joseph Goebbels wrote in his diary, “ The model for the German Stadium is wonderful. The Führer does not want to talk about money. Build, build! It's already paid for. Frederick the Great didn't ask for the money either when he was building Sanssouci . "To test the visibility and various angles of inclination of the spectator stands, was built on a hillside with Hirschbach upper Klausen , the Hohenberg ( 49 ° 34 '3"  N , 11 ° 34' 27 "  O ) in the Hersbrucker Alb (in the vernacular Stadionberg ) a 1: 1 scale model. In one and a half years of construction, three wooden stands were built with a capacity of 42,000 seats and an elevator station. The concrete foundations are still there and have been a listed building since 2002. An information board reminds of the story.

After the foundation stone was laid on September 9, 1937 as part of the Nazi party rally, the excavation of the excavation began, which was not yet completed by the start of the war in 1939. During the war, work was stopped and the excavation pit, which was up to ten meters deep, filled with groundwater . The resulting lake is called the Silbersee and is poisoned with hydrogen sulfide because of the Silberbuck in the immediate vicinity . The Silberbuck itself is a mountain of rubble and rubbish that grew up to 35 meters in height between 1946 and 1962. Its composition of rubble from the bombed old town, household waste and critical industrial waste and the fact that it stands in the groundwater-flooded foundation pit make the lake and the mountain, which is now green, a difficult legacy.

  • Adolf Hitler with the architects Speer (left) and Franz Ruff in front of drawings and models of the Nuremberg party grounds, 1934

  • Speer and Hitler on a visit to the test stands. (March 1938)

  • Concrete foundations of the stadium model near Oberklausen, 2007

  • The Silbersee, the former excavation pit for the German Stadium, 2004

March field

Remnants of the foundation in Märzfeld and a display board at Montessoristraße 56, 2008

The name Märzfeld is an allusion to the Roman god of war Mars and the field of Mars originally dedicated to him in Rome as well as a reminder of the reintroduction of compulsory military service in March 1935. The area should provide space for demonstration maneuvers by the Wehrmacht during the Nazi party rallies. It had a size of 955 × 611 meters, which corresponds to about 58 hectares and was therefore larger than 80 football fields. Construction began in 1938 and was never completed. Framed by 24 towers, 11 of which were completed, it should give the impression of monumental fortress architecture. Grandstands for around 250,000 spectators were planned on the edges. A colossal group of figures with a goddess of victory and warriors was planned for the central stand.

Municipal stadium / stadium of the Hitler Youth

The municipal stadium, which was built between 1926 and 1928, was used during the Nazi party rallies as a venue for the so-called Hitler Youth Day . The name used at the time results from this use. In relation to the German Stadium planned nearby , it was also often referred to as the Altes Stadion .

The Bauhaus- style building did not match the monumental structures that were being built around it. To take away some of the modern character of the stadium, two wooden towers and a row of arcades were built on the back straight , which served as a backdrop for drummers, choirs and wind instruments.

After several renovations and modernizations, it is now used as a football stadium under the name Max-Morlock-Stadion for 1. FC Nürnberg .

Zeppelin field and Zeppelin grandstand

in the Zeppelin grandstand: Golden Hall

On the Zeppelinwiese ( 49 ° 25 ′ 48.4 ″  N , 11 ° 7 ′ 25.1 ″  E ) events of the Reichswehr / Wehrmacht and the Reich Labor Service as well as the roll call of the political leaders of the NSDAP took place from 1933 .

In the years 1935 to 1937, the Zeppelin Meadow was redesigned into a parade ground with grandstands based on a design by Albert Speer (1934), with the main Zeppelin grandstand built on the northeast side of the field as the dominant backdrop. It is the only completed structure on the Nazi party rally grounds.

The entire facility had the dimensions of 362 × 378 meters, the actual zeppelin field measured 290 × 312 meters. The inner area measures 312 × 285 meters and is therefore larger than 12 soccer fields.

Overall, the area offered space for up to 320,000 people, 70,000 of whom were spectators in the stands. They were divided by 34 towers with flagpoles and anti-aircraft floodlights on them . The impressive "light dome" was created with over 150 very powerful headlights, which shone vertically into the sky around the zeppelin field.

On the north-eastern side of the field, the Zeppelin main grandstand with a length of 360 and a height of 20 meters was built from 1935 to replace a temporary wooden grandstand. The ancient Pergamon Altar served as a model . Above the seats, a double row of pillars ran across the entire width, through which the grandstand reached its total height of 20 meters. It houses an approx. 8 m high and more than 300 m² large hall, which is also called the Golden Hall because of the decorative ceiling mosaics . There are also the two stairwells accessible from the inside.

