Office Naumburg (Hochstift Naumburg-Zeitz)

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The office of Naumburg was a territorial administrative unit of the Electorate of Saxony that belonged to the Naumburg-Zeitz bishopric and between 1656/57 and 1718 to the secondary school- principality of Saxony-Zeitz . Until it was ceded to Prussia in 1815, it was the spatial reference point for claiming sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and military service .

Geographical location

The office Naumburg consisted of free float in the valley of the Saale between the mouths of the Ilm , the Unstrut and the Wethau . While places on both sides of the Saale with two exclaves belonged to the administrative district of Saaleck, which was separated to the west, the city of Naumburg with the administrative district of Schönburg was south of the Saale. The Freyburg districts bordering to the north were subject to the jurisdiction of the Naumburg district. The place Abtlöbnitz was separated south of the office in the Ernestine office of Camburg.

The official area is now mostly in the state of Saxony-Anhalt in the Burgenland district . Lachstedt is a district of the community Schmiedehausen in the Weimarer Land district in the Free State of Thuringia .

Adjacent administrative units

Main part with Naumburg and the office of Schönburg

Exclaves of the Saaleck and Abtlöbnitz offices

The main area of ​​the Saaleck office bordered in the north on the Electoral Saxon Office Pforta, in the east on the exclave Rudelsburg / Lengefeld of the Electoral Saxon office Eckartsberga , in the south on the Ernestine Office Camburg and in the west on the exclave Großheringen of the Tautenburg rule or the later Electoral Saxon office Tautenburg .

The northern exclave Punschrau belonging to the Saaleck office was almost completely surrounded by the Electoral Saxon office Pforta, only in the north bordered the Electoral Saxon office Eckartsberga.

The southern exclave of Lachstedt, which belongs to the Saaleck office, was almost completely surrounded by the Ernestine Office of Camburg, with the Großheringen belonging to the Electoral Saxon Office of Tautenburg bordered only in the north.

The place Abtlöbnitz with the place Mollschütz belonging to the office Tautenburg was completely in the Ernestine office Camburg.

history

Development of the Hochstift-Naumburg area around the city of Naumburg

Around 1010, the sons of Ekkehard I († 1002), who had been Margrave of Meissen since 985 , built the new Ekkehardin ancestral seat on a 25 m high rise on the right bank of the Saale near the mouth of the Unstrut . The building was called Neweburg or Nuwenburg and later Naumburg . The decisive factor for the relocation of the headquarters from Kapellenberg in Kleinjena an der Unstrut to the new location was the favorable location at the intersection of several trade routes (including the Via Regia ). In connection with the construction of the Nuwenburg, the place Naumburg was first mentioned in 1012. Since 1144 Naumburg was called a city.

In the course of the relocation of the Ekkehardin headquarters to the eastern bank of the Saale in the Neue Burg after 1000, the Ekkehardin monastery was also relocated there. It was part of the 968 by Emperor I. Otto founded diocese Zeitz . The house monastery of St. Georg next to the Neue Burg was at that time the only monastery in the diocese and the first Benedictine abbey in the area east of the Saale. Shortly afterwards Ekkehard's sons Hermann and Ekkehard II founded a small collegiate church consecrated to St. Mary in the western part of the outer bailey , which is mentioned in the Merseburg bishops' chronicle as praepositura noviter fundata in 1021 . This provost's office was on the site of the later Naumburg Cathedral . In 1028, at the urging of the two brothers , King Konrad II relocated the Zeitz bishopric to Naumburg, which was donated to the bishopric at the same time. The laying was done by Pope John XIX. approved in December 1028. A collegiate foundation remained in Zeitz . Soon after the approval of the relocation of the bishopric from Zeitz to Naumburg, probably in the spring of 1029, the construction of the first early Romanesque Naumburg cathedral began immediately east of the collegiate church .

In 1030, Emperor Konrad II gave the bishopric the extensive wild bans south of Naumburg. King Henry III added several villages to the property in 1040, which established the core of the later Hochstift area. After the Ekkehardines died out in 1046 with Ekkehard II , Naumburg Castle fell to the Naumburg bishop. The first Naumburg bishops came from the immediate vicinity of the royal court, which means that the monastery received numerous donations.

