Mukrena
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Mukrena
City of experts
Coordinates: 51 ° 42 ′ 0 ″ N , 11 ° 41 ′ 0 ″ E
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| Height : | 85 m above sea level NHN |
| Residents : | 240 (May 2, 2006) |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1950 |
| Incorporated into: | Beesenlaublingen |
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Mukrena is a district of Könnern in Saxony-Anhalt . The village is to the right of the Saale opposite the city of Alsleben (Saale) .
location
Mukrena is located in the Harz foreland and thus in the rain shadow of the Harz and suffers from a lack of water. With less than 500 mm annual precipitation, this area registers the lowest precipitation in Saxony-Anhalt . The Saale is only very slightly sunk here. The lower level of the Saale lock in the village is 60.01 m above sea level, and the Radeberg has a height of 102.9 m above sea level. NHN . The name Mukrena comes from Sorbian, mok = wet, in German about wet meadow or wet forest.
history
Early history of the region
King Heinrich I (919–936) divided the newly conquered Slavic territories into Gaue . These areas were to the right of the Saale. These districts were mostly given the names of the Sorbian tribes. The Saalkreis (until 1952) comprised two districts, the Nudzici- and Neletici-Gau with the main towns of the same name Neutz near Wettin and Nehlitz .
The Nudzicigau extended roughly from the northern tip of the Saalkreis, the Pfuhlschen Busch, to the mouth of the Götsche in the Saale. A document from Otto I from 961 names the settlements and castles Vitin ( Wettin ), Liubuhun ( Löbejün ), Sputinesburg ( Rothenburg ), Loponoh ( Laublingen ), Trebonici ( Könnern-Trebnitz ), and Brandanburg (Brinzenburg, Brentin ). In the west, the Gau was bounded by the Saale, and in the north by the old Saalearm Kuhfurt, Strengebach, so that Kustrena , Beesedau , Poplitz and Mukrena lay on the left side of the Saale area and were counted as part of the North Swabian Gau . In the north, the Fuhne created the border from Plötz to Pfuhlschen Busch. The eastern border of the Gau formed a line from Plötz on the Fuhne to the Petersberg and at its eastern foot along the Götsche to its confluence with the Saale.
The northern part of this district between Saale and Fuhne, bounded in the north by Pfuhlschen Busch and in the south by the Könnern Mulde, forms the small Untergau Zitici. His name is still preserved in the Zeitz office - Zeitz house. Mentioned for the first time in a document dated May 4, 945. In this document Tribunice (Trebnitz) is named as the main and cult place of this Untergau region. An Untergau corresponded to a Franconian hundred, which a hundred men capable of weapons had to raise.
This small Untergau like the Untergau Coledici belonged to the Gau Serimunt between Saale, Elbe , Mulde and Fuhne around 937 . The Lordship of Köthen and Dessau developed from the Gau Serimunt. Before that time, it belonged to the Suebengau as a border area . This Gau extended to the left of the Saale and was under the rule of Siegfried . When Siegfried died (937), the famous Margrave Gero became his successor. A Count Christian is also mentioned, Gero's brother-in-law; he had sister Hidda as his wife.
Local history (outline)
Trebunice (Trebnitz) was a royal estate. Already in the document of July 29, 961 (document about Laublingen) the places are mentioned that they are in the Nudzici Gau. The Nudzici Gau disintegrated and the County of Wettin was created. The small Zitici Gau was absorbed in the immediate imperial county of Alsleben . After the death of the last Count of Alsleben, Heinrich I, in 1126, the county came to the ore monastery of Magdeburg in 1128 .
The church gained more and more power. Under the protection of the archbishop, the Neuwerk monastery near Halle (Saale) pursued a significant property policy in the old county. First the monastery acquired the Pregelmühle near Mukrena. On January 6th 1135 it received 16 hooves and farms in Oberitz, 1 farm in Mukrena, 6 acres in Laublingen, 1 farm in Poplitz, everything with accessories of interest etc. 1162–1164 received from the widow of Count Rudolf von Stade-Alsleben there is even Uferland, a mill in Oberitz and Beesedau.
The belligerent church princes of Magdeburg fell more and more into debt. These princes sold and pledged their rich property in the 15th century and the Lords of Krosigk succeeded the Counts of Alsleben. So the village of Mukrena came into the possession of the Krosigk. The place was therefore under noble jurisdiction, but belonged to Saalkreis of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg, the 1680 Duchy of Magdeburg under Brandenburg-Prussian rule came . The enormous holdings of the von Krosigk family were acquired by Prussia and Anhalt as a result of inheritance, waste, lavish living and wastefulness. While Mukrena remained under aristocratic jurisdiction, an inn in the town was sold to Prince Leopold von Anhalt-Dessau in 1747 without affecting Prussian sovereignty. This inn belonged to the “Fürstlich Anhalt-Dessauischen Amt Alsleben” with its seat in the village Alsleben.
