Swing
Swinging (also called trouser pulling ) is a variant of freestyle wrestling that is popular in Switzerland and is carried out on sawdust .
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Swinging is considered a Swiss national sport , even before Hornussen and Steinstoss . It is particularly common in German-speaking Switzerland .
history
The roots of wrestling sport in Switzerland cannot be clearly determined. A first depiction from the 13th century (in Lausanne Cathedral ) already shows the typical way of grasping the handle. In central Switzerland and in the Central Plateau , in advance (pre-) alpine region that belonged Hosenlupf an integral part of the festival culture. At numerous Alp - and inn festivals swung farmers , dairymen and Küher a piece pants cloth, a sheep, or some other kind, with the glory of victory mattered far more than the material value of the price.
The first Alpine Shepherd Festival at Unspunnen in 1805, at a time when Switzerland was under French rule, brought the swinging back to life . The aim of this festival was expressly to raise the Swiss national consciousness.
In the last third of the 19th century, memorable wrestling festivals and a lively activity of trained gymnastics teachers brought wrestling to the big cities as well. The original struggle of shepherds and farmers became a national sport that encompasses all classes. The associations, above all the Swiss Wrestling Association (founded in 1895), organized the sport by integrating regional characteristics, raising the level with textbooks and training lessons and creating contemporary competition rules.
Despite this expansion to urban areas, swinging is still most popular today in the traditional rural areas of the German-speaking Swiss Alpine foothills.
competition
A competition is called Schwinget or Schwingfest . The Schwinget (outdated or, in dialect, also the Schwinget) takes place on a single day, only at the federal level it takes place on two days.
The duel is fought on a circular area 7 to 14 meters in diameter, padded with 23 cubic meters of sawdust. The two opponents wear short pants made of Zwilch over their clothes . The two opponents first shake hands, then grab the so-called Schwinger pants and try to force the opponent by making "swings" on their backs. Victory is valid if the superior wrestler holds the inferior by the wrestling pants with at least one hand and the inferior touches the ground with both shoulder blades or at least two-thirds of the back. After the end of the fight, it is traditional for the winner to wipe the sawdust off the loser's back. If a round ends in a tie, the fight is "set".
The fight is judged by three judges, one of whom stands in the sawdust ring together with the wrestlers. The judges assess the gait and give a maximum of 10 points for a "flat throw". With a «set gear», the more active swinger receives the higher number of points.
At a wrestling festival, the wrestlers contest six (at the federal eight) courses. The first two gears are the "starting up". The pairings are determined in advance by the jury, with an attempt to have equally strong wrestlers compete against each other. Therefore, the first course often offers the greatest entertainment, as the best wrestlers meet. Gears three and four are called "Auswingen", five and six are the "Ausstich". The two highest-point wrestlers after five courses (or after seven at the federal level) reach the final course . The division of the opponents in the individual courses is done by the judges.
There are no weight classes, only for young wrestlers under 16 years of age are categories based on age.
Grading
- 10.00 victory and flat throw
- 9.75 victory with a push on the ground
- 9.00 Put (undecided) in an attractive fight
- 8.75 Asked (undecided) if the fight was unattractive
- 8.75 Lost, but fought hard and risked a lot
- 8.50 Lost with no good attack or chance
The referee can deduct a quarter note
- Time delay when grasping the handle
- Incorporation of art breaks
- constant head adjustment
- Use of raw and dangerous grips
- Obvious passivity or being in a hopeless position for a long time
- repeated not tightening the swing pants (since 2013)
An admonition is given first.
- If the first admonition has no effect, a warning and a deduction of marks will be threatened.
- If this warning remains ineffective, the grade must be deducted.
Turns
To conquer the opponent, there are over 300 variations of holds and swings. These are the most common:
The short: The short pull is the most used swing. You make a body fake to the left, then use your left leg to get between the opponent's legs. With a firm grip, turn to the right.
The jump: your own leg jumps behind the opponent's diagonal leg. Then the upper arm is fixed and completed with heavy pressure forward. If done correctly, this swing is a guarantee for maximum grades.
The Brienzer: The Brienzer is one of the most effective weapons for wrestlers with a physical disadvantage. The attacker takes hold of the grip over the shoulder on the opponent's belt. He hangs on the opponent's leg with his leg and grabs his upper arm with the other hand. He lifts his leg and empties it around the front.
