Poplitz

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Poplitz
City of experts
Coordinates: 51 ° 42 ′ 57 ″  N , 11 ° 41 ′ 9 ″  E
Height : 65 m above sea level NN
Residents : 140  (Dec 31, 2005)
la maison de Poplitz
Poplitz Castle
Poplitz Palace around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

Poplitz is a district of the town of Könnern in Saxony-Anhalt . The place was part of the independent municipality Beesenlaublingen until January 1, 2005 and is located on the right of the Saale . Federal Autobahn 14 crosses the Saale immediately north of Poplitz .

history

The old village of Poplitz, which became desolate in the 15th century, had 18 Hufen and 18 farms. The Archbishop of Magdeburg only had 4 yards and 4 Hufen, while Anhalt-Bernburg had 14 yards and 14 Hufen. In the Middle Ages , the von Krosigk lords of the county of Alsleben . The county extended in the north to Kustrena - Unterpeißen , in the east to Leau - Ilbersdorf , in the south to Zellwitz-Ilewitz and in the west to Schackstedt -Piesdorf.

The name Poplitz comes from Sorbian (popel = ash), so the translation would be Aschenort. Prince Christian II of Anhalt-Bernburg enfeoffed the heirs of the full council of Krosigk with the goods on January 19, 1630 (Plötzkauer Amtshandelsbuch 1586–1589). Before this time it was the ancestral home of a noble family of the von Poplitz family. A Hans von Poplitz was from 1473 to 1480 mayor (judge, executor) in Halle . About the last one from Poplitz, Markus, it is reported that he owned a farm in Poplitz with 9 hooves, meadows, tree gardens and 3 Werder (a Werder is an island), as well as the boat ferry across the Saale to Alsleben . According to Markus, a Tilo von Knebel (or von Knobln) acquired these lands, which he sold to Lorenz von Krosigk († 1534) in 1522 .

Lorenz von Krosigk, the only son of Heinrich von Krosigk († 1487), inherited the County of Alsleben from his father and bought the neighboring Beesen manor from Tilo von Knebel in 1522 in addition to Poplitz and Laublingen . Poplitz incorporated Lorenz into the county of Alsleben. It remained part of this county until Heinrich von Krosigk sold it to his liege cousin Vollrad von Krosigk († 1626) in 1612 . Vollrad's father Vollrad von Krosigk († 1597) was the only son of Vollrad von Krosigk († 1545), the founder of the Beesen family estate and the youngest son of Lorenz von Krosigk. Vollrad junior was now the heir to Beesen, Kustrena , Peißen , Bebitz , Trebitz , Gröna , Lebendorf , Leau , Poplitz with Laublingen and Pregelmühle. Vollrad's son Vollrad Ludolf von Krosigk (1620–1671) divided the property between his three sons:

  • Vollrat Busse (1654-1719) received Beesen Castle (Altbeesen) and half of the land with fiefs and interest.
  • Bernhard Friedrich (1656–1714) took over Poplitz with Laublingen and level mill and Plötzkau with Gröna.
  • Levin August (1658–1686) received the newly built house (Neubeesen 1596) with the other half of the land with fiefs and interest.

The second son, Bernhard Friedrich, is thus the progenitor of the Poplitz line and the descendants called themselves Herren auf Poplitz. Bernhard Friedrich had the current castle built in 1671 on the foundations of the old manor house. According to an old legend, there was never a nunnery here. From the old building he had the corner stone known as the Popelmännchen inserted into the northern corner pillar. The Magister (teacher and master) Peter Kolbe was commissioned with the construction. The castle is a two-story, cube-shaped house. A single high roof, with a gallery for observing the stars, covered the building, which possibly also extended over a former inner courtyard. The four wings were expanded to become a lodging and living room, a knight's hall , etc. On the first floor were the large cellars, servants' apartments, kitchen and pantries. He had the park laid out, the famous avenue of lime trees, the yew hedges; everything in the style of its time.