With the Peace of Tilsit in 1807, Mukrena was incorporated into the Kingdom of Westphalia and assigned to the Halle district in the Saale department. The place came to the canton of Cönnern . After Napoleon's defeat and the end of the Kingdom of Westphalia, Napoleon's allied opponents liberated the Saalkreis in early October 1813.
When the Prussian area was reorganized after the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Saale was taken as the western border of the newly cut hall circle. Alsleben came to the Mansfelder Seekreis . The so-called “noble” villages of Poplitz , Mukrena and Unterpeißen became state and were given their own administration and were subordinate to the government. They came to the Saalkreis in the administrative district of Merseburg in the Prussian province of Saxony .
By 1780, a dam was built from Gröna to Mukrena at the expense of the Anhalt and Prussian states and the communities involved. In February 1799, residents of Mukrena were settled on the Radeberg due to a flood disaster, which resulted in the "Zweihausen Colony".
On July 1, 1950, Mukrena became a district of Beesenlaublingen, which was incorporated into the town of Könnern on January 1, 2005. The place came through a district reform in the GDR to the district of Bernburg in the district of Halle , which became the district of Bernburg in 1990 and was added to the Salzlandkreis in 2007.
Full history of the place
Sorbian castle and settlement
The story of Mukrena begins around 375. Around this time, Germanic tribes left the eastern part behind the Saale and Elbe and moved west and south. Slavic tribes from Eastern Europe moved to this deserted country and founded settlements, which mostly ended with the suffixes itz, itsch, ük, ow etc. and established a Sorbian empire with the capital Zörbig . The court chronicler Karl the Great , Einhard , wrote about the Limes Sorabicus border : They liked to settle in the vicinity of fish-rich waters, and they were fishing, hunting, trading and farming. To protect their empire, they built castles in swamps and islands such as Mukrena, Phule and Trebnitz, while the Saxons, Thuringians and Franks built their castles on mountains such as Alsleben and Friedeburg .
The Sorbian castle Mukrena was on the Saale, on the site of the current Mukrena garden section, in the former Eichholz. The castle was on an island. The last remains of the castle were removed in 1840 by the clerk Schmidt, tenant of the Poplitz economy, to fill in part of the dam hole and the moat.
The Sorbian castle south of the Bernburg-Torgau line was built in the same way. The basic construction was the shell construction, stones and earth stacked on the front, which could be up to 1 meter wide. At a distance of several meters, the rear of the whale was built using a similar technique. Earth or rubble was poured in between the two walls. So that the pressure of this fill could not force the dry stone walls apart, both walls were connected with wooden anchors. In some cases, palisades were built instead of walls. The castle was the seat of the Lords of Mukrena until the 14th century.
German colonization in the east
1209 appears a Wichmann von Mukrene, he was Marshal of the Archbishop. This name appears in documents in 1220, 1226, 1269, 1274. There was a relationship with the Counts of Mansfeld. The name of the place changed from Mucrene, Muckerene, Mokerene, Mogkerenen, Mokren, Mucrena and now Mukrena.
In a document dated January 6th, 1135, a donation from Count Rudolf von Stade, widow and heir of various goods to the monastery zum Neuen Werk, mentions a farm in the village of Mukrena. Another document mentions 2 hooves and 2 farms in Mukrena.
middle Ages
In the current living area Rosenhagen and Wohnschiff Fabich, nos. 43 and 43a, there was once an inn to the three ends (three ducks). Here was also one of the hall crossings. The route led across the island to the Lyra, over the Alsleben Pfingstanger or Schinderanger, Stichelsburg, Georgenberg to the Kocherbrücke in the village of Alsleben. The last owner sold the inn to the von Krosigk family in 1684. Lorenz von Krosigk-Mukrena converted this area into a noble house and the associated garden into a pleasure garden. Remnants of the walls are still there. The other Krosigk-Mukrena were Eccard Christoph († 1711) and his son Friedrich August († 1767). The Krosigk-Mukrena line died out as there were no heirs. The hospitality of the inn to the three ducks received the ferry yard across from the castle Alsleben. The ferry yard gained in importance. The noble house became a manor and Mukrena had many owners.
In 1400 a Tilo von Dieskau had a farm and a vineyard, a shock of chickens and an income. Kuno von Quartier had a share of 3 coat chickens. Albert and Bethmann Voit 5 farms and 7 individual acres of fields. Von Rotendorf owned two vineyards. Carl von Dieskau purchases goods in Mukrena. Curt von Dieskau bought the village and Ritterlehn, he died in 1471. Mukrena had 10 farms at that time.
