Consilium for the implementation of the liturgical constitution

The Consilium for the Implementation of the Liturgy Constitution ( Latin Consilium ad exsequendam Constitutionem de Sacra Liturgia "Council for the Implementation of the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy " ), usually called the Consilium , was a body in the Roman Catholic Church that Pope Paul VI. Began in 1964 to implement the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum concilium , which the Second Vatican Council adopted as the first document ever on December 4, 1963, and the liturgical booksto renew according to the principles and guidelines of the Council decisions. It existed until 1970 and then merged into the newly structured Vatican Congregation for Worship .

Schedule

Beginnings and composition (1963/64)

During the deliberations of the council on the liturgy constitution, Pope Paul VI. in autumn 1963 the Archbishop of Bologna , Cardinal Giacomo Lercaro , with preliminary considerations for a post-conciliar commission and explorations as to which experts should be consulted; this involved the liturgical scholar Annibale Bugnini , who had been secretary of the liturgical preparatory commission of the council since July 11, 1960 and then also became secretary of the consilium . After the council had passed the Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium on December 4, 1963, the Pope set up the body with his Motu proprio Sacram liturgiam of January 25, 1964; He did not use the term Consilium "Council" in the text , but founded a "special association" ( peculiarem condimus Commissionem ). A first list of members was published on January 28 in the Osservatore Romano .

In a message to the Pope on January 13, 1964 , Cardinal State Secretary Giovanni Cicognani summarized the preparatory exploratory talks and asked for the establishment of a Consilium ad exsequendam Constitutionem de sacra Liturgia ; He named the Cardinals Giacomo Lercaro and Paolo Giobbe as responsible as well as the Prefect of the Congregation of Rites , Cardinal Arcadio María Larraona , as Secretary Annibale Bugnini; Cardinal Cicognani had already announced this orally to Bugnini on January 3, 1964.

The group of the first appointed members met on January 15, 1964 for a "constituent assembly" and then again on February 15. Lercaro and Bugnini drew up a list of periti, or consultors, approved by the Pope in early March 1964 and published in L'Osservatore Romano on March 5 . The first full assembly of the Consilium , which replaced the "constituent assembly", met on March 11, 1964; a first study group was set up to revise the psaltery , as they wanted to create a sufficient time frame for this. As is customary at the Roman Curia, in addition to the “plenary assembly” (in the usage of the curia: “plenary congregation”) there was also an “ordinary assembly” of the members present in Rome; In the case of the Consilium, however, this met only twice, on March 20 and April 13, 1964. The 13 plenary assemblies took place on March 11th, April and June 1964, from September to November 1964 parallel to the third session of the council, in April 1965, from October to December 1965 (fourth session of the council), in October 1966, in April and November 1967, April and October 1968, November 1969 and 9/10. April 1970. There were papal audiences four times during the meeting.

As of June 1964, the Consilium had 42 members - bishops, the Benedictine abbot Rembert Weakland and three priests - plus 142 international experts as consultors, 30 advisers and three employees in the secretariat. The number of members later increased to 51 in order to better represent countries, situations and problems. Once or twice a year the whole Consilium met in Rome for a general assembly. A seven-member presidential council accompanied the work and made urgent decisions. Pope Paul VI followed the development with personal interest and occasionally made “appropriate arrangements” himself, according to Secretary Annibale Bugnini.