Fire bowls stood on the two corner towers of the Zeppelin grandstand, one of which is now in the grandstand in the Golden Hall. The other was used as a children's paddling pool in the nearby stadium pool until 2008 , but is now in front of the main entrance to the grandstand. In the middle of the grandstand, there was an additional raised section reserved for special guests of honor. The central element was the speaker's pulpit, from which Adolf Hitler took parades and spoke to the masses. As with the Luitpoldarena, the entire facility was oriented towards this point and thus towards the person of the “Führer”, which gave it an altar-like character. The building, erected between 1935 and 1937, is made of concrete, brick and shell limestone . Later renovations showed that the shell limestone slabs are of different thicknesses. The projecting and recessed processing with the bricks resulted in greater stability and, at the same time, material savings in the more expensive facing.

  • Reich Party Rally 1935. The huge Nazi eagle is made of wood, the stage is incomplete

  • Large parade at the Nazi party rally in 1937

  • Main grandstand of the zeppelin field, 1942

  • Main grandstand of the zeppelin field, 2004

  • Main grandstand of the zeppelin field, 2012

  • Panorama of the zeppelin field, 2017

  • Entrance to the Golden Hall

The staging of a homogeneous monumental structure, skilfully supported by photos, is still effective today, but the structure was built step by step, even using older building fabric. Propaganda effects were often created with wooden dummies. The party congress of 1934 - in its propaganda exaggeration through the Riefenstahl film Triumph of the Will - still shapes the collective image of these major events today. The appearances shown by Hitler on a grandstand crowned with a 9 by 16 meter eagle, which was set up on the western side grandstand of the Hensel sports field, are now often mistakenly associated with the Zeppelin grandstand, which was not built until the following years. In the same year Hitler commissioned Speer - with a view to the dummy-like wooden constructions used - with a major expansion plan for a "Temple City of Movement" on the site. In the following first "building program" in 1934/35, however, the wooden staffage tried and tested in the years before was used. The greatest effort was made for the carrying capacity of the field. In order to be able to drive over the zeppelin field, which was created in the swampy area near the Dutzendteich, with heavy military vehicles during parades, the “unsustainable bog soil” was partly renewed meter-deep. Behind and above the central building, a structure with another step system and again a giant wooden imperial eagle was created. In the second “building program” in 1935/36 and the subsequent expansion from 1936–1938, the wood facings were replaced and, in many cases, only existing building fabric was built over. The piling up of the building masses as an effective backdrop for the eight-day propaganda act could therefore only take place on the basis of largely non-functional room contents, which often did not fit together. The end structures of the main grandstand were always free of use, the wing structures and the towers of the ramparts only accommodated numerous toilets and a few transformer stations. The pressure of deadlines to present monumental architecture at the Nazi party rally in September led to the planning and construction work being carried out very quickly. Due to subsequent design changes, parts that had already been built were dismantled. At least in the main rooms and on the exterior, the Zeppelin grandstand was completed for the last Nazi party rally in 1938. Much of the structural damage that has triggered the current debate about maintenance and security projects is already due to the planning and implementation of the structure. As early as 1941, numerous ashlar stones had to be replaced because they had been installed damp due to lack of time.

KdF city

The KdF city was established in 1937 in the northern area of the Nazi party rally grounds, on what is now the 1. FC Nürnberg area . Some of the wooden exhibition structures erected in Berlin for the 1936 Olympic Games were brought to Nuremberg after the competition and rebuilt there. In the exhibition halls, regional products were presented and leisure events were held during the Nazi party rallies. The KdF city burned down in 1942 after a bomb attack.

Workers' housing complex

In 1939, to the east, directly adjacent to the Nazi party rally grounds, a residential complex was built for the workers of the German Labor Front who were deployed on the Nazi party rally grounds. Seven contiguous outbuildings were added to the main building to serve as accommodation. The facility, located in the forest, was rebuilt after the war despite severe bomb damage and was used for a short time as accommodation for American soldiers. Since 1947, most of it has been used as a nursing home ( August Meier -Heim) and the rear area as an urban emergency housing complex for the homeless and state communal accommodation for asylum seekers . It is planned to close the homeless community at the end of July 2009. A new retirement home is to be built on the complex by 2020. To what extent the listed buildings will be demolished is not yet known.

Storage areas

RAD tent camp , 1939

The individual camp areas, the Hitler Youth camp, the camps of the SA , SS and NSKK began directly at the Märzfeld train station in a south-easterly direction . This area is now used as a residential area. The storage areas of the Wehrmacht and the RAD were located on the Moorenbrunnfeld and are largely undeveloped.

