Lutzmannstein castle ruins

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Lutzmannstein market with castle ruins and castle around 1800

The current Lutzmannstein castle ruins (also called Leutmannstein ) are the remnants of the former Lutzmannstein castle , which was the center of the Lutzmannstein rule in the Upper Palatinate . The castle stood on a hill next to the also dialed now St.-Ottilien Chapel ( 49.26849 °  N , 11.74023 °  O donated to the mid-15th century by a gentleman of Nothaft); both were destroyed in the Thirty Years War . The castle, built around 1730 at the foot of the castle hill, was a successor to Lutzmannstein Castle . The place Lutzmannstein , until 1849 the seat of a second class patrimonial court , was evacuated by the population in 1951 when the Hohenfels military training area was expanded and used as a target point for target practice from 1953. After the first bombardment, the place and castle burned for four days, after which the castle was largely destroyed.

history

Lutzmannstein was probably founded around the middle of the 12th century by Adalbert Lutzmann , who came from the Babonen family or from a branch of the lords of Prunn, Laber and Breitenegg . From 1260 he called himself Albertus de Luitzmanstein , which refers to the establishment of the Lutzmannstein Fortress . The Lutzmannsteiners were ministerials to the dukes of Bavaria. Adalbert von Lutzmann was enfeoffed with the Bailiwick of Nittenau by the diocese of Bamberg until 1269 . After the death of Adalbert V. Lutzmann , Lutzmannstein fell back to Duke Ludwig II of Bavaria in 1268 or 1269 . The castle became the seat of ducal officials and, according to the house contract of Pavia, remained with the Duchy of Upper Bavaria . In 1267 a Stephan von Kemnath is mentioned on Lutzmannstein, Hohenkemnath and Rosenberg. In 1360 Ulrich Zenger is the caretaker and pledge holder of Lutzmannstein, in 1389 Hans Zenger zu Tannstein declares the pledge ended. In 1397 the dukes of Stephan III pledged it . , Johann II. , Ludwig VII. And Ernst the rule Lutzmannstein against a pledge of 4000 guilders, granting of the redemption right and perpetual opening to Altman Kemnather , who was district judge in Amberg in 1402 and in Sulzbach in 1403–1412. In 1403 it appears as the feudal owner of the castle. In 1420 Friedrich Kemnather declared a feudal lapel against Duke Johann .

In 1428, debts forced the descendants of Friedrich Kemnather to sell the castle and its affiliations for 5000 Rhenish guilders to Count Palatine Johann von Pfalz-Neumarkt . In 1432 he left Lutzmannstein to the royal supreme captain in front of the forest, Heinrich V. Notthracht von Wernberg . In the following year he was by the dukes Ernst and Wilhelm III. enfeoffed by Bavaria-Munich , to which the fief rights to Lutzmannstein had been granted as a result of the Bavarian division of 1392 . In his will of January 23, 1440, Henry V considered his middle son Henry VI. including the castles and court brands Aholming , Eckmühl and Lutzmannstein. In 1460 Heinrich VI compared himself . with his sons Kaspar I. and Heinrich VII. because of the death of their mother, Margaretha, geb. Countess von Ortenburg , due inheritance. Heinrich the Younger seems to have received Lutzmannstein Castle and an annual gilt of 300 guilders. In 1469, Kaspar I had died in the meantime, there were again errors because of the legacy of Margaretha Notthracht . Instead of the bequeathed 300 guilders, Heinrich VII now received the tithe in Laaber from his father , but this tithe was to fall back into the common hereditary estate after his death together with Lutzmannstein Castle. In 1466, Heinrich VII joined the Böckler League . Henry VI. died in 1471 and was buried in the Carmelite monastery in Straubing . 1482 is Heimeran III. owns half of the castle, the other half belongs to his half-brother Henry VII ; the latter also acquires the other half, so that afterwards the whole of Lutzmannstein was again in one hand. After the death of Henry VII († 1487), his sons Kaspar II and John VI shared . the paternal property. In 1490 Kaspar II and his mother Barbara sold their share in Lutzmannstein, which they had previously given to Hans VI. had bought to knight Heinrich Notthracht "with the meal" on Runding , but both of them continued to live here. Like Heinrich, Kaspar II was a member of the Löwlerbund with the meal on Runding . On September 12, 1504, he fought in the Landshut War of Succession in the Battle of Wenzenbach on the side of Duke Albrecht IV. For his bravery he was knighted by Emperor Maximilian I. With the Cologne verdict, the emperor ended the Landshut succession dispute on July 30, 1505 and the Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg was established for the prince sons Ottheinrich and Philipp , to which Lutzmannstein belonged from then on. After the death of Kaspar Notthracht († 1520), his son Christoph Joachim took over the inheritance from his father. His cousin Anna , daughter of Hans VI. Notthaff von Wernberg, had married the Episcopal Bamberg and Palatinate-Neuburg Privy Councilor Hans Joachim Stiebar von Buttenheim in Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate in 1538 . After the death of Christoph Joachim († 1547) asked the guardians of his sons Heinrich and Kaspar III. with Emperor Charles V governor in Neuburg , the wrath of Bullach , for renewed enfeoffment with Lutzmannstein. In the course of the inheritance dispute, half of the Lutzmannstein lordship fell to her aunt Anna and her husband Hans Joachim Stiebar . He bought the rest of it from Kaspar III in 1566 . Notth Jetzt von Wernberg (whose sister was the first wife of Anna Nothphia von Wernberg des Hans Joachim; in his second marriage he was married to Katharina von Wenckheim , after whose death she married Hans von Rottenhan zu Rentweinsdorf ).