See also : List of members of the Consilium ad exsequendam Constitutionem de Sacra Liturgia

Competencies and designation

The Consilium came about at the request of the Pope himself and was not directly assigned to any of the congregations of the Roman Curia , but had the character of an independent “study group” and was directly subordinate to the Vatican State Secretariat ; it could not fall back on any legal provisions and had to work out its own structure and working methods. The attempt of the Consilium to have a statute on its working methods approved by the Pope in 1966/67 was prevented by an anonymous submission to the Pope, who he joined; The Consilium was assumed to want to become a "stable and permanent body [...] with almost unlimited legislative power" and extensive powers. The Pope appointed the president directly. This was initially Cardinal Giacomo Lercaro, on January 9, 1968 Cardinal Benno Gut OSB took over the management. The Latinists in the Vatican chose the name Consilium because it was “more classical” than Commissio , the full title Consilium ad exsequendam Constitutionem de sacra Liturgia goes back to the secretary of the Council, Archbishop Pericle Felici . At the direction of Cardinal Cicognani, the seat of the Consilium should not be in the premises of the Congregation for Rites; it then moved into rooms on the fourth floor of the Santa Marta Hospice in the Vatican. In addition to Secretary Bugnini, two to eight young liturgical scholars from different countries worked in the secretariat there, the main languages ​​being Italian, French, English, Spanish and German.

Pope Paul VI used the Consilium to rewrite the liturgical books of the Latin Rite in the spirit and according to the norms of the Council and to support the Congregation of Rites "helpful and wise" in the implementation of the Council decisions, as he said in a 1967 address. It had to contend with strong opposition from forces in the Roman Curia that rejected any liturgical reform. The legislative powers of the Consilium were disputed in the Curia, and various conflicts arose between the Consilium and the authorities of the Curia, namely the Congregation of Rites, which endeavored to preserve the acquisitions it had acquired over centuries. The Consilium assumed a parallelism of competencies, the Rites Congregation assumed a subordinate, only advisory function of the Consilium ( “audito Consilio” ). In a letter to Cardinal Arcadio Larraona dated January 7, 1965, State Secretary Cardinal Amleto Cicognani stated that the work of the Consilium should be carried out in three phases: the phase of drawing up the liturgical books and reviewing the questions, and the phase of experimentation, lay in the competence of the Consilium , the final promulgation was the responsibility of the Congregation for Rites.

Pope Paul VI Always praised the work of the Consilium , but declared in an address to the members and advisers of the body on October 13, 1966 that before we could authorize the new Ordo , the Missal and the revised Calendarium Romanum Generale, “the bishops would have to be called before we approve the carefully considered proposals with our authority ”.

Working method

The Consilium was a well-balanced body and formed around 40 study or working groups ( Coetūs ) of experts from the fields of dogmatics , liturgical science , pastoral care , church history , church law , church music and others. As a “fraternal and peaceful gesture”, non-Catholic liturgical scholars of other denominations also took part as observers in the deliberations of the Consilium ; these were the Anglicans Ronald Jasper and Massey H. Shepherd , the Methodist A. Raymond George for the World Council of Churches , Friedrich-Wilhelm Künneth and Eugene L. Brand as representatives of the Lutheran World Federation and Max Thurian from the Taizé community . The plan to invite a representative of the Orthodox Churches remained unsuccessful, according to Annibale Bugnini. The Consilium endeavored to maintain close contact through, in some cases, regular meetings with the chairmen of the bishops' conferences, the chairmen and secretaries of the national liturgy commissions and the editors of liturgical journals. It communicated in the form of newsletters and internally through notitiae . A study congress for translators of liturgical books took place in Rome from November 9th to 13th, 1965 with 249 participants; It was important that native-language texts were both modern and sacred and that the liturgical texts in areas of the same language family corresponded as closely as possible.

The official documents were preceded by experiments that Pope Paul VI. from the beginning of the liturgical reform had expressly allowed and approved. The Consilium defined fixed limits in terms of time, places and people for such experiments and involved the national liturgy commissions. Suitable parishes (urban and rural parishes), monasteries and abbeys were selected as locations for experiments; too much public should be avoided, and the participating believers were interviewed. That did not prevent certain “impropriety and excessiveness”; Annibale Bugnini names the free design of texts, inappropriate music, sermons in dialogue form, mass celebrations in apartments or profane halls, renouncing paraments , using ordinary bread for communion and “extravagant ceremonies” from the area of ​​the Ordo Missae . Bugnini rejects a blanket accusation that the “approved experiments caused confusion and confusion”. The Consilium had to deal repeatedly with defamation and false reports, abuses were exaggerated and the Consilium chalked up. At the October 1966 assembly, the secretary urged all concerned to exercise caution in disclosing information about the work of the consilium .