In a document dated June 16, 1535, Cardinal Albrecht grants all heirs of the deceased Lorenz von Krosigk in male line the courtyard at Mukrena and the village of Mukrena with courts, rights over neck and hand in the field and in the village, with money, interest, services and with everything its inhabitants.
The village of Mukrena extended roughly where houses 1-6, 7-17, 21 and 42 and the noble house are. In this document an oak wood was also mentioned, it was located between the B 6 and the houses 12, 13 and 42. Furthermore, a water called Brutzschen. Brutzschen is probably the Pritschkenanger east of a large pond and east of the Eichholz, the former school Mukrena, No. 41. Further from a Zartarie (scirta regia, later Zcortrega = devil's river), it was the former water connection between Mukrena and Laublingen where there was a farm (saddle farm).
In the old chronicle of Alsleben, who wrote a bolting, the following is written:
At point 51:
- “ Ao 1585 In this jare, October 30th, the noble, strict and honorable Heinrich von Krosig's second daughter died, the first, Anna Maria, in the night at 10 o'clock, was 12 jar 18 weeks old; the other daughter Catharina was a year young; Both of them were buried in the thum under the towers, whose souls god would be kindness! "
At point 52:
- “ Von Krosig jerks into this jare because his two daughters are dying, from home Alssleben to Haus Wernigken, to the inn in Muckreine, which is the best. Hans Wernicke, who was mayor and town clerk at the same time, now wanted to be rid of his office with his consorts. "
Ferry and ferry yard
According to Bolting's report, Krosigk moved to Mukrena. The Bolting house was the ferry yard. The ferry yard and the ferry belonged closely together. From 1671 onwards, the Krosigk manors Alsleben, Sandersleben , Beesen, Poplitz and Laublingen were involved in the ferry .
In 1575 the ferryman Hans Steglitz was killed by Vollrat von Krosigk-Beesen in the ferry. His journeyman, the tall Lorenz, got away with his life.
From 1775 to 1828 the ferry and the ferry yard were leased. The inn fairness was also connected with the ferry yard , the beer only had to be obtained from the castle brewery Alsleben.
In 1828 Andreas Ackermann bought the ferry yard and ferry with all rights and obligations from Dedo von Krosigk-Poplitz . The businessman Franz Gramm bought everything from Hermann Ackermann in 1854.
In 1890 Gramm jun. the Gasthof zum Fährhof with stables and garden to the mayor Paul Böttcher zu Mukrena. He retained the ferry license and later handed it over to his son-in-law Eskuche. From 1892 the owners of the ferry yard changed frequently. The owners were Schmeil, Wiesner, Hattwich, Kühle, Maye and in 1907 Weimann. The bar ceased around 1950.
On November 10 and 11, 1989, the ferry station was demolished due to the risk of collapse. The demolition took place with three 30 t dumpers and a large grab. The demolition went to Zweihausen to backfill the lyre hall. The ferry yard was very old and was undoubtedly one of the oldest inns in northern Germany.
Halberstädterstraße, Braunschweigerstraße and Leipziger-Halleschestraße converged on the ferry. The road to the ferry and later to the ship bridge led through the grounds of the ferry yard. In the ferry yard there was a barrier to regulate the traffic. The ferry fee was paid at the ferry. Two ferries shuttled between Mukrena and Alsleben until 1867. However, the traffic gradually became so great that the two ferries were no longer sufficient. The then owner of the ferry justice built a ship bridge (pontoon bridge) at this point. As early as 1891 it was confirmed that the pontoon bridge no longer corresponded to the traffic conditions. The annoyance arose every year that the bridge had to be driven down because of the ice and the teams had to make a detour of 30 km via Bernburg.
On August 27, 1907, the observer on the Saale printed the new tariffs for the use of the bridge:
- 3 pfennigs for one person for there and back
- 10 pfennigs for horse or mule
- 10 pfennigs for cattle hooked or in harness
- 5 pfennigs for goats, foals, calves, sheep and pigs
- 3 Pfennig for poultry which is herded up to 10 pieces
- 40 pfennigs for vehicles with 4 or more seats
- 20 pfennigs for vehicles with less than 4 seats
- 60 pfennigs for vehicles without rubber tires
Were exempt:
- Everything that belonged to the court of the royal house.
- Commanding members of the Army and Navy for drafting.
- Public officials and gendarmerie officers.
- Transports for the Prussian state or the German Reich.
- Express, Karriol , riding and foot messenger mail.
- Fire brigades and emergencies to help.