The hip: With a jerky movement of your own buttocks to the left, the opponent is turned over onto your back over your own rear. It is important to hold the opponent's right upper arm with your left hand to fix this swing.
The Buur: The Buur is the most commonly used swing in ground combat. The opponent's knee is fixed with the left leg. Then the right hand is gripped in the gap up to the belt on the swinger pants, which restricts the opponent's ability to move. Then the opponent is pushed over on the floor with the help of the right hand, combined with a twisting movement.
Der Gammen: The attacker either hooks his left leg onto the opponent's right or vice versa. With simultaneous forward pressure from the upper body, the opponent is thrown backwards out of balance and pressed onto the floor.
Der Wyberhaagge: The attacker attacks the opponent with a gamma, then clamps the opponent's leg with his own legs and then hooks the other leg crosswise. As a result, the opponent is restricted in his freedom of movement and can hardly turn any more.
Traditions
Swinging is traditionally a male sport. The wrestling kings are known by name to wide sections of the population and have the status of sports celebrities. Women swing since the end of the 20th century (foundation of the woman swinging Association 1992) and depending regarded by the tradition-conscious Schwinger friends with suspicion, the acceptance of Wyberschwingets but increases.
Wrestlers are amateurs, and the wrestlers in the top ranks are more often than not active in professions that require a certain amount of physical strength, such as cheese- makers , butchers , carpenter or carpenter . According to an older custom, the name is mentioned in such a way that the family name is placed in front of the first name, i.e. «Grab Martin» or «Abderhalden Jörg».
The swingers are uniformly dressed:
- The Sennenschwinger (traditionally members of a pure wrestling club) wear dark trousers and a colored shirt, usually a light blue collarless Sennenshirt, while
- the gymnastics swingers (traditionally members of a gymnastics club that also performs other sports) wear long white gym shorts and a white vest.
Open advertising and sponsoring is not common at the sporting event itself. Successful wrestlers do not receive prize money, but prizes in kind from the "gift table", traditionally cowbells (telling) and farm furniture, the main prize is often a muni . On major occasions, the number of prizes in the temple of gifts often exceeds the number of participants ( ESAF Aarau 2007: 300 prizes with 280 participants, with even the last ones receiving prizes worth between 500 and 2000 francs). Hidden advertising is done by naming the award donors. The waiver of prize money, especially with the live prizes (mostly cattle), is circumvented by reselling the prizes. Top wrestlers earn up to 40,000 francs per year, with advertising income and sponsorship income of up to 100,000 francs per year can be expected. Advertising with top swingers and their sponsorship take place, but do not yet endanger the amateur character of the sport.
The best wrestlers at a wrestling festival receive a "wreath" and are henceforth allowed to call themselves "wreath wrestlers". The winners of a wreath at the Federal Wrestling Festival are known as "Confederates". The winners of the Federal Wrestling Festival carry the title of " King of Wrestling ", they keep this title even after a new King of Wrestling has been chosen - the term "former King of Wrestling" is not common. To distinguish it, the year or the place where the title was won is often mentioned after the designation "Schwingerkönig" (for example "Schwingerkönig (von) 2016" or "Schwingerkönig von Estavayer").
Anti-vibration
The wrestling events - regional and cantonal wrestling festivals as well as association festivals - are held outdoors from early summer to autumn. The most important wrestling festival is the Swiss Wrestling and Alpine Festival , which takes place only every three years - the last five from August 24th to 26th, 2007 in Aarau , from August 20th to 22nd, 2010 in Frauenfeld , from August 30th to September 1, 2013 in Burgdorf , from August 26 to August 28, 2016 in Estavayer-le-Lac and from August 23 to 25, 2019 in Zug . The winner of this tournament is proclaimed the king of wrestling. The prize is traditionally a Muni (bull).
The Unspunnen-Schwinget (near the Unspunnen ruins , near Interlaken), the Schwingen at the Swiss National Exhibition and the Kilchberg-Schwinget (in Kilchberg near Zurich) have a special status among the wrestling festivals . The first two events are held at irregular intervals and the third every six years. Because of their importance, all three are regarded as “festivals with a federal character”. If a wrestler wins both a Swiss wrestling and alpine festival, the Unspunnen-Schwinget and the Kilchberg-Schwinget, it is also known as the "Schwinger Grand Slam".
