Old parish church St. Johann Baptist (Haidhausen)
The Old Parish Church of St. Johann Baptist (also: Old Haidhauser Church ) is located on Kirchenstrasse in the Haidhausen district of Munich . The church is a listed building and has the number: D-1-62-000-3427
history
9th century
Little is known about the church conditions in Haidhausen during the Middle Ages . The church is mentioned for the first time on February 12, 808 in the “ liber traditionum antiquus ” of the episcopal notary and archivist Cozroh . Accordingly, the priest Erlaperht transferred this church and all his belongings to the church of the holy, always pure Virgin Mary in Freising and thus to his bishop Atto von Freising . However, it is unclear when this wooden church was built and to whom its creation can be attributed. It is also unknown whether the patron saint of this church was John the Baptist back then and whether it was already in the same place in today's Kirchenstrasse.
14th Century
In 1315 the Bishop of Freising, Konrad III. describe the diocese in detail in the “ Konradinisches Matrikel ” . Haidhausen is described here as one of the eight branches of the Bogenhausen parish . This shows that the Romanesque church (parts of which are still preserved in the basement of the tower) had its own cemetery . The city of Munich was responsible for the protection of the church and appointed two council members as high lords and upper church provosts. They administered the church property together with the pastor in Bogenhausen and had to give an account of this to the council.
15th century
On June 17, 1493 the church received a benefit , a permanent chaplaincy without parish pastoral care , after Pope Alexander VI. had approved this with the bull of February 9, 1492. At the same time, the church was allocated annual interest from Munich houses and some goods. The beneficiary of the church had to hold five weekly masses and had residence obligation. The right of patronage lay with the pastor of Bogenhausen and the high lords. It is likely that the church was rebuilt in a late Gothic style at that time . In addition to a saddle tower in the west, a vaulted, two-aisled nave with two supporting pillars was built. In addition, the church received a sacristy on the north side .
16th Century
For the first time in 1524 John the Baptist is mentioned as the patron saint of the church in the "Sunderndorfer Matrikel". This was written by Stephan Sunderndorfer , Freising Vicar General under Prince-Bishop Philipp von der Pfalz .
From 1597, Jesuit fathers who lived in the nearby “Jesuit Garden” helped with pastoral care - until the order was finally abolished in 1773.
17th century
In addition to the church of St. Nikolai am Gasteig, the old parish church of St. Johann Baptist was still a Haidhausen branch of Bogenhausen. In 1608 it was mentioned for the first time in a document that in honor of St. John the Baptist every year from St. John's Day to the feast of St. James the Elder in Haidhausen, the "St. John Thirty" was celebrated. For this reason, Duke Maximilian I (1573–1651), who would later become elector , made a precious gift to the church in 1619: a relic of St. John the Baptist - his right jaw. He had previously received this from the Benedictine monastery Malmedy of the Archdiocese of Cologne . This made the devotions even more popular. Count von Tilly , general of Maximilian, donated a larger sum in 1624 for the acquisition of a monstrance , the "Tilly Monstrance" .
Extensive renovation work took place between 1605 and 1630 under the authority of Georg Stelhuber . In this context, Thomas (Toman) Zehetmair the Younger created Renaissance images in 1623 of stages in the life of John the Baptist (birth, sermon, the baptism of Jesus and his beheading). In addition, the Weilheim court sculptor and ivory carver Christoph Angermair made four early Baroque , life-size sculptures of occidental church fathers in 1630 : of the bishops Ambrosius and Augustine as well as of Jerome and Pope Gregory I. These works of art have survived to this day.
Spanish soldiers broke into the church in the summer of 1634 and looted the offering boxes . The rumor that the church was destroyed by the Spaniards during the occupation of Munich and was finally rebuilt in 1641 cannot be proven.
Even after the extensive renovation , further installations and conversions followed. In 1675, for example, the tower was rebuilt and raised by the Munich city mason master Martin Gunetzrhainer . The conversion to a single-nave hall took place between 1698 and 1700. The sacristy was also moved to the south side.
18th century
In 1712 - as every year - the tower was shot at to celebrate St. John's Festival. The tower caught fire and burned out completely. The tower could already be repaired in the same year.
As part of a new diocesan description , which was written between 1738 and 1740, the high altar was first mentioned, which was created in honor of John the Baptist. In addition, the two side altars , which were created in honor of the Apostle Bartholomew and the Blessed Mother , were mentioned for the first time .
The monk Jodok Zächerl , a member of the Augustinian order and born in Haidhausen, donated a cross particle in 1739 . The late Baroque Pietà was created in 1758 and is located under somewhat older putti and a canopy that was framed with Christ's Passion . The Baroque Stations of the Cross show Venetian influences.
Renovation work took place again in 1776. In this context, two new side altars were made by the Haidhausen sexton and Kistler Joseph Heilbrunner . The painting “Dream of Saint Joseph” created for this purpose by the court painter Andreas Seidl has been preserved to this day. A new high altar with elements of rococo and early classicism was also created by the electoral plasterer F. X. Feichtmayr (1735–1803) from polished plaster of paris marble . In its center there is a larger than life group of figures depicting the baptism of Jesus with God the Father . This is framed by sculptures of the apostles Andrew and Bartholomew. Due to woodworm infestation, six smaller figures, a number of angel heads as well as antique hangers and other ornaments are no longer preserved. The two angels of today's high altar supposedly come from the old high altar.
The pulpit with early classicist elements was also created in the last quarter of the 18th century. The pulpit is crowned by the Good Shepherd - formerly John the Baptist. The late Gothic "Haidhauser Kreuz" is the counterpart to this and was created around 1520. The associated painful Mother of God is now in the new parish church of St. Johann Baptist .