Saale bridge
In 1915 the project of a permanent bridge reappeared. Due to the conditions of the First World War , everything was put aside. In 1920, the bridge owner Eskuche could no longer properly determine the revenue from the bridge toll and renewals did not come into play. Eskuche lived in house number 20. Between 1904 and 1913, a net income of around 10,000 Reichsmarks was made. The community wanted to initiate expropriation proceedings. Eskuche asked for 150,000 Reichsmarks, the community considered 50,000 Reichsmarks to be sufficient. In 1909 Eskuche presented a concrete bridge project. The bridge was to be 138 m long and 7 m wide, in the escape Sonnenstrasse in Alsleben to Mukrena. The bridge would have had a 2 m gradient from the bank to the middle, the height of the passage space for ships should be 4.35 m at medium water levels. According to the drawing, there would be 2 pillars in the hall and one on each bank. The road on the bridge was intended to be 5 m wide and a raised footpath 1 m wide on each side.
It was thanks to the restless efforts of the communities of Alsleben , Mukrena and Beesenlaublingen that the purchase of the ship bridge was funded in such a way that it was expected to come into the hands of the Saal and Mansfeld Seekreis on January 1, 1921. Since the two districts did not agree on the participation figures in time, the Saalkreis, the municipalities of Mukrena and Beesenlaublingen bought the bridge for 135,000 paper marks at the instigation of District Administrator Thiele. The purchase money was waived due to inflation.
In 1927 there was a preliminary project for the construction of the Saale bridge . The groundbreaking ceremony took place on March 25, 1928, and the foundation stone was laid for a reinforced concrete bridge on May 16, 1928. Many unemployed people who came to work and bread took part in the construction. Most of the bridge construction was done manually. The concrete mixed with the shovel and then driven off with the cart.
The ceremonial handover took place on Thursday, December 20, 1928. After handing over the reinforced concrete bridge, the ship's bridge had to be extended immediately on the same night due to the heavy frost. The total cost of the bridge amounted to 900,000 marks, the pure bridge construction 697,000 marks. Whoever used the bridge had to pay the bridge toll, the residents of Mukrena were exempt from paying. The Soviet military government lifted this tariff in 1945. Shortly before the end of the Second World War , the bridge yoke on the Alsleben side was blown up in April 1945. The bridge construction company was Dyckerhoff and Widmann, this same company also built the Beesedau motorway bridge.
A comparison between building and renovating the bridge:
- March 25, 1928 - Groundbreaking ceremony for the concrete bridge
- May 10, 1928 - laying of the foundation stone
- December 20, 1928 - Inauguration of the Saale Bridge
- October 1996 - preparation of the renovation
- March 1, 1997 - Construction of the temporary bridge
- March 27, 1997 - The bridge is closed and renovation work begins
- August 17, 2000 - clearance of the Saale bridge
- September 18, 2000 - Dismantling of the temporary bridge
- April 2001 - end of eviction
Shipping and shipbuilding
The Saale was already navigable in 1152. When the Pregelmühle was built, a weir and a lock had to be in place. Elector Friedrich III. replaced the wooden lock in 1690 with a stone one. A lock with a canal was built in 1850. On December 19, 1939, another large-scale plant, the lock and the expansion of the Saale for 1000 barge ships, was completed in the area of the waterway construction office in Bernburg (Saale) . The lock is 105 m long and 20 m wide. The maximum gradient of the lock is 4.07 m. The structure was completed in three and a half years of work. On August 8, 1939, a fatal accident occurred while building the lock. The worker Hermann Schütze, 62 years old, from Beesenlaublingen fell into the water and drowned.
The ancient Pregelmühle also belonged to Mukrena. It already existed in the 12th century and was a gift from the Lords of Alsleben to the Neuwerk monastery. A document dated March 21, 1212 shows that a Heinrich von Glindenberg, a monastery vassal of Alsleben Castle, had built a mill. In 1785 the mill had 6 grinding, 1 oil and 1 cutting mill gear, in 1825 a barley mill gear was added. The Krosigks sold the mill to Jacob Liebe in 1812, and he also built the house. Then Elias Lange bought the mill. In 1868 the Konrad brothers received the Pregelmühle for 57,000 thalers through bankruptcy.
The Mukrenaer were firmly connected with the Saale shipping. In earlier times the boats had to be pulled upstream by strong men or teams. Downhill was pecked or sailed. The invention of steam power could only be exploited after a chain was laid in the river bed. On September 15, 1884, the chain steamer Saale pulled the first tow upstream. The chain was 105 km long from the mouth of the Saale to Halle. In a report from May 20, 1885 it says: “ When the chain steamer coming from Halle with several barges in tow approached the local pontoon bridge this evening around 6 o'clock, the chain leading the steamer suddenly broke. Due to the force of the resulting shock, the steamer was initially thrown to the side and the rebounding steamer drilled a large leak into the side wall of the same, so that the boat, which was loaded with 1,800 cents, soon sank. Only 32 barrels of cement could be recovered. The boat and cargo are insured ”.
