Clifford Shull
Clifford Glenwood Shull (born September 23, 1915 in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , † March 31, 2001 in Medford , Massachusetts ) was an American physicist . He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1994.
Life
Clifford Shull was born on September 23, 1915 in Pittsburgh, Glenwood, the third child of David H. Shull († 1934) and his wife Daisy B. Shull, he has an older brother (Perry Leo) and an older sister (Evalyn May ). He studied physics at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh from 1933 to 1937 and received his doctorate in 1941 from New York University . He found employment at a research laboratory for The Texas Company ( Texaco ) in Beacon , New York . After World War II , he went to the Clinton Laboratory (now Oak Ridge National Laboratory ) in Tennessee in 1946 . In 1955 he accepted a professorship at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he researched and taught until his retirement in 1986.
Clifford Shull married Martha-Nuel Summer in 1941 and has three sons, John, Robert and William. He died on March 31, 2001 at Lawrence Memorial Hospital in Medford, Massachusetts.
plant
Shull's role at The Texas Company was to analyze the microstructure of catalysts for the petrochemical industry using X-ray and electron scattering . After moving to Oak Ridge National Laboratory, he worked with Ernest Walton (1903-1995) on the development of neutron scattering on solids, which it perfected in the following years.
In the 1970s he worked on experiments on neutron interferometry (like Sam Werner at the University of Missouri and Helmut Rauch and Anton Zeilinger in Vienna). In particular, he wanted to prove gravitational effects. In his group at that time there were Daniel Greenberger and Michael Horne , who are known for their work on the fundamentals of quantum mechanics.
Clifford Shull was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics together with Bertram Brockhouse in 1994 "for their development of techniques for the scattering of the uncharged nuclear particles".
Awards
- 1956 Buckley Prize, American Physical Society
- 1957 election to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- 1960 Shull Rocks in Antarctica is named after the company
- 1975 election to the National Academy of Sciences
- 1993 Gregori Aminoff Prize , Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
- 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics
Fonts
- Clifford Shull: Early development of neutron scattering . In: Reviews of Modern Physics. Volume 67, 1995, pp. 753-757
literature
- Clifford G. Shull , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 27/2001 from June 25, 2001, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely available)
Web links
- Information from the Nobel Foundation on the 1994 award ceremony for Clifford Shull
- MIT obituary
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Shull, Clifford |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Shull, Clifford G .; Shull, Clifford Glenwood (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 23, 1915 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 31, 2001 |
| Place of death | Medford , Massachusetts |