Trafostation

The former transformer station with a fast food restaurant, 2006

The transformer station on Regensburger Strasse was built in 1934 to supply power to the Nazi party rally grounds. After 1945 the building became the property of the city of Nuremberg. The local electricity supplier N-ERGIE had used the technology for power supply until 1998, after which the transformer station lost its purpose due to technical changes. Since June 2006, part of the building has housed a fast-food restaurant and a fitness studio.

Train stations

The Märzfeld train station, 2005

For the arrival and departure of the participants, the main railway stations at Nuremberg Central Station and the nearby Dutzendteich and marshalling yards were used to the same extent. The Märzfeld station was only used from 1938, but was never completed.

The Fischbach (near Nuremberg) train station was renewed and significantly expanded in 1940 as part of the construction of the Nazi party rally grounds.

The Dutzendteich train stations and the Märzfeld train station between the Märzfeld and Langwasser camp were also planned as part of the broad-gauge railway project . For example, a broad gauge line was planned coming from Hamburg via the new Nuremberg-Buch train station and further south in the direction of Munich.

SS barracks

Former SS barracks

In the original plan, no SS accommodation was provided for, and it was not until 1936 that the SS made appropriate requests. Franz Ruff was appointed as an architect and a building site on Frankenstrasse was selected. In 1939, the building complex was completed and referred to as the "gateway to the Nazi party rally grounds", although it was on the edge of the site. During the war, radio operators were trained there.

The granite: Broken by concentration camp inmates

Blasting in the quarry of Mauthausen concentration camp, 1941

Granite was sometimes used as a building material for structures such as Great Street . Since this was expensive, the SS set up a granite industry with concentration camp inmates from the Flossenbürg , Mauthausen , Groß-Rosen and Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camps . These camps were set up near granite quarries. A memorial in front of the Lorenz Church reminds of the murderous work in the quarries .

During the war, on April 22, 1945, the swastika was blown away by the Allies on the main grandstand of the zeppelin field.

The area after 1945

After the Second World War , the remaining building materials and rubble were covered with earth; this created the small hills that characterize the Volkspark Dutzendteich , the local recreation area around the Dutzendteich.

The March field was largely unused after 1945. US forces confiscated much of the area in order to set up makeshift ammunition stores in some of the towers. In the 1960s, the site was released for residential development in the new Langwasser district . During this time you could camp there and use the toilets in the towers. The first towers were blown up in 1966.

After 1945 the United States Air Force first used the Great Road as a military airfield . Over time, the huge area then proved to be extremely conveniently located, parking very close to the exhibition center , the stadium and Volksfestplatz . In 1992/93 a renovation was carried out for twelve million D-Marks.

Today, the congress hall is mostly used as a warehouse and the inner courtyard as a storage area, including for the market stalls of the Nuremberg Christmas market and for granite slabs for repairing the Große Straße. When there are high numbers of visitors, such as at the folk festival, it also serves as a parking area. Shortly after the war there were plans to demolish it, and around 1960 to convert it into a football stadium, both of which were not implemented due to the high costs. In 1987 the city council prevented the construction of a shopping center. In the 1980s, the police depot for seized vehicles was also housed there, including the car park of the Wehrsportgruppe Hoffmann . The Nazi Party Rally Grounds Documentation Center has been located in the north of the two head buildings since 2001 , where the history of Nuremberg and its significance for National Socialism from the Weimar Republic to the post-war period is presented. In the southern building, the Serenadenhof who Nuremberg Symphony located. From June 2008 to 2010, the concert hall served the Nuremberg Symphony Orchestra the spectacle of the Nuremberg State Theater as an alternative venue during the renovation of the parent company.

The Nuremberg fair takes place on the square between the congress hall and the Große Straße .

Major events are still held on parts of the site, such as the Rock im Park festival around the stadium , where 1. FC Nürnberg plays its home games. One of the most impressive concerts on the site was Bob Dylan's performance , who sang Masters of War , among other things, on July 1, 1978 in front of around 80,000 visitors opposite the grandstand of the Zeppelin Field. (Organizer Fritz Rau to Bob Dylan: "80,000 mainly Germans turned to you and turned their backs on Hitler.") On May 8, 2015, AC / DC were also guests on the Zeppelin Field. In 1988 the closing service of the Christival took place with 30,000 visitors on the Nazi party rally grounds.

As part of the application for the title of European Capital of Culture 2025 (N2025), the world premiere of Selcuk Cara's adaptation with spoken text of Richard Wagner's "Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg" took place on June 28, 2020 in the building complex of the Congress Hall on the former Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg. In addition to the concept, spoken text and direction, the singer Cara also took on the areas of artistic production management, stage space, lighting design and costume.