Lutzmannstein Castle was administered by carers during the time, as Hans Joachim Stiebar (* March 29, 1513, † August 28, 1585) was a burgrave at the mountain fortress Rothenberg near Schnaittach . The following are named as carers for Lutzmannstein: Jörg Grosmann , Anton Schmauß , Klement Stainhaus (1575), Ulrich Dollnstainer (1577) and Sebastian Gulden , Rothenhan caretaker at Luzmannstein (1623).

The nurses sometimes had to push through the interests of their master with a hard hand, so nurse Grosmann wrote the following to his master in Buttenheim on August 20, 1555:

“The Hohenfels (Electoral Palatinate) nurse, 'Leonhard von Kemnath', had returned to the“ Hohenfelser Hof zum Schenken ”in the parish sanctuary. At the beginning of the dance, the young journeymen set up two pipers to play. But the Hohenfels residents had brought two pipers with them, and they got rid of the other two. The servant - from the Palatinate - had the church consecrated peace with a fine of 10 fl. This was reported to the Hohenfels nurse. This nurse left the Hohenfels court and removed the Lutzmannstein servant. He wanted to follow out of fear, but the locals called him back to his place of work. The nurse then grabbed him and shook him back and forth, cursed and yelled at him to teach the Lutzmannstein nurse. Two men from outside came running. The Hohenfels servant wanted to seize them, but one of the journeyman ran into Friedl's estate under the Lutzmannstein rule. The servant ran after him (that is, he crossed the required border of the land) and took his defenses away from him. The Hohenfels keeper insisted on electoral Palatinate church fair protection. The Hohenfels residents forcibly took the strange journeyman with them and led him to the Hohenfels court. They wanted 10 fl from him as a fine; after all, they only asked for a thaler. But since he didn't have that, the Hohenfels nurse had him entangled. Then he shot repeatedly in the air, rode up to Lutzmannstein and shot there too. The Lutzmannsteiner nurse listened to him and made a note of the Palatinate's right to parish fair protection in Kircheidenfeld. But his report to the Neuburg government did not prove him right; because there one read: “The electoral Palatinate is entitled to the church consecration protection in Kircheidenfeld!” So ​​Jörg Grosmann had to be instructed “obediently” and recognize the Palatinate law. Eight months had passed from the church fair in August 1555 to the Neuburg reply. "

In 1621 Hans Veit Stiebar , a son of Pancratz Stiebar , owned the Lutzmannstein estate. After the Battle of White Mountain November 8, 1620, Bavarian troops moved into the Upper Palatinate. Hans Veit Stiebar gave his orderly in Lutzmannstein the order to “take into account the current troubles of the war so that during the night at least two compatriots are employed and kept as reliable vigils at Thor Castle, alternately as in Marcktfleckhen and all the villages. If something happens, they should give a loess shot from the castle as a sign that everyone with a defected weir wants to come to Lutzmannstein ... ” . In 1628 the caretaker received the order "all the time from Lutzmannstein Castle, neither powder nor bley available" to buy at least one hundredweight of coarse powder and two hundredweight of lead as a supply. On March 1, 1633 Lutzmannstein was handed over to the imperial and Bavarian lieutenant colonel Hans Jakob von Voit († April 23, 1633). The mercenaries and officers quartered in the market and in the castle had to be paid and fed by the manor. At the instigation of Albrecht Schenk von Staufenberg , the Episcopal Regensburg nurse in Hohenburg , Lutzmannstein was completely plundered. In the further course of the war, the Nuremberg dragoon captain Georg Endres Imhpf and his squadron moved into Lutzmannstein, then again imperial troops followed under Colonel Manteuffel . In the course of the fighting, the old "Veste Luzmanstein and at the same time the registry there with all the documents went up in smoke" .