With the election of Dietrich II of Meißen as the new bishop, the bishopric came under the influence of the Wettin territorial policy in 1243. With the help of his half-brother, the Wettin Margrave of Meissen, Heinrich the Illustrious , Dietrich prevailed over his opponent. Due to the territorial interests of Heinrich the Illustrious, Bishop Dietrich soon came into conflict with him. A long period of property sales by the bishopric began. In 1259, Margrave Heinrich III. his half-brother in the Treaty of Seusslitz to put the Naumburg bishopric under Wettin protectorate.

After the Landgraviate of Thuringia fell to the Wettins in 1264, the Hochstift was surrounded by Wettin territory. Under Bishop Bruno von Langenbogen , the bishopric was moved back to Zeitz in 1285. The official seat of the diocese remained in Naumburg. The Naumburg castle, previously inhabited by the bishops, was given to the cathedral provost in 1286.

Ownership of the Naumburg-Zeitz bishopric on the Saale

After the bishop's seat was moved to Naumburg, the diocese expanded its estates from 1028 onwards, but the territorial development of the bishopric could only develop extensively in the Zeitz area, while only scattered holdings could be built up around Naumburg. Through the donation of the town of Naumburg from the Ekkehardiner's own property, the Hochstift gained a firm foothold on the Saale from 1028 onwards. With the foundation of the new diocese, Naumburg became the center of the episcopal property on the Saale. In 1030 the bishopric of Emperor Konrad II received the ban on wildlife in the large beech forest south of Naumburg between Saale and Wethau. A little later the diocese received the place Kösen through royal donations in 1040 and shortly afterwards several places in the Wethau area. However, this also gave properties to newly founded monasteries and by means of lending, as in the case of the Pforta monastery founded in 1138 . After the disputes between Bishop Dietrich II. And Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious, in which the bishopric came under the Wettin protectorate in 1259, the bishopric was forced to sell and pledge its property on numerous occasions. In the immediate vicinity of the city of Naumburg, only the floodplain in the Saaleniederung and a narrow strip between Weichau and Wethau remain in episcopal ownership. Most of the fiefdoms of the Counts of Schwarzburg and the Burgraves of Meißen, located around the city, passed to the bishopric in 1412 and 1426, respectively.

In and around the city of Naumburg, the Bishop of Naumburg was entitled to high and low jurisdiction, which he had administered by bailiffs, mayors and later judges. This soft picture court included the city of Naumburg and the following comprehensive city district: from Stein auf dem Wethehoyge (near Wethau) to Buchholz (this is outside the district), from there to the pig station, on to Eselsweg (Mühlweg) down to the Kegelsmühle. From there it went along the Kleine Saale to the Saale, on to the Weichau and this up to the stone on the Wethehoyge. The districts of the Georgskloster and the Moritzstift were excluded from this. Since 1451, the jurisdiction of Kroppen (later desert) in the lower Wethautal was included.

To the east of Naumburg, Burgward Schönburg, with 12 villages, has formed a larger estate district on the border with the Wettin office of Weißenfels since the 12th century . Schönburg Castle, first mentioned in 1137, was probably built by the bishops themselves, and since 1166 episcopal ministerials have lived there. The castle has been the seat of an episcopal bailiff since the 14th century. In addition to the Schönburg, three towns and several deserted areas belonged to the episcopal office of Schönburg . With the Rudelsburg , the bishops had a southwestern base up the hall in the 12th century, on which episcopal castle men sat. However, this was lost to them in the 13th century when it was given to the margraves. It was not until 1344 that the neighboring margravial Saaleck castle with possessions in 5 villages came into episcopal ownership. Despite being pledged several times, the small Saaleck office was permanently owned by the bishop.

Office Naumburg

After the division of Leipzig in 1485, the Naumburg bishopric and its offices came under the bailiwick of the Ernestine electorate of Saxony. In the course of the introduction of the Reformation , the St. Georg monastery was dissolved in 1542, and St. Moritz followed a year later. Since 1542 the bishopric was headed by a Protestant bishop, the cathedral chapter in Naumburg was converted into a Protestant monastery. The free float of the Naumburg bishops around their episcopal church on the Saale was combined in the "Amt Naumburg" in 1544, in which the older offices of Schönburg and Saaleck, the possession of the secularized monasteries St. Georg and St. Moritz as well as the urban softness were absorbed.