First changes

In the course of the work of the Consilium , some changes in the liturgy were put into effect before the liturgical books were comprehensively reissued. This was done through the following doctrinal texts, which were signed jointly by the President of the Consilium and the Prefect of the Congregation for Rites:

• With the instruction Inter Oecumenici of September 26, 1964, the national language in particular was introduced in many parts of Holy Mass, the sacraments and the Liturgy of the Hours; Numerous rites in the celebration of mass were also changed and simplified, general prayer was introduced and a homily on Sundays and feast days was made mandatory. In addition, specifications were made for the design of churches and altars in order to achieve the active participation of the faithful desired by the council . The prescriptions were in the Ordo Missae. Rite servandus in celebratione Missae. De defectibus in celebratione Missae occurentibus. Editio typica; Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis 1965 , an official ordinance to replace the current Roman Missal , published and came into force on the first Sunday of Lent, March 7, 1965 ( "1965 rite" ). The rite servandus in concelebratione Missae et ritus communionis sub utraque specie came into force on Maundy Thursday , April 15, 1965 and regulated the celebration of mass as a concelebration in the sense of SC 57f. and the cup communion ; the decree Ecclesiae semper of March 7th gave the regulations and the rite for them .
• On March 5, 1967, the instruction Musicam sacram on church music was published and came into effect on May 14, 1967, Pentecost Sunday . It regulated the importance of music at Holy Mass, the Liturgy of the Hours and the dispensing of the sacraments, and rewrote the liturgical roles of musicians in worship and the importance of native chants.
• The instruction Eucharisticum mysterium of May 25, 1967 (valid from August 15, 1967, the feast of the Assumption of Mary into heaven ) dealt with further individual reforms in the celebration of Holy Mass and made statements about receiving communion, keeping the Most Holy and the Eucharistic Piety .
• On May 4, 1967, the Instruction Tres abhinc annos was published, which continued the Instruction Inter Oecumenici and put further changes into force on June 29, 1967, which had been proposed by the bishops. Above all, it was about the selection of certain liturgical texts; Since 1965, a considerable amount of work had arisen with the review and approval of vernacular - partly provisional - texts. From now on, the local bishops' conferences were free to allow their mother tongue for the prayer of the mass and for ordinations.

Transfer to a commission of the Congregation for Divine Worship (1969/70)

With the Apostolic Constitution Sacra rituum congregatio , the Congregation for Divine Worship (Divine Service Congregation , Sacra Congregatio pro cultu Divino ) was re-established on May 8, 1969 , instead of the Congregation for Rites . The area of ​​canonization processes, which until then belonged to the Congregation for Rites , was separated into the Congregation for the Causes of Saints ( Congregatio pro causis Sanctorum ), and the Consilium became part of the new congregation. The secretary of the newly circumscribed congregation was the secretary of the Consilium , Annibale Bugnini, cardinal prefect was until his death on December 8, 1970 Cardinal Benno Gut. The Congregation for Divine Worship opened its new seat in the Palazzo delle Congregazioni (Piazza Pio X. No. 10 in Rome) during the 13th and final plenary session of the Consilium on April 9, 1970. Significant reforms of the liturgy, especially the Roman Missal of 1969 and the new basic order of the church year was concluded as an independent council during the existence of the Consilium , other projects were pursued by the Congregation for Divine Worship.