Until the opening of the official documentation center, the city tolerated a private exhibition in the stone grandstand at the Zeppelin field , which it later supported. Since the hall under the stone grandstand was not heated, the exhibition had to close in winter. The street circuit known as the Norisring has been located around the stone grandstand since 1947 , and a DTM car race is held here every year .

On April 22, 1945, after a victory parade by the US Army, the swastika on the main stand was blown up from the zeppelin field, which was essentially undamaged during the Second World War. From 1945 on, the US Army created a sports and leisure area for its soldiers and their families on the zeppelin field itself, the so-called Soldier Field . When the US Army withdrew in 1995, it was given to the city of Nuremberg.

At the end of 2007, the Nuremberg town hall reported that the Zeppelin grandstand was in danger of collapsing. Due to the partial demolition of the structure in June 1967 (colonnades) and 1979 (outer towers) and the removal of rubble in the eight staircases accessible from the rear, the structural integrity of the structure was no longer given. In addition, the situation is exacerbated by leaks, as water penetrates through the blasted cover and damage caused by explosions. As an immediate measure, the stairwells were opened in 2008 and cleared of rubble. The back was shielded with grids. At the same time, civil engineering work was also carried out in the rear area of ​​the grandstand system. A seal against ingress of rainwater from above still has to be made.

Further examinations showed that the structural condition of the facility was now very poor. The damage was caused by water that penetrated over decades. The first assumptions from 2008 that the renovation could get by with 20 million euros are outdated. In September 2009, renovation costs between 25 and 50 million euros were named.

Since mid-2009, part of the Zeppelin grandstand has been closed due to the risk of collapse. In September 2009, preparations for the construction work began. In the meantime, costs for a repair of up to 70 million euros have been named in a further forecast. The experts estimate that the repair work will take at least ten to twelve years. The financing of these renovation costs is unclear.

Due to the now very high density of events, a dynamic traffic control system was installed for the entire site from 2002 for around 26.3 million euros, which, after two years of construction, went into regular operation in March 2004 as the most extensive traffic control system in Europe after a successful test phase.

In October 2005, the competition for a new information system on the former Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg was decided in September 2004. The jury selected the proposal from the Nuremberg studio LIPOPP from the competition entries. The site information system is intended to enable interested visitors to independently inspect the former Nazi party rally grounds. The system consists of 23 information points distributed over the entire site . The official inauguration took place on May 25, 2006 ( Ascension Day ).

History demands

"History demands" - Nuremberg wants to become European Capital of Culture in 2025. The singer Selcuk Cara makes a contribution to this with his version of the opera "Meistersinger" by Richard Wagner.

See also

literature

  • History for All e. V. (Hrsg.): Geländebegehung - The Nazi Party Rally Grounds in Nuremberg , Sandberg Verlag, 4th supplemented and updated edition, Nuremberg 2005, 264 pages, ISBN 3-930699-37-0 .
  • Christina Haberlik: 50 classics. 20th century architecture . Gerstenberg Verlag, Hildesheim 2001, ISBN 3-8067-2514-4 .
  • Ingmar Reither: "Words made of stone" and the language of poets. The Nazi party rally grounds as a poetic landscape. (Nürnberger Stadtgeschichte (n) 4, ed. From Geschichte für Alle eV), Sandberg Verlag, Nürnberg 2000, ISBN 3-930699-15-X .
  • Siegfried Zelnhefer: The Nazi party rally grounds of the NSDAP in Nuremberg. Verlag Nürnberger Presse, Nuremberg 2002, ISBN 3-931683-13-3 .
  • CD-ROM: The Nazi Party Rally Grounds - The Nazi Party Rally Grounds. Imbiss-media publishing house, Nuremberg 2004, ISBN 3-938451-00-9 .
  • Eckart Dietzfelbinger, Gerhard Liedtke: Nuremberg - place of the masses. The Nazi Party Rally Grounds - Prehistory and Difficult Legacy. Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 978-3-86153-322-1 .
  • Eckart Dietzfelbinger: Nuremberg. Nazi Party Rally Grounds and Palace of Justice. Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-86153-772-4 .
  • Yvonne Karow. German victim. Cultic self-extinction at the Nazi party rallies of the NSDAP. Berlin, Akademie Verlag, 1997, ISBN 3-05-003140-9 .