In 1836 a side wheel steamer sailed the Saale for the first time . The first rear-wheel steamers drove as early as 1878. The first were called Pritzerbe and Halle .
On March 17, 1893, the new iron Saale barge with customs lock owned by the ship's owner Hermann Weber from Mukrena began its first voyage. The freight was 7,800 quintals of sugar from Halle to Hamburg. The ship was built at the Hugo Schütze shipyard in Alsleben. At the beginning of the 20th century, Karl Griesreler took over the shipyard from August Jersch in Mukrena. On May 7, 1913, the express freight steamer Leipzig , from the August Mann company from Halle, weighed 3400 quintals on land for inspection at this shipyard . On August 12, 1913, the first iron barge built by this shipyard was launched, the second followed on January 18, 1914 for ship owner Karl Kalbitz from Mukrena.
Some data on the diligence of the shipbuilders: 1967 the passenger ship MS Treptow for 300 passengers. Other ships were Fontane , Köpenick , Friedrichshain , Lichtenberg , Pankow , Richard Wossilow and Prenzlauerberg . All ships were sterndrive . The shipyard was private until 1956, then semi-public and from 1972 publicly owned company (VEB). After the fall of the Wall in 1990, the shipyard came back into private ownership. 58 shipbuilders were partly employed. Mrs. Kloß and Mr. Grunewald took over the shipyard " Karl-Grieseler-Werft Mukrena". Mrs. Kloß took over her father's shares. The order situation was very poor, and many outstanding debts drove the company into bankruptcy in December 1996. With the exception of the slipway, all the machines came to a Dutch scrap company. After the bankruptcy in 1996, the remaining property passed to Karl Radige and Bernd Fischer. Bernd Fischer opened the Fischer company on December 1st, 1996 in Schackstedt in a 20 m² garage. The first employee was Volker Bachmann. On February 1, 1997, the Mukrena shipyard was taken over by the Fischer family. The first work was repairs to the Saalefee , the Ahland and the Bernburg ferry. Over time , the Fischer shipyard has acquired a good reputation.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the ship owners association was formed in Alsleben. From Mukrena the ship owners Emma Bahn, August Jersch, Martin Jersch, Hermann Grieser, Karl Kalbitz, Emil Sturm, August Ulrich, Gustav Weber, Hermann Weber and Robert Weber joined this association. On March 7, 1925, the sailing skipper's examination took place in Alsleben. Karl Baldauf, Heinrich Gast, Hermann Grieser, Paul Heinecke, Edgar Kalbitz, Erich Reimann, Alfred Weber, Richard Raap and Karl Ziege from Mukrena passed the exam. At the same time, the steamship pilot's examination was also taken. It consisted of Mukrena Karl Baldauf, Heinrich Gast and Wilhelm Raap.
In the period from February 26 to March 2, 1906, 41 barges passed the lock. In 1935 64,248 t were transported uphill and 375,433 t down the Saale. Before the Second World War, new penetrations and locks were created for 1000 t ships. It was planned that shipping, from Hamburg to Leipzig, should use the waterways. In this context, the Lyra-Saale was straightened from kilometers 132.6 to 134.3. The kilometer stone 134 from the imperial era is still near House Ritter No. 42b.
In 1893 the Neptun Mukrena Skippers Association was founded. At the foundation festival with flag consecration on January 17, 1899, the speech was given by August Ermisch from Mukrena. The celebration took place in the Fährhof and in the Anker Zweihausen. Shortly before the end of the Second World War, more and more Allied aircraft attacked the inland waterway vessels, which is why the night voyage was sometimes used. The Blauermaß barge (65 m length) and the Breslauermaß barge (55 m length) were permitted on the Saale.
The Saalemaß boats from Karl Kalbitz He 20 (399 t) from Mukrena and Karl Franke He 177 (352 t) from Beesenlaublingen had to transport sugar beet in 1945 on the orders of the Red Army . Due to the effects of the war, reparations to the Soviet Union and obsolescence, shipping on the Saale almost came to a standstill. Before the Lyra-Saale was filled with household and demolition waste and the mud and gravel was washed up by the waterways office, the disused barges of Karl Franke, Konrad Küchler and Willi Weber from Mukrena, Hermann Franke from Beesenlaublingen, Rudi Winterfeld, Schütze and Paul Löchel were removed Alsleben, Kohlmann and Kunze from Nelbe and a shipping company trailer that were lying here, razed to earth - they are lying in the filled-in river bed of the Lyra-Saale.
