Schanzberg fortification section

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Schanzberg fortification section
Photo-request.svg
Image wanted BW
Alternative name (s): Wallburg Schanzberg
Creation time : Early medieval
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: Wall and wall remains preserved
Place: Oberwiesenacker
Geographical location 49 ° 17 '42.2 "  N , 11 ° 37' 13.1"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 17 '42.2 "  N , 11 ° 37' 13.1"  E
Height: 560  m above sea level NHN
Section fortification Schanzberg (Bavaria)
Schanzberg fortification section

The Schanzberg section fortification , also known as the Schanzberg ring wall , is located in the Oberwiesenacker district of the Upper Palatinate town of Velburg in the Neumarkt district in the Upper Palatinate . The ring wall on the Schanzberg is located on a plateau that rises slightly to the north and juts out like a spur to the south, it is located about 1150 north-northeast of Oberwiesenacker and 400 m northeast of Unterwiesenacker on the Schanzberg.

description

On a slightly inclined height surface, a wall 7–12 m wide and partly 2 m high encloses an area of ​​145 × 70 m. A ditch that is only faintly recognizable is presented on the northern narrow side. On the other sides, the wall follows the upper edge of the steep slope. In the south-west there is a weak sloping ditch. In the interior of the northern third there are still minor remains of the wall, the area is desolate.

The rampart stands on a location overlooking the surrounding area, with a wide view over the upper valley of the Schwarzen Laber . The limestones of the White Jura and bizarre rocks form the highest parts of the Schanzberg. Almost all of the early fortifications along the Schwarzen Laber had a line of sight to each other, so from the Buchberg wall near Parsberg in the west there was a direct line of sight to the Adelburg , but also to the Wolkersberg near Mantlach and from here to the Schanzberg near Oberwiesenacker. This allows the conclusion that the residents of the ramparts could have communicated with each other with smoke signals in the event of danger.

Ringwall Schanzberg in Oberwiesenacker after Armin Stroh (1975)

history

The Schanzberg is only separated from the Burgstall Hofberg, which is only a good 350 m west, in lower terrain, by a small valley cut (Mühlbachtal), so that there seems to be a direct relationship to each other. Typologically it is assessed as an early medieval complex. The assumption that this facility was abandoned and later replaced by Hofberg Castle does not necessarily have to be correct, at least in part both facilities may have existed in parallel in the late Middle Ages.

The facility appears to have been built in two phases. In the first, the almost semicircular core castle was built in the south, the north end of which today forms a badly collapsed wall. This first ring wall was preceded in the north by a largely leveled trench, in its western part still legible in the terrain. This relatively small fortification with an inner area of ​​0.6 hectares was extended to the north at a later date. For this purpose, the northern part of the ramparts was largely removed, which can be seen from its significantly poorer preservation compared to the other ramparts. To the north, a new, semicircular wall was built at the highest point of the ridge (582.5 m above sea level), which was significantly higher than the older wall sections in the west, south and east. Its flanks were also sloping more steeply and also protrude more than before the inner surface. The wall crown has a stone installation, which can also be called a wall. To the north and northeast, this extension was also secured against the ridge by a trench. The access was at least in the more recent expansion phase in the northeast of the facility, in the seam area between the older fortifications and the newly added rampart.

In contrast to the Hofberg castle stable, only a few reading finds have been made on the Schanzberg ; archaeological excavations are still pending. After all, some sherds come from the western rampart of the older, southern part of the complex, which, together with prehistoric sherds and two silices, make a thin settlement of the ridge in the Bronze or Hallstatt Age appear conceivable. The stone installations in or on the ramparts, the partially existing slope ditch, the ramparts added to the steep slopes and the more recent expansion phase in the north indicate an early medieval, Carolingian-Ottonian development of the defense system.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Schanzberg near Oberwiesenacker on the homepage of the city of Velburg, accessed on April 13, 2020.
  2. ^ E. Olav : The prehistoric ring wall on the Buchenberg near Parsberg (2008) , accessed on April 13, 2020
  3. ↑ Christian Later, 2013, p. 115.