Web links

Commons : Nazi Party Rally Grounds  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from February 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kunst.gymszbad.de
  2. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original of July 21, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zeitklick-langwasser.de
  3. ↑ Site information system for the former Nazi party rally site: Wanner restaurant ( Memento of the original from August 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kubiss.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . As of June 10, 2010.
  4. ^ Vorstadtverein Nürnberg Laufamholz - Historical postcards , accessed on February 20, 2013.
  5. ^ A b Christian Kayser, Peter Kifinger: On the building history of the Nuremberg zeppelin field. Threatening backdrop. German construction newspaper . December 16, 2015, accessed November 21, 2017.
  6. ↑ Esmond HL Rodex: The Organ in the Congress Hall, Nuremberg . In: The Organ . October 1951 ( online (PDF; 2.4 MB)). online ( Memento of the original from February 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.walckerorgel.de
  7. ^ Nazi party rally grounds. Luitpoldhain-Luitpoldhalle. In: Buildings in Nuremberg 1933-1945. Arne Marenda, accessed January 9, 2011 .
  8. ^ Adelheid von Saldern: Staged Stolz: City Representations in Three German Societies (1935-1975) , Franz Steiner Verlag, 2005, p. 137
  9. ↑ a b EXTRACT from Michael Gerhard Kaufmann "ORGAN AND NATIONAL SOCIALISM". Musikwissenschaftliche Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Kleinbittersdorf 1997 ( Memento of the original from December 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF). walcker.com. Retrieved December 3, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.walcker.com
  10. ↑ 75 years of the Walcker organ opus 2432. Martin Luther Memorial Church Berlin-Mariendorf ( Memento of the original from December 4, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF). jubal.bplaced.net. Retrieved December 3, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jubal.bplaced.net
  11. ↑ Luitpoldhalle on nuernberginfos.de. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
  12. ↑ Alexander Schmidt: The Nazi Party Rally Grounds in Nuremberg, 5th, completely revised edition, Nuremberg 2017, pp. 35-61, p. 36.
  13. ↑ Photovoltaic system on the roof of the Nuremberg congress hall
  14. ↑ http://www.lostplaces.de/cms/content/view/77/33/
  15. ↑ http://www.angewandte-geologie.geol.uni-erlangen.de/silber00.htm
  16. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.csu-lichtenhof.de
  17. ↑ http://www.nn-online.de/artikel.asp?art=1041229&kat=10  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nn-online.de  
  18. ↑ Article from April 14, 2017 on www.nordbayern.de
  19. ^ Bahnhof Nürnberg-Fischbach (1940). In: BAUZEUGEN Architektur 1933-45: Focus on Nuremberg and Franconia. Arne Marenda, April 12, 2015, accessed October 1, 2019 .
  20. ^ Federal Office for the Recognition of Foreign Refugees (ed.): One building - many names , Nuremberg 2000, ISBN 3-9805881-6-5
  21. ↑ Schieber, M. Nuremberg - an illustrated history of the city. Munich: Beck, 2000.
  22. ↑ Sven Felix Kellerhoff: Nuremberg: We really don't need this Nazi architecture . In: THE WORLD . January 7, 2015 ( welt.de [accessed April 11, 2020]).
  23. ↑ Interview with Ulrich Parzany and Roland Werner
  24. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from April 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / online-service.nuernberg.de
  25. ↑ http://www.nn-online.de/artikel.asp?art=716649&kat=10  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nn-online.de  
  26. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nz-online.de
  27. ↑ http://www.nn-online.de/artikel.asp?art=1056524&kat=120  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nn-online.de  
  28. ^ City of Nuremberg / Finanzreferat (Ed.): Nürnbergs Stadthaushalt 2010 . Slides household contribution 2010. Nuremberg 2009, p. 17 ( PDF, 1.7 MB ).
  29. ↑ The renovation of the Zeppelin grandstand will be a huge task , accessed on October 16, 2009
  30. ↑ City of Nuremberg, Building Department / Building Department, October 2009 - Status report, immediate measures, outlook ( Memento of the original from August 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.0 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nuernberg.de
  31. ^ The Zeppelin grandstand is crumbling , accessed on September 29, 2011
  32. ↑ Motorway Directorate North Bavaria, City of Nuremberg / Economic Department (ed.): Dynamic traffic control system for trade fair / stadium / ARENA . Nuremberg 2004 ( PDF, 665 kB ).
  33. ↑ Award for traffic control system. (No longer available online.) Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, April 2, 2003, archived from the original on January 4, 2015 ; Retrieved January 9, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.archiv.fraunhofer.de
  34. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kubiss.de
  35. ^ Review of Süddeutsche Zeitung, Egbert Tholl, July 1, 2020. https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/oper-geschichte- sucht-1.4954072!amp

Coordinates: 49 ° 25 ′ 26 ″  N , 11 ° 7 ′ 5 ″  E