On December 9, 1945, the ship's auditor Gustav Peter from Mukrena was given the obligation to inspect all ships in service on the Saale or ships in shipyards and to issue the inspection and classification certificates. The Soviet administration demanded that all ships that had sunk as a result of the war should be lifted. The Soviet occupation administration issued the order for the registration of the inland fleet on April 20, 1946. Each ship received a certificate with the following list:
1. Serial No. 2. Name or calibration number of the ship. 3. Location or water district that is currently being driven on. 4. Type of ship. 5. Power in hp. 6. Output in m³ / h. 7. Load capacity in tons. 8. Hull material. 9. Year of construction. 10. Length. 11. Width. 12. Height. 13. Draft with cargo. 14. Draft empty. 15. General techn. Status. 16. Family, name d. Owner, address. 17. Certificate number.
The ship's number had a number, a letter and a three-digit number. The number: 1 = Berlin , 2 = Magdeburg , 3 = Dresden , 4 = Schwerin . The letters that indicate the type of ship: A = barge, B = excavator, D = steamers and tugs, F = ferries, H = auxiliary ships, L = light ships, buoy setters, M = motor boats, P = prams, barges, S = Flushers, W = barges.
The three-digit number was the consecutive registration number. According to the order, this registration number had to be attached to the vehicle as an external registration number, in a blue circle in white color. The height of the numbers and letters were at least 10 cm.
The first lessons began on January 7, 1896 with 43 students at the Alsleben ship's school. Due to the opening of shipping, lessons ended on February 14, 1886. Among other things, the master craftsman Grieseler from Mukrena was responsible for shipbuilding.
The last owner of the MS Herta on the Saale, Manfred Fabich from Mukrena, sold his motor ship and went ashore in October 1999. The ship was 47 m long, 5.44 m wide and could load 346 tons of cargo. Empty it had a draft at the screw of 90 cm. With 346 t, however, 2.12 m loaded. On the Rhine, Mittelland Canal, from Magdeburg to Hamburg and to Berlin, however, there is still a ship that points to the home port of Mukrena at the stern. The TMS (tank motor ship) Ulrike of the ship owner Peter Grunewald will never be able to call at his home port, because it is 80 m long and 9 m wide. It was built in 1971 in Bodenwerder on the Weser . It has a 6-cylinder Deutz engine and a bow thruster of 180 hp. With a deadweight of 1306 t, it has a draft of 2.65 m. The loading space has 1,672 cubic meters.
On August 16, 1982, two passenger ships set off from Mukrena on land voyages. It was the Gera and the Jocketa . The Gera was 41 m long and was to anchor in Saalburg as home port. The Jocketa was 28 m long and was supposed to carry its passengers on the Pöhl dam.
At the request of December 22, 1937, the community of Mukrena wanted to build a river bathing establishment at kilometer 133 in the dead arm of the river Lyra. The bathing establishment was planned with a swimming section of 30 m length and 15 m width and the non-swimmer section of 9 m × 4.4 m with a depth of 1 m. 10 bath cells and a sunbathing area were to be built in the bathing establishment. The approval came on February 9, 1938 from the district president and on May 31, 1938 from the Reich Waterways Administration. The plan did not materialize due to the Second World War.
Flood
The floods should also be reported. Mukrena has flooded once or twice a year. Pastor Samuel Gotthold Lange reported on the flood of 1752 in a report (see Heimatheft 12). This is how the flood of 1799 came about. The Saale was completely frozen over when the weather changed on the night of February 22nd to 23rd, 1799 and the ice quickly thawed. The small dam in Mukrena collapsed and the place was completely flooded and two houses collapsed. The higher protective dam near Poplitz was in danger. On February 25, 1799 this broke on the way from the Pregelmühle to Poplitz. The water stretched to the foothill. The dam hole was created at the dam breach. The owners of the houses that collapsed in Mukrena received construction sites on the Radeberg from Ferdinand von Krosigk , heir of Poplitz, Laublingen, Leau, Gröna and Peißen, district administrator of the Saalkreis. These two houses were the beginning of the Zweihausen colony which belonged to Mukrena. Here in Zweihausen later the inn "Zum Adler" was built, which was then called "Zum Anker". The two collapsed houses of Gast and Walther were in the Angergarten (Schmidt's garden): House Heinrich Gast, No. 17, has the sign HG above the front door, it is also the high water mark from the flood of 1799. House Ackermann-Ermisch, No. 13, also has the watermark from the flood in 1799. On the wall of Haus Schreier, no. 11, there is a stone with the inscription: “Höhe der Saale February 1830”. The watermarks dated December 1, 1939 and July 12, 1949 are affixed in the Weber courtyard, No. 21a.
