Ringwall Buchberg

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Ringwall Buchberg
View of the southwestern wall section of the ring wall

View of the southwestern wall section of the ring wall

Alternative name (s): Buchenberg ring wall
Creation time : Prehistory and early history
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: received several walls
Place: Parsberg
Geographical location 49 ° 10 '20.6 "  N , 11 ° 42' 51.2"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 10 '20.6 "  N , 11 ° 42' 51.2"  E
Height: 573  m above sea level NHN
Ringwall Buchberg (Bavaria)
Ringwall Buchberg

The ring wall Buch (en) berg (sometimes incorrectly called "Keltenschanze" or "Keltenwall") is located approx. 1500 m north-northwest of the Upper Palatinate town of Parsberg in the Neumarkt district in the Upper Palatinate and about 600 m southwest of Hackenhofen , today a district of Parsberg. The ring wall is located on the Buchberg in the Buchenberge state forest district and is one of several prehistoric fortifications in the valley of the Schwarzen Laber .

description

The height of the Buchberg, which is partly crowned by dolomite rocks , is accompanied by a three-quarter circular wall, it encloses an area of ​​about 24 hectares. This begins in the northwest on a steep rock, then follows the edge of the hill with a slight gradient to the south and east-southeast. The mighty section wall in the northwest comes from a later time than the rest of the edge wall. It could have reached back to the Latène period and served as a place of residence, defense and perhaps also as a place of worship. Depending on the terrain, the wall forms a narrow tongue in the southeast and ends on a rock plateau in the northeast. A hollow between the two wall ends is sealed off from rock tower to rock tower by a stone wall, which is interpreted as a pincer gate . At the gate on the south side, the western wall cheek bends clearly, while the eastern wall starts straight. There is probably a wall in the wall section; there is a partial shallow depression on the inside of the wall. The purpose of this one meter deep trench is unclear. In front of the gate on the south side you can see an old path that turns in an easterly direction.

In the complex you can see an upper and a lower castle. Both sections were separated from each other by a palisade . The ring wall probably consists (archaeological excavations are still pending) of two stacked walls with a wooden grid-stone-earth construction in between. The outer wall certainly consisted of large stacked field stones, inside this wall there was a wooden lattice construction made of vertical posts that were connected by horizontal beams. This wooden lattice was filled in with smaller field stones and earth to form a ramp, and another wall was added to it for support.

history

This ring wall was also a permanently inhabited fortification and a seat for petty or tribal princes. The interpretation that was widespread at the beginning of the 20th century as a temporary refuge in the event of war and the associated designation " Fliehburg " is now rejected for this building.

The ring wall was continuously inhabited during three cultural periods. The time of origin goes back to the Middle Bronze Age (1600–1400 BC). As readings from the urn field culture suggest (three almost completely preserved clay pots), the fortification experienced a structural climax probably in the late Bronze Age (1300–800 BC). From the Hallstatt period (800–400 BC) and the subsequent Latène period (450–15 BC), only sparse finds can be identified.

In addition to the ceramic finds, Bronze Age arrowheads and a prehistoric 32 cm long Peschiera dagger (named after the site of Peschiera del Garda in northern Italy) were also found. A 27 cm long and 5.5 cm wide bronze lance tip comes from the Urnfield Period. An iron lance tip, a large nail and several small forged iron nails as well as an iron swan neck brooch date from the late La Tène period. In addition, a Neolithic blade could be found on the earth ramp of the south wall.

The ring wall was once again used for military purposes by French troops during the Napoleonic Wars . There is evidence of musket balls that could be found inside the fortification. Towards the end of the Second World War , scattered Hungarian SS soldiers moved the Laber down towards the Hammermühle , and discarded canteens and military dishes were found in the ring wall next to fired cartridge cases and rifle and pistol cartridges.

literature

  • Armin Stroh : The prehistoric and early historical monuments of the Upper Palatinate. (Material booklets on Bavarian prehistory, series B, volume 3). Verlag Michael Lassleben, Kallmünz 1975, ISBN 3-7847-5030-3 , p. 192.

Web links

Commons : Ringwall Buchenberg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ E. Olav, 2008, p. 1.