Traditionally, the mountain swing festivals (mountain wreath festivals) have a special place. They take place in mountain regions and are mostly popular folk festivals with thousands of spectators, which give the actual swing a folkloric setting with country music, yodelling choirs, alphorn blowers , flag wavers or scourge makers . The most important mountain wreath festivals are: the Stoos-Schwinget (on the Stoos ), the Rigi-Schwing- and Älplerfest (on the Rigi ), the Brünigschwinget , the Schwarzsee-Schwinget (near the Schwarzsee ), the Weissenstein-Schwinget (on the Weissenstein ) and the Schwägalp-Schwinget (on the Schwägalp ).
Top swinger
The best wrestlers are called top wrestlers (as "the bad guys"). The winner of the Federal Wrestling and Alpine Festival has the title of wrestling king . The record is three titles won and is held by three wrestlers simultaneously, the Bernese Hans Stucki (1900, 1902, 1905) and Rudolf Hunsperger (1966, 1969, 1974) as well as the northeastern Swiss Jörg Abderhalden (1998, 2004, 2007). Abderhalden was also in the final course of the Swiss Wrestling and Alpine Festival four times in a row . Willy Lardon also won the Swiss Confederation three times (1937, 1943, 1945), but was only awarded the title of Wrestling King twice (1937, 1943). In 1945 he was awarded the title of "First Crowned" after having passed Peter Vogt. Peter Vogt also won the federal three times (1945, 1948, 1950), but was only awarded the title of wrestling king once (1948). In 1945 (together with Lardon) and 1950, after the final course against Walter Flach, he was “first crowned”. In addition, Karl Meli was twice wrestling king (1961, 1964). Meli is also the only one to have won the Kilchberger Schwinget twice (1967, 1973), and it won more wrestling festivals than anyone else. Even Ernst Schläpfer has twice wrestling champion (1980, 1983) and missed the 1986 third title only narrowly to Harry Knüsel .
Jörg Abderhalden was the strongest wrestler in the first decade of the 21st century. He retired from active wrestling in October 2010. Martin Grab was considered to be one of Abderhalden's toughest opponents. He was able to defeat Abderhalden in 2006 at the prestigious Unspunnenfest in the final . Another strong rival was Abderhalden's north-eastern Swiss association colleague «Nöldi» Forrer, who pitted against him in the final at the 2001 in Nyon (draw) and was king of wrestling thanks to the points advantage.
At the 2010 Swiss Wrestling and Alpine Festival in Frauenfeld, Stucki faced Abderhalden in a duel between the reigning wrestling king and the Kilchberg winner. Kilian Wenger , who was only 20 at the time , won eight times. Wenger defeated Jörg Abderhalden in fifth gear and Martin Grab in the final gear. At the 2013 Federal Burgdorf, Matthias Sempach won against Christian Stucki in the final course ; Matthias Glarner won the Swiss 2016 in Estavayer-le-Lac against Armon Orlik in the final course. At the Swiss Confederation 2019 in Zug , Christian Stucki defeated local hero Joel Wicki in the final course and thus crowned himself king of wrestling.