Battle of Mukrena in 1813
After the collapse of the Great Army, Prussia rose in 1813. The French troops standing on the Elbe and Saale were soon attacked by the allies Prussians and Russians. General Wittgenstein had parts of Bölow's army moved from Magdeburg to Dessau and Koethen. The headquarters of the French were on April 9, 1813 in Staßfurt. On April 13, 1813, small Prussian detachments attacked Bernburg, Alsleben and Wettin. On April 14th the attack was intensified, the Prussians encountered the enemy at Beesen and threw them back on Mukrena. Black hussars and East Prussian fusiliers fought here. The East Prussian fusilier, Michael Kaup, and three unknown French were killed in this battle. In the church book it can be read: “1813 No. 14a, Michael Kaup, Fusilier-Kompagnie des Kapitän v. Hundt, a native of Wiezeskau, Kokernesen office in East Prussia, died on April 14th, 3 pm in the battle near Mukrena and was buried in the local churchyard that same hour ”. On April 17, 1813, a major Rudolphie succeeded in taking Alsleben and building a bridge over the Saale. In the General Staff Works this combat action is referred to as the battle at Mukrena.
Infrastructure history
The district road Mukrena – Beesenlaublingen – Bebitz was converted from a gravel road to a paved road in the years 1858–1860.
After the construction of the county road, the Mukrena school was built. The school opened in 1863. The school had a classroom and an apartment for the teacher. The building site was plan 149a at the pond. It was a wood of 41 a and 10 m² and bordered the county road, which was called Mukrenaer Damm and belonged to the municipality. The mayor Wilhelm Böttcher, who owned the ship and lived in Mukrena No. 41, was fully committed to the construction. Vollrat von Krosigk-Poplitz provided 200 thalers for the construction, for which the Krosigk coat of arms was placed on the outside wall of the school. With the introduction of the school by the mayor Paul Böttcher, the school association with Beesenlaublingen was abolished.
In 1920 the last school hours were in Mukrena and a new school association Alsleben - Mukrena opened. After the Second World War the building was sold. In July 1952 the new community Beesenlaublingen was formed with the districts Beesenlaublingen, Kustrena, Beesedau, Mukrena with Zweihausen and Pregelmühle. All children then went to school in Beesenlaublingen.
The landmark of Mukrena is the gnarled, large peace oak in the middle of Mukrena. After the Prussian-Danish war of 1864 this oak was planted. Every resident of Mukrena had to pour a quarter liter of water into the planting hole.
The Oberpostdirektion von Alsleben had a letter box attached to the ferry yard in October 1887. The residents no longer needed to go to the post office in Alsleben.
The similar houses on the way to the shipyard in a style from the end of the 18th century are the house Eskuche no. 20 and the house Theiles restaurant no. 22. The chronicler Schulze-Gallera reported about this restaurant: “Let's sit up in Theiles old inn at a window, we look over the Saale, over the small shipyard, over the loading bay, over the bridge, over the friendly, pulsating life of the present and think for a few minutes about Mucrena of the old days ”.
On February 2, 1998, pipes were welded together on the Mukrenaer Wiese. The largest pipe was for sewage, a small blue one for drinking water and four brown pipes as a replacement or for the electronics. From Schaperallee No. 2 in Alsleben, at a right angle to Mukrenaer Wiese, came a borehole 10 m below the water level of the Saale. Since rocks were an obstacle, a new hole at 8 m below the water level was successful. The 6 pipes were now laid through this hole. The laying of the pipes continued to Zweihausen and later to Trebnitz then to the Könnern wastewater supply.
In 2002, the residents of Mukrena received a letter from the Environment Agency that Mukrena would not be connected to the sewage network. The homeowners received the request to build a proper sewage treatment plant.
The B 6, on the route between Brücke and Zweihausen, was completely renovated between March and July 2003. During the complete renovation, the road was partly raised by 1 m. This uplift allows the flood to flow directly to Mukrena. The population had protested against this increase without success. The very old pavement came off the complete renovation. In the curve at the former school there was mud at a depth of 3 m.
Population development
In 1750 Mukrena had 28 fireplaces and around 130 residents. They were mostly kossats and cottagers. In 1785 it is reported that Mukrena had 34 fireplaces with 150 inhabitants. There were 10 kossats, 17 cottagers and 2 fishermen. There were cattle: 21 cattle, 8 pigs, 30 sheep. The corridor of the village was 113 1/3 acres of arable land and 23 acres of orchards. The manor included 40 acres of fields and meadows along with 3 horses, 11 cattle, 4 pigs and 30 sheep. In 1828 Mukrena had 35 houses with 198 inhabitants. In 1854 Mukrena had 195 adults and 137 children. 36 heads of household were connected to shipping. In Mukrena there were 27 Ermisch, 19 Thiering, 16 Ackermann, 14 Butzmann, 12 Böttcher and 12 Rössel. In 1865 the parish had 414 inhabitants and the ground floor was 204 acres of arable land, 25 acres of gardens, 64 acres of meadows, 5 acres of pasture and 10 acres of woodland. The net income was 2,652 Taler and 253 Taler land tax and 11 Taler building tax.