Furthermore, Bernhard Friedrich von Krosigk took care of the elderly of his serfs and had the hospital built for twelve people in 1689. He put on a mortgage to keep the hospital safe. The first residents were: a 57-year-old invalid who was also a cantor, an 80-year-old forage cutter of the estate, a 90-year-old former carpenter from Laublingen, an old carpenter who was begging, a 70-year-old widow, still a widow with her 18 year old son, a widow from Peißen, an old shoemaker and his wife and the mother of a citizen of Alsleben. The residents of the Spittel who died were buried in the church in Poplitz. The inmates received their food and drinks from the castle's kitchen twice a day, and makeshift clothing every two years. In the hospital there was prayer every morning, noon and evening. The prayer lessons were conducted by an inmate who knew how to read and write. This inmate had to keep logs daily and distribute the bread, for which he received 3 thalers. The pastor was appointed as inspector with the manager of the property. The inauguration took place on July 18, 1689, at 3 p.m. The inauguration was carried out by Bernhard Friedrich's sisters, Sophie Elisebeth and Eleonore von der Schulenburg. The hospital lecturer had to teach the children of Poplitz at the same time.

In 1690, Duke Anton Ulrich von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel authorized Bernhard Friedrich von Krosigk to Haag . Bernhard Friedrich dealt with astronomical and ethnological studies. He had an observatory built in Arkhangelsk and commissioned his master's degree Peter Kolbe to go to Cape Land in South Africa from 1705 to 1712. An observatory was also built here on the Cape of Good Hope . He should also conduct ethnographic research on the Khoi Khoi . In contrast to most of his contemporaries, racist behavior towards the locals was alien to him. In the exhibition "Georg Schmidt and the Khoi-Khoi" in November 1987 in the Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden , the ethnographic description of Magister Kolbe, which he had compiled in South Africa on behalf of Krosigk, was shown.

In old age Bernhard Friedrich von Krosigk took over the property of the Free Glory in Ober-Yssel in Holland. After his death, his son Rudolf August took over the possession of Poplitz († 1739). Then his son Bernhard August (* 1735), who died as a child. Rudolf August's brother, Heinrich von Krosigk (1700–1746), on Gröna, took over the Poplitz line. Then his son Ferdinand Anton (1743–1805). This was district administrator of the Saalkreis , Alsleben was one of them at the time. Laublingen with Pregelmühle, Peißen, Gröna with Leau and Groß Böhla in Saxony belonged to the Poplitz estate . He later bought Beesedau from his cousin Karl Eschwin von Krosigk . Ferdinand Anton was married to Dorothea Luise von Cramm from Braunschweig. In order to bring their property from Braunschweig, which was foreign, to Prussia, he needed the permission of Frederick the Great . The marriage had 14 children. 6 sons and 4 daughters remained alive. There were Dedo as heir to the major, Heinrich Ferdinand ("the bad Baron von Krosigk", based on the novel by Paul Schreckenbach ; married to Friederike von Schurff), Ludwig (major in the war of liberation), Ernst (lieutenant general), Friedrich (inherited Groß Böhla) District President from 1841 to 1848 in Merseburg , Anton (received Gröna), Friederike Anna (married Friedrich Lebrecht von Trotha ), Charlotte (unmarried), Antoinette (controversial person, married von Einsiedel), she was the lady-in-waiting for her brother Heinrich. Pastor Moldenhauer fell in love with Antoinette. He later took over his father's pastoral position in Unterpeißen.

Ferdinand Anton had three small two-story wings added to the castle and built the grain floor, which resulted in the manor and farmyard. For his serfs he built the Poplitzer row with a chestnut avenue. After the floods of 1799, a dam was built in the park, which created the small ponds in the park. He died on July 7, 1805. His body was buried in the tower of the church in Laublingen. Dedo and Heinrich Ferdinand jointly took over the inheritance of around 1200 acres of fields, 200 acres of meadows, 150 acres of forest (Zinkenbusch, Beesedauer Busch, Saaleufer, Weidholz, Reinhardsbusch, Pritschke and Erdküte), 100 acres of Solweiden, 100 acres of plantations, Hutungen and surrounding areas as well 50 acres of park and 4 gardens. An economic manager was responsible for the fields, a hunter for bushes and plantations, and the court master Kupfernagel for the farm yard. Master Winterfeld managed the brick factory. There was also a sheep master, a groom Johann Leberecht Butzmann, a swineherd Schmidt, a blacksmith Becker, a wheelwright Fink and a gardener. 17 thresher lived in the row. The servants in the castle were a coachman, a cook and a housemaid.