At the 12th General Assembly on November 10, 1969, Annibale Bugnini proposed that all documents of the liturgical reform should be collected and issued. The publication was done by Reiner Kaczynski , then an employee of the Congregation for Divine Worship. The first volume, which also documents the work of the Consilium , covered the period from December 4, 1963 to December 2, 1973 and was published in 1976 by Marietti Verlag in Turin under the title Enchiridion documentorum instaurationis liturgicae I (1963–1973). Composuit et indices auxit Reiner Kaczynski, a studiis S. Congregationis pro Cultu Divino. It comprises 1224 pages and has an extensive subject index with 934 keywords.

Work plan and working groups ( Coetūs ) of the Consilium

The elaboration of the Reformed liturgical documents and books followed a work plan that Secretary Annibale Bugnini had presented to the first session of the "Constituent Assembly" and which was also used as a basis for the structure of the study groups of the Consilium , called Coetus . There were two departments in the working groups: The groups of the first "developing" department had the editorial task of collecting the content and formulating a draft text from it. In the second “checking” department, scientific specialists who were not familiar with the preparatory work had to examine the texts for straightforwardness, internal logic, terminological accuracy and effectiveness in practice; they also checked whether texts and terms that occurred repeatedly in different drafts were used in the same sense everywhere. Only after this revision procedure were the draft texts submitted to the Consilium .

The individual groups were led by a “relator” and met in Rome, but also at other convenient locations during the development phases. They worked on the following content-related tasks, whereby with a few exceptions the number of the individual Coetūs corresponded to the order number given here. In the course of the work, some areas were divided into two groups, here marked by ' Latin to “second”.

First department: Developments I. Calendar 1: Revision of the calendar II. Breviary 2: Revision of the Psalter 3: Distribution of the Psalms 4: Scripture readings in the Liturgy of the Hours 5: Father's readings 6: Hagiographic readings 7: hymns 8: Chants of the Liturgy of the Hours; 8 bis : Preces in lauds and vespers 9: Overall structure of the hourly prayer III. Missal 10: The "Ordo Missae" 11: Scripture readings in the mass 12: "The General Prayer or the Prayer of the Believers" 13: Votive masses 14: Chants in the mass 15: General structure of the fair 16: concelebration and communion under both forms IV. Common elements of breviary and mass 17: Special celebrations in the liturgical year 18: Revision of the individual “ Commune forms ”; 18 bis : Orations and prefations 19: Headings of the breviary and the missal V. Pontifical 20: revision of the 1st book; 20 bis : Consecration and profession 21: 2nd and 3rd books; 21 bis : Church consecration and altar consecration

VI. Rituals 22: sacraments 23: sacramentals; 23 bis : repentance VII. Martyrology 24: Revision of the martyrology VIII. Hymn books 25: Revision of the hymn books IX. Ceremonies of the bishops 26. Revision of the ceremonial of the bishops X. Non-Roman rites 27: Usable elements from other rites XI. Code of liturgical law 28: Preparation of a code of liturgical law Cappella Papale 29: Rites of the "cappella papale" Second department: inspection work 30: Review from the theological point of view 31: Verification from a biblical point of view 32: Review from a legal point of view; 32 bis : Translation of the liturgical books 33: Review from a historical perspective 34: Review from a stylistic point of view 35: Review from a musical point of view 36: Review with regard to pastoral principles 37: Review with a view to pastoral application 38: Review for adaptation 39: Review from the standpoint of art

Areas of reform

Renewal of the Mass

Seven Coeutūs of the Consilium devoted themselves directly to the renewal of Holy Mass . The work of working group 10 on Ordo Missae , the entire process of the Eucharistic celebration, under the direction of Johannes Wagner , the director of the German Liturgical Institute in Trier , was of particular importance. At the beginning of the work, in addition to Wagner, he included: Anton Hänggi (secretary), Mario Righetti , Theodor Schnitzler , Pierre Jounel , Cipriano Vagaggini , Adalbert Franquesa , Pierre-Marie Gy and Josef Andreas Jungmann , later came Luigi Agustoni , Joseph Gelineau , Cipriano Vagaggini and Louis Bouyer added. As part of the “general renewal of the liturgy” wanted by the council, the Ordo Missae , as ordered by the council ( SC 50), was thoroughly revised and renewed according to the “ norm of the fathers ”, not “in one fell swoop”, but in two Steps, namely 1965 and 1969/70.