Mukrena had
- 1900 329 inhabitants
- 1905 289 inhabitants
- 1912 290 inhabitants
- 1990 283 inhabitants
- In 1996 there were 74 houses in Mukrena and 14 in Zweihausen
Personalities
August Leopold Arnold Ulrich was born on November 15, 1867 in Alsleben. His parents were the skipper Friedrich Ulrich and his wife Charlotte nee Pfeiffer. August Ulrich thoroughly learned the trade of boatmen and campaigned for shipping throughout his life. He lived at Mukrena No. 25.
Ulrich was the mayor of Mukrena for 22 years. Since 1917 he was a member of the official committee of the district of Beesenlaublingen. In the election of the new head of office in the district council of the Saalkreis, head of office August Ulrich von Mukrena became head of office for the Beesenlaublingen area. He worked actively in many functions, for example as an employee of the advance payment association in Alsleben, as chairman of the Schifferkrankenkasse Alsleben and the surrounding area, as a board member, reporting point manager and cashier of the ship owners' association of the Saale boatmen, he was a member of the freight committee Halle / Saale in Bernburg / Saale. Other functions were as supervisory board and chairman of the shipping company of the Saale shipping company Halle-Hamburg, in the examination board of the ship's school in Alsleben, as deputy chairman of the Alsleben-Mukrena gas office school association and as an advisor for the ship's associations Neptun, Sozietät and Undine. August Ulrich died on July 4, 1939.
Community leader or mayor
- from 1820
- - Ermisch, Andreas (Kossat)
- - Schmidt, Gottlieb (ship owner)
- - Kluge, Friedrich (shipbuilder)
- - Böttcher, Wilhelm (ship owner)
- - Böttcher, Paul (timber merchant, ferry owner)
- 1893–1914 - Bestehorn, Karl (farmer)
- 1914–1917 - Bestehorn, Otto (farmer)
- 1917–1939 - Ulrich, August (ship owner)
- 1939–1945 - Ziegler, Rudolf (typesetter)
- 1945–1947 - Keller, Willi (worker)
- 1947–1952 - Knauff, Richard (furniture manufacturer)
From 1952 Mukrena came to Beesenlaublingen and from the Saalkreis to the Bernburg district through the regional reform. In the coat of arms of the municipality of Beesenlaublingen, the anchor has been incorporated as a symbol for shipping.
The anthem of Mukrenaer
- Where the soil bends and bends
- And take their Weech to the Elbe,
- there lies all of it in the corner
- a little nest, that's called Mukrene.
- There is something foarzy on houses,
- And if you don't want to believe, you guess.
- The men are all sailing,
- en Women stay faithful at home.
- We keep house and garden,
- and de Kinner have to wait too.
- But then the skipper comes back
- there is great happiness at home.
- He brings his pockets full of money
- a lot of what voch zons can do
- Where Arwet gives there is courage,
- high leve the mucrean blood.
swell
- Schulze-Galléra's literature was used in the introduction to Mukrena an der Saale.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://geodienste.bfn.de/flussauen/#?centerX=3686081.955?centerY=5733279.795?scale=10000?layers=20483 . Accessed May 1, 2019
- ↑ Certificate No. 231 in: Theodor Sickel (Ed.): Diplomata 12: The documents Konrad I., Heinrich I. and Otto I. (Conradi I., Heinrici I. et Ottonis I. Diplomata). Hanover 1879, pp. 316-317 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
- ↑ Certificate No. 65 in: Theodor Sickel (Ed.): Diplomata 12: The documents Konrad I., Heinrich I. and Otto I. (Conradi I., Heinrici I. et Ottonis I. Diplomata). Hanover 1879, p. 146 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
- ↑ Alsleben in the Saxony-Anhalt Wiki ( memento of the original from August 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mukrena in the book "Geography for All Estates", p. 131
- ↑ Alsleben in the Saxony-Anhalt Wiki ( memento of the original from August 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ The Alsleben office in the book "Geography for all Stands", p. 129
- ^ Description of the Saale Department
- ^ The hall circle in the municipality register 1900
- ↑ History of Beesenlaublingen ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Mukrena on gov.genealogy.net