From 1806 to 1813 Poplitz was heavily burdened by French billeting. A compulsory loan of 30,000 thalers had to be provided to the Kingdom of Westphalia . Dedo was government councilor in Halberstadt and later district administrator of the Saalkreis. In 1818 he bought the Edelhof in Mukrena from one of Röder. In 1840 the property was granted an inheritance dignity (honorary office of the head of the ducal court) in the Duchy of Magdeburg . Dedo died on March 21, 1857.

Vollrat von Krosigk , the son of Dedo, was born on May 31, 1819. In 1847 he took over the property from his father on a lease basis. He introduced English agricultural machinery and implements into the economy, as well as new seeds and cattle breeds. For his progressive project he was looking for practically competent inspectors. Some are known, they were Lehnicke, Maaß, Neumann and Wohlfahrt. Poplitz was developed as a model economy. Many young farmers learned exemplary agriculture in Poplitz . In 1865 a full councilor became a Prussian chamberlain.

After Vollrat had returned from the French war in 1871 , he had the French garden at the hospital based on the French model, in which only pome fruit trees and peaches were planted. The old gardens were also gradually replanted as described above. Until his death on August 18, 1889, the Poplitz Gardens were true model gardens, a training institute for all fruit growers, not just for the surrounding area, but also for the entire province of Saxony and the State of Anhalt. Here the fruit growers got the noble vines free of charge and tried to increase their knowledge. At the suggestion of Vollrat von Krosigk, the provincial fruit model garden was created in Diemitz near Halle. After Vollrat von Krosigk-Poplitz's death, Pastor Friedrich tried to further promote fruit cultivation in Trebnitz by planting orchards and had brilliant results.

In 1880 he became a real privy councilor and chairman of the provincial parish and provincial committee. He was well disposed towards the industrial development of Ernst. He succeeded in ensuring that the outflow from the spirit factory was no longer directed into the Kuhfurt. The width of the courtyard was incorporated from Poplitz to Beesenlaublingen. He campaigned for the Elbe-Weser canal connection, which was worked out by the ship's director Gustav Baumeier from Alsleben. The Mukrena –Bebitz road through Beesenlaublingen was paved, the Beesenlaublingen – Beesedau field path over the Pfingstanger was built, the Braunschweigerstraße ( B6 ) was relocated on the Radeberg and paved to Könnern . The customs district road to the Anhalt border was laid out and Schmiedegasse was paved. In honor of his first deceased wife, he set up the Elisabeth Foundation with 1200 thalers. Every year two students received the interest from this foundation. He donated 200 thalers for the construction of the Mukrena school in 1863. He had the western part of the Radeberg planted with bushes, larches, firs, etc. When he died on August 18, 1889, he was mourned by all walks of life.

Vollrat's second son, Anton (1858–1919) took over the inheritance. Anton built the steam brick factory in Poplitz. Many unfortunate strokes of fate struck him, so that he leased the family estate for 18 years. After the lease, the farmer Johannes Kiesel returned the Poplitz estate. Since Anton von Krosigk died on October 20, 1919, the Poplitzer line was extinct. The property was managed by the von Krosigk-Düngeda family.