19th century
After Haidhausen had significantly overtaken the parish of Bogenhausen in terms of numbers, the old parish church of St. Johann Baptist was Haidhausen's first parish church from 1820 to 1879. Efforts were made as early as 1789 to have a parish of their own for pastoral reasons, since seriously ill people died without sacraments and newborns without baptism. But despite this difficult situation, the Freising St. Veit Abbey - to which the parish of Bogenhausen belonged - rejected the Haidhausen parish's request, since otherwise annual income of 180 guilders would have been lost. The establishment of the Au-Giesing parish in 1626 had already led to lower income.
Finally in 1817 another push was made, but the implementation was postponed until the death of the pastor Johann Kaspar Hallmayr in 1819, because he had vetoed it. On January 25, 1820, King Max I decreed that the Haidhausen Benefice and its 3,100 parishioners should be raised to a parish. The canonical establishment took place on March 20, 1820. This year of foundation can also be read on the cover of the baptismal font of the church. The vicar Heimfellner from Bogenhausen strongly criticized the new parish, who wrote in an expert report that “the end of the sermon was indicated there with a sign of the bell, so that all those who were at home or in the tavern during the sermon can now more Churches are coming ”.
The first pastor of the community was Johann Andreas Baader (1779–1842) from Mittenwald , who was previously pastor and dean of Partenkirchen . During his twelve years as a pastor, some citizens of Haidhausen founded the “Alliance for the Holy Cross and Good Death” in 1827. This was Haidhausen's third brotherhood after the “St. Johannis and Sebastian Brotherhood ”(also:“ Schützenbund ”) and in 1682 the brotherhood in honor of the Three Kings were founded.
By the Concordat of June 5, 1817, the Diocese of Freising was elevated to the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising in 1821 . Lothar Anselm Freiherr von Gebsattel was the first archbishop between 1821 and 1846 . Under him, Haidhausen's pastor became cathedral priest and cathedral capitular in Munich in 1832 . He was succeeded by Lorenz Deigl , who, like his predecessor, was a pastor in Partenkirchen. Deigl wrote a parish description on March 4, 1833, from which it emerges that the church had become too small for the population because the parish had grown to 5000 people. When cholera hit Haidhausen in 1836 , which claimed 143 lives in the second half of the year alone, and the cholera raged even more violently in 1854, the people of Haidhausen vowed to hold a public thanksgiving procession every year on Trinity Sunday: the “cholera procession”. This is still carried out today - in a contemporary form. In 1838 Pastor Deigl withdrew into private life and moved to Munich. He was followed by Martin Huber, who became the new pastor on April 22, 1838.
Since the population in Haidhausen grew rapidly, a new church was planned, which had to stand back until 1846 due to the expansion of the hospital on the right side of the Isar . The next pastor in Haidhausen was Johann Georg Walser in 1848 . During his time the new church building was erected, which was completed in 1875 - four years after Walser's death.
Pastor Walser also took care of the renovation of the old parish church in 1851/1852. Here a new high altar was made from wood according to the plans of Matthias Berger . The Kistlermeister Johann Nepomuk Strathaus took over the execution with Johann Weber. The history painter Robert von Langer (1783–1846), director of the Königliche Centralgemäldegalerie, could no longer complete the picture, so that his pupil Joseph Anton von Gegenbaur (1800–1876) completed the painting. In addition, in 1865 the church tower was given the pointed pyramid, which is still characteristic of the church today.
The New Parish Church of St. Johann Baptist was inaugurated on August 24, 1879. In 1895 the old parish church and the old Giesingen church were to be demolished. This was ultimately not implemented. Instead, repair work was carried out on the church, which continued until 1896.
20th century
In 1921 the church building received electric light, and in 1925/1926 the church became the parish church of the parish of St. Gabriel. The exterior and interior renovation began in 1928 under pastor Johann Georg Widmann and the beneficiary von Hellrigl. When it was incorporated into Munich in 1854, the city took over the cemetery. There were no burials here between 1944 and 1955. A small mourning hall was also inaugurated on the occasion of the reopening .
Between 1959 and 1963 the old parish church was the episcopal church for the exarch of the Uniate Ukrainian Catholics . In 1967 there was another exterior renovation. Between 1980 and 1982, a comprehensive overall renovation had to be carried out under Pastor Hausmann. At the same time, a new foundation was made and the remains of the late Gothic predecessor building were exposed. The ceremonial reopening took place on October 17, 1982 with Cathedral Chapter Schneider. In 1983, a new one was of Zellhuber organ building organ with mechanical key action and key action in the old, built by the organ workshop in March housing built. She has the following disposition :
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
graveyard
The cemetery has existed since the founding year 808 and has 4,600 grave sites.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x History of the Old Parish Church of St. Johann Baptist (Haidhausen) - also Old Haidhauser Church - at www.erzbistum-muenchen.de ( Memento from February 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j The Chronicle of St. Johann Baptist - Parish in Haidhausen ( Memento from December 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) on www.sjb-haidhausen.de
- ↑ Lioba Betten , Thomas Multhaup: Die Münchner Friedhöfe - Signposts to places of remembrance , section “In summer: Gravestones - green roofed”, pp. 94–97.
- ^ Organ Databank (Dutch), accessed September 5, 2019.
- ↑ https://www.bestattung-information.de/partner/friedhof-haidhausen/
Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 0.5 ″ N , 11 ° 36 ′ 13.5 ″ E