The Hans Veit Stiebar remained of his 13 children only son Joachim Ludwig left; he sold the destroyed castle and the Hofmark Lutzmannstein in 1662 together with his cousin Georg Pankraz Stiebar to the Palatinate-Neuburg Privy Council and Hofrat President Franz Wilhelm von Gise auf Sinningen and Seibersdorf († 1675). His descendants built a new castle in the market at the foot of the castle hill around 1730; the castle was left to itself. Heinrich Andreas Freiherr von Gise zu Luzmannstein, Sinningen and Seiboldsdorf is named in 1705 as a benefactor of the Neuburg Congregation for Our Lady of Sorrows . Baron Philipp Wilhelm von Gi (e) se (* 1753), electoral Bavarian treasurer and former state director, was the last of his line. In 1805 he adopted the Legation Councilor Friedrich August Freiherr von Koch auf Teublitz , whose descendants owned the Lutzmannstein Castle until 1916. The Hofmark Lutzmannstein-Allersburg is dissolved under the von Giese in 1849, the local patrimonial jurisdiction ended in 1848. The sister of Philipp Wilhelm was Maria Anna Hildegard von Giese and Lutzmannstein (* 1745, † 1825 in Holzen); she was the last abbess of the Holzen monastery and had to leave it in 1802 after its abolition.

Local newspaper from the district of Neumarkt Oberpfalz 1830 with Lutzmannstein
Castle gate of the gatehouse of Lutzmannstein Castle

Recent history of Lutzmannstein Castle

In 1916, the royal Bavarian Forest District bought the Lutzmannstein estate, which mainly consisted of forest. The upper floor of the east wing of the castle was used as a forestry service apartment. During the Second World War , the palace was used as an art depot for the Munich City Museum . The castle was a two-storey building with three projections and two side wings to the rear. In 1928 236 inhabitants lived in the village. After the war ended, five refugee families were housed in the castle. When the Hohenfels military training area was expanded in 1951, Lutzmannstein was cleared. In 1953 the place with the castle building burned down as a result of bombardment by the military. Today the property is located in a restricted military area of ​​the Hohenfels training area and is not freely accessible.

Lutzmannstein Castle was located on a ridge that was separated from the castle plateau by a section ditch cut into the rock. The castle path led through a gatehouse (later the community poorhouse) in a loop to the castle entrance. To the east of the castle hill composed "was goiter blocks erected" Keep suspected. In the south there was a cistern and a quarry stone wall from the 16th century. The castle chapel of St. Ottilia, donated in the middle of the 15th century, was on the north side of the Bering . Only a few remains of Lutzmannstein Castle, which was destroyed in 1633, were left in the late 18th century. On a local view of Lutzmannstein created by Johann Georg Hämmerl around 1800, only a few remains of the wall can be seen on the castle hill next to the St. Ottilia Castle Church and the gatehouse, which was rebuilt in 1662. Today there are only a few remains of the castle church of St. Ottilien and the gatehouse of the old castle. The baroque high altar, the Way of the Cross and the two baroque figures of the apostles Peter and Paul from the parish church of St. Maria and St. Lucia von Lutzmannstein were transferred to the branch church of Nattershofen (now part of Lauterhofen ) , built in 1955/1956 .

literature

  • Manfred Jehle: Article Lutzmannstein. In: Handbook of Historic Places, Bd. Bavaria i, p. 453 f. Stuttgart: Alfred Kröner Verlag. ISBN 978-3-520-32401-6 .

Web links

Commons : Lutzmannstein  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manfred Jehle: Parsberg. Nursing offices Hemau, Laaber, Beratzhausen (Ehrenfels), Lupburg, Velburg, Mannritterlehengut Lutzmannstein, offices Hohenfels, Helfenberg, imperial lords Breitenegg, Parsberg, office Hohenburg . (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Altbayern issue 51, pp. 269–287 and 485–487.). Commission for Bavarian History, Verlag Michael Lassleben, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-7696-9916-5 , pp. 273–286.
  2. ^ Georg Leingärtner (editor): Historical Atlas of Bavaria, Altbayern Series I, Issue 24: Landrichteramt Amberg. Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1971, p. 93.
  3. ↑ The younger line of the Stiebar von Buttenheim
  4. ↑ Hans Ammon: "... shakes him back and forth, curses and yells at him ..."
  5. ↑ Hans Jakob von Voit (Voigt)
  6. ↑ Kirchenburg Allersburg / Hohenburg - Bavaria
  7. ↑ The basic rule of the monastery Holzen 1652-1802
  8. ^ Hoffmann, Friedrich et al.: The art monuments of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg. Volume 4: District Office Parsberg . Munich (1906), pp. 169-173.
  9. ↑ Lutzmannstein desert
  10. ↑ Filialkirche Nattershofen - Maria Königin

Coordinates: 49 ° 16 ′ 6.1 ″  N , 11 ° 44 ′ 19.4 ″  E