On February 27, 1928, the farmer Fritz von Krosigk took over the property. For the time being his residence was still in Seeburg . In 1930 he moved to Poplitz. The first social measures were that the workers' houses, the so-called row, had to be renewed, part of which he had demolished and replaced in the southern part of the row. In 1936, numerous von Krosigk families came together for a family day in Hohenerxleben for the first time . The main concern was the consecration of a simple memorial to eight family members who died in World War I. An inscription says that 34 Krosigks were in the army from 1914 to 1918. The senior of the family was the admiral a. D. Günther von Krosigk . He was buried in 1938 between the mausoleum and palace in Poplitz. In 1939 the castle was rebuilt and it was supplied with electricity. The Landdienstheim was also built. On November 1, 1928, Poplitz was dissolved as an estate district and incorporated into Beesenlaublingen , on the same day it happened with the Neubeesen domain.

The Poplitz estate was expropriated by the land reform in 1945, the Fritz von Krosigk family had to leave the castle and moved to Hamburg . Fritz von Krosigk died on September 10, 1956 in Hamburg-Klein Flottbek .

Poplitz had its own school until 1878. As a result of the illness and retirement of the teacher Liebau, the children started school in Beesenlaublingen on December 9, 1878, subject to annual notice.

The Poplitz Castle was sold and renovated privately after 1990.

Rain station Poplitz

Amount of precipitation
in Poplitz 1911–1920
1911 189 mm
1912 462 mm
1913 353 mm
1914 549 mm
1915 465 mm
1916 435 mm
1917 337 mm
1918 504 mm
1919 402 mm
1920 304 mm

Precipitation in the form of rain, snow, dew, etc. is the main factor or supreme doer in agriculture . The rain gauge was used to measure the precipitation. The most famous one by Professor Helmann is used all over the world. The station in Poplitz had three of them; two with 200 cm² and one with 100 cm². 1 mm means 1 liter of water on 1 m² area. The snow, sleet, etc. were thawed in a warm room and the water measured. At the Poplitz station, a large and a small rain gauge were about 1 m apart and the edges of the collecting areas were 1 m above the surface of the earth. A board measuring 30 × 55 cm was placed horizontally on the ground next to the pillar of the rain gauge. The snow that fell on this board was gouged out with the upper half of the rain gauge, which was then thawed and measured. Poplitz is located in the arid regions with around 424 mm of precipitation compared to the Alps with 2600 mm. Sugar beet thrives very well in arid regions with plenty of sunshine. The length profile from Brocken to Oberröblingen or Brocken to Poplitz is approximately 100 km. The following rain stations were on this route:

Height above sea level Precipitation
Chunks 1141.2 m 1637 mm
Peat house 800 m 1538 mm
Schierke 620 m 1153 mm
Braunlage 565 m 1129 mm
Hasselfelde 450 m 722 mm
Wippra 215 m 566 mm
Eisleben 120 m 494 mm
Oberröblingen 94 m 430 mm
Poplitz 65 m 424 mm

These were the average measurements from 1910 to 1940. A watershed forms from Friedeburg to Gröna, because the thunderstorms and rain clouds that come from the Harz Mountains discharge almost without exception between the Harz Mountains and the Saale. The Poplitz area then only gets the wind and storm. To the left of the Saale there are large downpours, for example in Helmsdorf , Heiligenthal , Schackenthal , Schackstedt , Gerbstedt , Belleben and in the valley villages. In Poplitz only a few millimeters were measured during these disasters. The year 1911 brought only 189 mm of precipitation. By contrast, July 1914 produced 189.5 mm. The rainiest year was 1906 with 567 mm. February 1929 was the coldest month in 160 years at −31 ° C. On July 15, 1928 it was 35 ° C in the shade and 46 ° C in the sun. In connection it should be mentioned that February 1866 was the only month without a full moon . A similar process will only repeat itself in two and a half million years. The rain station was abandoned after the Second World War .

Sons and daughters of the place

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Extracts from the family history of Krosigk: Lorenz
  2. ^ A b Excerpts from the family history of Krosigk: Poplitz
  3. ^ Excerpts from the Krosigk family history: Vollrath
  4. ^ Excerpts from the Krosigk family history: Beesen
  5. ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 , pp. 533 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ^ In Pregelmühle, later General and Knight's Cross bearer Gerhard Conrad was born

Web links

Commons : Poplitz  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files