On January 27, 1965, while the council was still in progress, the Consilium and the Congregation for Rites jointly published a significantly revised official ordinance as a replacement for the previous version in the Missale Romanum of 1962: Ritus servandus in celebratione missae and Ordo missae . The reorganization ("1965 rite") removed the celebration of the opening and the liturgical service from the altar, and allowed u. a. the use of the vernacular for the first time, from which prayer was initially excluded until 1967 , and it was generally free for priests to celebrate the Eucharist facing the congregation ( versus populum ).

As an experiment, on October 24, 1967, Consilium Secretary Bugnini celebrated Holy Mass in the Sistine Chapel in Italian with the participants of the first Synod of Bishops in the newly developed form of the missa normativa . The synods were not properly prepared for this and the response was rather reserved. On January 11, 12 and 13, 1968, three more “experimental” masses of various types took place - now in the presence of Pope Paul VI. in the Cappella Matilde of the Vatican Palace, which was attended by around 30 people from different social classes at the request of the Pope, followed by talks in the papal private library. Those involved were convinced that “the substance of the rite was good,” Pope Paul VI. spoke of a "historic moment".

The scheme of the new Ordo missae was forwarded to the prefects of the Vatican dicasteries for examination, and the Pope himself accompanied the development process in great detail up to the end and introduced some requests for changes; Thus, the opening of every celebration of Mass is based on a sign of the cross spoken aloud by the celebrant , for which there is no liturgical tradition, at the express request of Paul VI. back. The Consilium discussed the texts at the 11th General Assembly (October 8-17, 1968). Since the publication of a renewed entire Missal Romanum still took time to complete, a special volume was published first; it contained the Institutio Generalis Missalis Romani , the Ordo missae , the prefations and the four prayers . Pope Paul VI published this missal with the Apostolic Constitution Missale Romanum , dated April 3, 1969, and put the reforms into force on November 30, 1969, the first Sunday in Advent . The complete Missale Romanum was published on May 17, 1970 and saw a second edition in 1975 ( Editio typica altera ) with some changes.

The task of working group 11, the reorganization of the readings in the mass and the development of a measurement lecturer , was, according to Secretary Bugnini, “one of the most difficult tasks of the whole reform”. The council had called for a more varied and more appropriate design of the scriptures (SC 35,1), and the introduction of the vernacular evoked the desire for greater variety, especially on working days with recurring Commune masses . The group was led by the American Benedictine Godfrey Diekmann, and from June 1965 by the Italian Cipriano Vagaggini OSB. Members from Germany were Heinrich Kahlefeld , Heinrich Schürmann and Klemens Tilmann . Large amounts of text had to be checked and edited; In 1965, 31 biblical scholars were commissioned to find pericopes suitable for liturgical use from all the books of the Bible . The results were reviewed and commented on by 100 experts in the fields of catechesis and pastoral care. The Mass lectionary ( Ordo lectionum Missae ) was created by Pope Paul VI. as the Ordo Missae in the Constitution Missale Romanum approved on April 3, 1969 and published with the decree of the ordinem lectionum scripturae sacrae in missa of May 25, 1969 (Pentecost Sunday). It was a 500-page work in large format with parts for Sundays and public holidays, for the days of the week, for the feast days of the saints and for masses on special occasions. The intermediate chants had also been revised and edited.

Separately, the liturgy of the episcopal mass and other episcopal services in the pontifical as well as the papal mass and liturgical occasions such as cardinal appointments, synod openings and large congresses were processed and prepared for reform by separate working groups . Outdated forms of courtly etiquette were removed and the new understanding of the college of bishops was taken into account; Here, too, the basis was the renewed Ordo Missae .