Wrestling kings
| year | place | Wrestling king |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | train | Christian Stucki |
| 2016 | Estavayer-le-Lac | Matthias Glarner |
| 2013 | Burgdorf | Matthias Sempach |
| 2010 | Frauenfeld | Kilian Wenger |
| 2007 | Aarau | Jörg Abderhalden |
| 2004 | Lucerne | Jörg Abderhalden |
| 2001 | Nyon | Arnold Forrer |
| 1998 | Bern | Jörg Abderhalden |
| 1995 | Chur | Thomas Sutter |
| 1992 | Olten | Silvio Rüfenacht |
| 1989 | Stans | Adrian cheese maker |
| 1986 | Sion | Harry Knüsel |
| 1983 | Langenthal | Ernst Schläpfer |
| 1980 | St. Gallen | Ernst Schläpfer |
| 1977 | Basel | Arnold Ehrensberger |
| 1974 | Schwyz | Rudolf Hunsperger |
| 1972 | La Chaux-de-Fonds | David Roschi |
| 1969 | Biel | Rudolf Hunsperger |
| 1966 | Frauenfeld | Rudolf Hunsperger |
| 1964 | Aarau | Karl Meli |
| 1961 | train | Karl Meli |
| 1958 | Freiburg | Max Widmer |
| 1956 | Tuna | Eugen Holzherr |
| 1953 | Winterthur | Walter Flach |
| 1950 | Grenchen | no king ( Walter Haldemann / Peter Vogt first crowned) |
| 1948 | Lucerne | Peter Vogt |
| 1945 | Bern | no king ( Willy Lardon / Peter Vogt 1st crowned) |
| 1943 | train | Willy Lardon |
| 1940 | Solothurn | no king ( Otto Marti / Werner Burki first crowned) |
| 1937 | Lausanne | Willy Lardon |
| 1934 | Bern | Werner Bürkli |
| 1931 | Zurich | Hans Roth |
| 1929 | Basel | Hans Roth |
| 1926 | Lucerne | Henri Wernli |
| 1923 | Vevey | Karl Thommen |
| 1921 | Bern | Robert Roth |
| 1919 | Langenthal | no king (Robert Roth / Gottlieb Salzmann first crowned) |
| 1911 | Zurich | Gotthold Wernli |
| 1908 | Neuchâtel | Albrecht Schneider |
| 1905 | Interlaken | Hans Stucki |
| 1902 | Sarnen | Hans Stucki |
| 1900 | Bern | no king (Hans Stucki / Emil Kocher first crowned) |
| 1898 | Basel | no king ( Christian Blaser / Frédéric Bossy first crowned) |
| 1897 | Biel | Alfons Thurneysen |
| 1895 | Biel | Alfred Niklaus |
See also
literature
- Peter Bichsel, Milena Moser, Christoph Simon, Stephan Pörtner (eds.): Hosenlupf . A cheeky cultural history of swinging . Walde + Graf, Zurich 2010, ISBN 978-3-03774-017-0 .
- Urs Huwyler: Kings, Confederates and other bad guys: Wrestling - a popular sport is becoming trendy. AT Verlag, Aarau 2010, ISBN 978-3-03800-550-6 .
- Rudolf Schärer : Instructions for swinging and wrestling. R. Jenni, Bern 1893.
- Linus Schöpfer: Big guys roll better. Why Switzerland invented swinging . Nagel & Kimche, Munich 2019, ISBN 978-3-312-01144-5 .
- Hans Peter Treichler : Swiss National Games . In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
Movie
In the humorous documentary Hoselupf - or how to be a bad guy (directed by This Lüscher , 2011), the Zurich comedian Beat Schlatter slowly becomes familiar with the world of swinging.
Web links
- Final course , the Schwinger newspaper
- Wrestling sport - the portal
- Everything about traditional Swiss sport
- Swiss Wrestling Association
- Federal Women's Wrestling Association
- Schwingen at nachbarsport.de (created in a project of the "Online Editor" course at Cologne University of Applied Sciences)
- Link catalog on swinging at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
- The final courses since 1958 on video. All wrestling kings since 1895 ( memento from March 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). In: SF Sport
- The bad guys - Les meilleurs lutteurs (website of the Schwinger calendar)
Individual evidence
- ↑ In written German it is called the Schwinget, in Swiss German mostly the Schwinget, see Das Schwinget was once male , broadcast by Radio SRF, August 20, 2015, 3:42 min.
- ↑ swings. In: Final course.
- ↑ Philipp Reich: Here we go: Find out everything about the Swiss sporting event of the year. In: Aargauer Zeitung . August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2016 .
- ↑ Reto Pfister: Two cattle and a heater. Federal Wrestling Festival: The Temple of Gifts ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). In: The Bund . August 28, 2007.
- ↑ Only top wrestlers find sponsors. In: SRF . 3rd August 2014.
- ^ History on the website of the Weissenstein Schwinget Association, accessed on August 23, 2019
- ↑ Guidelines mountain wreath festivals. Swiss Wrestling Association , December 10, 2016 (PDF; 52 kB), accessed on August 23, 2019
- ↑ The final courses since 1958 in the video. All wrestling kings since 1895 ( memento from March 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). In: SF Sport . 2010.
- ↑ Hoselupf - or how to become a bad guy. Website for the film.