Due to the Wittenberg surrender in 1547, the influence of the Ernestines on the Naumburg bishopric in relation to the now Albertine electorate of Saxony decreased. The Albertine Duke and now Elector Moritz of Saxony received protection over the Naumburg-Zeitz monastery. After the death of the last Naumburg bishop Julius von Pflug in 1564, the bishopric and his offices passed to the Albertine Elector August I of Saxony as administrator. It thus became a subsidiary of the Electorate of Saxony, which was not assigned to a district of Electoral Saxony . Between 1656/57 and 1718 the Office for Naumburg belonged wettinischen Sekundogenitur -Fürstentum Saxe-Zeitz . The separate administrative district of Saaleck remained an independent administration until 1659.

With the appointment of the Electorate of Saxony to the Kingdom , the Amt of Naumburg belonged to the Kingdom of Saxony from 1806 .

Dissolution of the Naumburg office and assignment to Prussia

In 1814, the Naumburg monastery area was dissolved as part of the Kingdom of Saxony under Governor General Nikolai Grigoryevich Repnin-Volkonsky . After Napoleon's defeat , the Kingdom of Saxony, allied with him, had to cede a large part of its territory, including the Amt of Naumburg, to the Kingdom of Prussia following the resolution of the Congress of Vienna in 1815 . The Office Naumburg was for the most part the 1,818 newly formed county Naumburg in the administrative district of Merseburg of Saxony Province allocated. The town of Abtlöbnitz, surrounded by the Ernestine Office of Camburg , has since formed a Prussian exclave with the town of Mollschütz, which was also ceded to Prussia . In the final act of the congress and in the contract of June 1, 1815, it was stipulated that Prussia would, within 14 days of the signing of the contract, a. the place Lachstedt, which had previously belonged to the Naumburg office as an exclave, had to cede to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . The Grand Duchy attached the place to the Dornburg office .

Components

Soft picture court Naumburg

consisting of three parts:

  • the actual city of Naumburg (is under the jurisdiction of the council with the castle)
  • the freedom of men with the cathedral and the cathedral school
  • the suburb (divided under the jurisdiction of council, freedom, Dompropsteikirche and the offices of Naumburg and Pforta)
Desolation
  • Kroppen (near Schönburg)
  • Bertoldsrode (probably near Naumburg)
  • Rödichen, Rostewitz (near Naumburg)

Office Schönburg

Castles
places
Desolation
  • Babendorf
  • Boellnitz
  • Bohndorf
  • Gröbitz (part of the Burgward Schönburg)
  • Kathewitz
  • Öblitz
  • Pfaffendorf
  • Possenhain (two of three villages with the same name)

Office Saaleck

Castles
Villages
Vorwerke
Desolation
  • Döben and Hohendorf (near Saaleck)

Monasteries, churches and their possessions

Monasteries and important churches
places
  • Abtlöbnitz (rights to the village from 1465 to 1544 at the St. Georg monastery, rights to the corridor belonged to the Ernestine Office of Camburg )
  • Grochlitz (owned by the cathedral chapter before secularization)

Places under the jurisdiction of the Naumburg District

The following places in the Wettin Office of Freyburg were subject to the jurisdiction of the Office of Naumburg:

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Germania Sacra, p. 127f.
  2. ↑ Short stories on Saxon-Thuringian history, Volume 2, Kroppen on p. 100
  3. ↑ Germania Sacra, pp. 678f.
  4. ^ Chronicle of the city of Naumburg
  5. ↑ The Hochstift Naumburg in the retro library
  6. ↑ Small stories on Saxon-Thuringian history, Volume 2, Freiroda on p. 58f., Footnote 117
  7. ↑ Places of the Naumburg district in the municipality register 1900
  8. ^ State Archives of the German Confederation, Volume 1; P. 374
  9. ↑ Places of the Dornburg district after 1815 on p. 54
  10. ^ The Naumburg Office in the book "Geography for all Stands", Volume 1, pp. 700f.
  11. ^ Kroppen on the website of the municipality of Schönburg an der Saale
  12. ↑ Small stories on Saxon-Thuringian history, Volume 2, p. 33
  13. ^ Döben and Hohendorf in the description of the place for Saaleck
  14. ↑ The desert brands Döben and Hohendorf on page 33
  15. ^ Description of Abtlöbnitz
  16. ^ Geography for all stands, Volume 1, Schellsitz, Groß- and Kleinjena on p.381f.
  17. ^ Description of the place Kleinwilsdorf
  18. ^ History of the place Großjena
  19. ↑ History of Kleinjena