See also : List of changes due to the liturgical reform # Missale Romanum from 1570/1962 and missal from 1975

Reform of the Liturgy of the Hours

Eight Coetūs worked on the various aspects of a reform of the Liturgia of the Hours ( Liturgia Horarum ). Working group 9, headed by the French Aime-Georges Martimort , had a networking and coordinating function and worked on the overall structure. In addition to the local bishops, the religious communities were also questioned and asked for suggestions and wishes. The council had in nos. 88–94 of the Liturgy Constitution made specifications that have now been implemented. The number of hearing and psalms in the individual hearing was reduced, and instead of the prayer of all psalms in the weekly cycle, a four-week psalter was introduced; at the special request of Pope Paul VI. the curse psalms Ps 58  EU , Ps 83  EU and Ps 109  EU were left out. Besides psalms Old and neustestamentliche were canticles added. The course of the hearing and its correspondence with the time of day was partially changed, the Matutin became a meditative "reading hearing" with a larger range of readings from the Bible and the works of the Church Fathers . In order to encourage the involvement of laypeople , especially in the main choruses of Laudes and Vespers , the hour prayer in the vernacular was allowed for times of prayer with the congregation and, after the Pope's hesitation, also for other times of prayer in religious communities that requested it, and for the breviary prayer of the Cleric .

The Consilium had completed its preparatory work on the reform of the Liturgy of the Hours in April 1968, and after preparation for printing, Pope Paul VI promulgated. the renewed Liturgy of the Hours with the Apostolic Constitution Laudis canticum on November 1, 1970; the Book of Hours was published in February 1971.

See also : List of changes brought about by the liturgical reform: Liturgy of the Hours

Sacraments and blessings

The preparation of the reform of the Roman ritual was the task of working group 22 ( sacraments under the direction of Balthasar Fischer ) and working group 23 ( sacramentals ; direction: Pierre-Marie Gy OP). Certain sacraments and ordinations, the disposition of which is reserved for the bishop, were edited by the Coetūs 20 and 21. Specifically, it was about the admission requirements, the donors and recipients as well as the rites of baptism on the one hand by adults and on the other hand by children, confirmation - mainly the company term was discussed - the sacrament of penance , the anointing of the sick and the sacraments of the death , the sacrament of ordination and the wedding ceremony . In the liturgy around the Eucharist , the forms of receiving communion in and outside of Holy Mass as well as the veneration of the Eucharist had to be checked and regulated. On August 15, 1969, the Ordo exsequiarum was published with a rich collection of texts for the funeral services. Preliminary work on the rite of blessings was initially carried out by a study group from the Congregation for the Sacraments and Divine Worship after the work of the Consilium had ended. With a view to a renewed ritual , several volumes on the various sacramental celebrations gradually appeared in the following decades .

See also : List of changes brought about by the liturgical reform: rituals

Calendar reform

The Coetus 1 (relator: Annibale Bugnini, 1967 Pierre Jounel) dealt with the reorganization of the liturgical year and the accentuation of its solid circles as well as a revision of the calendar and a rebalancing of festivals and commemorations. With the Motu proprio Mysterii paschalis of March 14, 1969, the Pope approved the basic order of the church year and the new Roman general calendar . The revision of the All Saints' litany was linked to the work of Coetus .

See also : List of changes due to the reform of the Calendarium Romanum Generale in 1969

literature

• Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform. 1948-1975. Testimony and Testament. Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 1988, ISBN 3-451-20727-3 .

Web links

• W. Kappes: Christiaan The chronology, organization, competencies and composition of the Consilium ad exsequendam Constitutionem de Sacra Liturgia. Rome, Pontificio Ateneo S. Anselmo de Urbe , Facoltà di Liturgia, 4th May 2009.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ AAS 56 (1964), pp. 139-144 vatican.va .
2. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975 . Freiburg 1988, p. 73 .
3. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975 . Freiburg 1988, p. 34.72 .
4. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975 . Freiburg 1988, p. 73 ff. 157 ff . 159-212 .
5. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975 . Freiburg 1988, p. 73 ff .
6. ↑ Christiaan W. Kappes: The chronology, organization, competencies and composition of the Consilium ad exsequendam Constitutionem de Sacra Liturgia. Rome, Pontificio Ateneo S. Anselmo de Urbe , Facoltà di Liturgia, May 4, 2009 (thesis), pp. 14.25f. academia.edu ; Kappes speaks of 41 members.
7. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975 . Freiburg 1988, p. 99 f .
8. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975 . Freiburg 1988, p. 72 note 1.75 f .
9. ^ Paul VI: Address Iuvat nos gratum of April 19, 1967
10. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975 . Freiburg 1988, p. 94 f .
11. ↑ Christiaan W. Kappes: The chronology, organization, competencies and composition of the Consilium ad exsequendam Constitutionem de Sacra Liturgia. Rome, Pontificio Ateneo S. Anselmo de Urbe , Facoltà di Liturgia, May 4, 2009 (thesis), pp. 13f.18.22.40. academia.edu .
12. ^ Paul VI: Address Ecce adstat consilium to the members and advisers of the "Consilium" on the occasion of their seventh plenary assembly in Rome, October 13, 1966; AAS 58 [1966] 1145-1150; Heinrich Rennings (Ed.): Documents for the Renewal of the Liturgy, Volume 1. 2nd Edition, Butzon & Bercker, Kevelaer 2002, p. 377 books.google.de .
13. ^ Letter of June 30, 1965 from Cardinal Giacomo Lercaro to the presidents of the Bishops' Conferences on the promotion of liturgical renewal.
14. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975 . Freiburg 1988, p. 220 .
15. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975 . Freiburg 1988, p. 221 .
16. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975. Freiburg 1988, pp. 225-253.269ff; Translator: pp. 240–243 and 254ff
17. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975. Freiburg 1988, pp. 119.280.285ff .; for defamation see z. BS 189ff. and pp. 299-325.878, on the silence requirement p. 175
18. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975 . Freiburg 1988, p. 127 f .
19. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975 . Freiburg 1988, p. 104-107 .
20. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975 . Freiburg 1988, p. 273-276 .
21. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975. Freiburg 1988, pp. 84-91; Work distribution plan p. 86ff.
22. ^ Hans-Jürgen Feulner : The Ordo Missae from 1965 and the Missale Romanum from 1962 . In: Helmut Hoping , Winfried Haunerland , Stephan Wahle (eds.): Roman mass and liturgy in the modern age . Herder Verlag, 2016, ISBN 978-3-451-80588-2 , p. 103 (123) .
23. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975. Freiburg 1988, pp. 373f. 385-390; Quotes: p. 361 note 1.
24. ↑ Ordo Missae. Rite servandus in celebratione Missae. De defectibus in celebratione Missae occurentibus. Editio typica; Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis 1965.
25. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975. Freiburg 1988, pp. 373 f., 385-390; Quotes: p. 395.
26. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975. Freiburg 1988, pp. 373 f., 385-390; Quotations: p. 395 ff. (Opening); 404, 411-420.
27. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975. Freiburg 1988, pp. 373 f., 385-390; 435-456; Members: p. 439 note 12; Quotation: pp. 439-442 f.
28. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975. Freiburg 1988, pp. 190.841-850, esp. 841 f.
29. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975. Freiburg 1988, pp. 523-610, here especially pp. 523, 534 f., 542 (Fluchpsalmen), 544 f., 553.
30. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975. Freiburg 1988, pp. 613-756.
31. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975. Freiburg 1988, pp. 806 f., 815 ff.
32. ^ Annibale Bugnini: The liturgical reform: 1948-1975. Freiburg 1988, pp. 329-354, 421.